Materials Science

Relevance and importance of the dissertation title. In present time in different ranges of economics of countries with intensive development industry prevention of corrosion of metals and elaboration of inhibitors and anticorrosion covers is one of actual and important task.
In countries of the world with development chemical and oil-chemical industry losses from corrosion of metals is equaled 25 % from their year production; correspondenly construction and using of inhibitors of corrosion and anticorrosion covers in practices has a very important value. In connection with increasing need to applicable inhibitor, it appears practicability of the creation of universal inhibitors based on advanced technology. During the solution of this task there is a need of development and obtaining inhibitors using local raw material resources as a source of raw materials in the synthesis of inhibitors having set of valuable and useful characteristics.
In the Republic of the Uzbekistan it was specifically attended on creating the advanced technology, supplementary dynamic and stable developing of industry and growth export capacitive. It was achieved the results of activities based on this trend: especially the creating the scientific bases of protection of metals from corrosion in oil and gas chemical industries. The main purposes were oriented in program of the further development of the Strategy for Action the Republic of Uzbekistan on the direction «the carrying out of active investion politics on doing the plans of social infrastructure and transport-communication, the manufacturing, the technic and technical renewing, the modernization of producing» and «the continuing of the politics on stimulation of localization of manufacturing, supplementary, at firstly the broading of the sectional industrial corporations, the developing of the producing high quality materials and consumed products». So the creating of the effective, valuable exported, competitive, world standarts, easily synthesized, cheap, high efficiency at their very low concentrations, nontoxic and biodegradable anticorrosion inhibitors significant tasks and mainly valuable.
This dissertation work was been valuable on the realization of Resolutions of President of Republic Uzbekistan «About additional measures by stimulation of introduction innovational projects and technologies in production» № RP-916 in 15 July 2008 year, «About the continuing activities on carrying out contemporary plans of localization of manufacturing of materials, high quality materials and ready type of products in 2017-2019 years» № RP-2698 in 26 December 2017 year and the Decree of «About the strategy for Action the Republic of Uzbekistan» № PD-4947 in 7 February 2017 year.
The aim of investigation is determinding the properties and mechanism of inhibition by thioglycolurils and cucurbit[n]urils in strong acid, alkaline and neutral mediums.
The scientific novelty of the investigation is following:
it was determined that the inhibitors have formed complexes with iron ions and adsorbed on the metal surface when they added in corrosion medium, as a result the value of entropy has decreased;
it was firstly determined that the quasi-substitution process has carried out between inhibitor and water molecules on the steel surface and the inhibi-tors have decreased dielectric constant of environment;
it was proved that the groth of the stability of thin inhibitors film on the metal surface has increased charge transfer resistance of medium and the size of Nyquist plot;
it firstly was proved that the stable complexes of inhibitors with iron ions haven’t formed free sites for H+ and weren’t soluble in strong acid and alkaline mediums.
Conclusions
1. Thioglycolurils and cucurbit[n]urils were synthesized on the base of local product, it was determined their mechanism of corrosion protection of №3 and N80 steel examples by contemporary methods, it was found the optimal concentrations of inhibitors in strong acid and alkaline mediums.
2. It is determined that the thermodynamic properties of adsorption activities and mechanism of corrosion protection of steel examples by inhibitors and also it was found that the effect of concentration and temperature in aggressive mediums.
3. The changes of corrosion potential to negative site by the mixed effect of inhibitors, the polarization resistance take large value on concentration growth, the inhibitors reduce corrosion activities on cathode and anode what was proved by polarization resistance and polarization curves.
4. It was shown that the quasi-substitution process has carried out between inhibitor molecules and water molecules on the steel surface in the result of which charge transfer and dielectric constant of mediums have increased.
5. The inhibitors have decreased intergranular corrosion on the metal surface with increasing their concentration and the forming films have decreased H+ adsorption on the metal surface what was determined by reactivation investigates. The complexes of inhibitor with iron ions were insoluble in aggressive mediums and also were good adsorbents what was investigated by such method as polarization resistance and corrosion potential trends (Rp/Ec).
6. The investigated corrosion inhibitors were used in «Муборакнефтгаз» LTD in order to prevent N80 and №3 steel from corrosion in acid, alkaline and neutral mediums and it was revealed the protective effect was on 5% more in comparison with imported inhibitors.

Subjects of the inquiry: silicate brick and cellular concrete on lime-silica mixture with additive THAL.
Aim of the inquiry: Development scientifically-motivated principle physicchemical and resource saving- technologies of the reception silicate material autoclaving of the repeating over and over again with perfected technician-working characteristic by way of the goal-directed change the mechanism of the processes hydratasionnog interactions component, kineticses of the structurization and morphologies hydrating new formations at hydrotermalno to processing lime-silica systems by introduction thermo- and thermo chemical of the actuated additives of the local origin.
Methods of inquiry: chemical, physico-mechanical (the determination plastic and mechanical toughness), physico-chemical (x-rays phase, DTA, electronic-microscopic, IK-spectroscopic) methods studies, hydrotermalno processing, method of the thermal processing.
The results achieved and their novelty: is Designed scientifically-methodical principles physico-chemical base and resource saving technology of the reception silicate autoclave material by determinations correlation dependencies "structure-characteristic" and regularities hydratasionnog interactions mineral in silicate composition "barhan sand-lime-melted" at hydratasionnog to processing. Because of quick collecting certain portion by Sa(ON)2 alyminat by join process dissolutions of silica speeds up hydraalyminat calcium in saturated lime ambience with formation hydrasilikat lowered and is warned their transition about high main hydra silicates, forming hydra silicates type SSN(ln) are stable in hardening system. Armirovannyy, nitevidnim and voloknnistnimi crystal hydra mineral silicate brick shows the high factors physico-mechanical characteristic, atmosphere- and frost stability.
Due to exception plastic characteristic clinics forming lessee under his(its) thermochemical of the activations with fosfogypsum the process gas of the formation, increases the utilization ratio gas of the formation, grows shorter duration of the process вспучивания, speeds up the structurization, grows shorter time an izotermal aboutgreva gas of the concrete, increases his(its) toughness and frost stability, decreases waterabsorption.
Practical value: enlarges the source of raw materials for production of the silicate building materials autoklavnoy repeating over and over again to account of scale involvement broadly wide-spread in Uzbekistan лессов and lessoseen loam, enormous spare of the departure fosfogypsum, is reached economy of lime, and reduction to duration of their fabrication to account of the using THAL, providing high technician-working characteristic product and design. The Results of the studies served the normative base for development NTD on pilot production of the silicate brick and cellular concrete with use thermo- and THAL, on base which is organized test on issue experienced their party.
Degree of embed and economic effectivity: The Results of the studies are checked in condition Urgenchskogo ZSM by issue to initial lot of the silicate brick in volume 3460 sht on base lime- silica searched for, with additive 15-20 % TAL. To account spare 4-5 % lime prime cost, on 100 kgs mixture reduction cost silicate mixture forms 2320 sum. that has allowed to get 110720 bags of the economic effect. At translation Urgenchskogo ZSM on issue of the silicate brick with additive TAL expected economic effect will form 41472000 bags/year.
Experienced-industrial test, called on on Dzhizakskom K.SM on issue of the initial lot of the cellular silicate concrete with use THAL has shown that prime cost of the cellular concrete of the recommended composition lower, prime cost of the traditional cellular silicate concrete. Expected economic effect under annual volume of production 64300 m’ silicate cellular concrete with use THAL will form 46937000 bags/year
Sphere of usage: industry of the building materials and formation industry RUz.

The aim of the research work is improvement of working parts design and creating of calculations parameters methods and movement’s regimes of seed cotton feeders for machines of primary cotton processing.
Scientific novelty of the research work the following:
improved working parts of feeders on the base of technology analysis of cotton feeding and designs of cotton feeders developed.
analytical expression for determining of coefficient uneven feeding by cotton feeder with the intermittent blades of rollers received and graphic dependences of cotton feeding by cotton feeding rollers developed.
dependences of disperse change of angular speed of feeding pin drum on the base of study influence of accidental resistance from cotton into angular speed of feeding pin drum of cotton developed.
formula for coefficient calculations of cotton friction on rollers by analytical method received, a method of critical speed of pin drum developed.
movement of pin drum unevenness feeding rollers and driving engine by decision problem of aggregate of cotton feeder from the change of inertia moments of pin drum and feeding rollers, technological resistance from cotton and its hardness and dissipation of elastic transfer determined.
on the base of full factor experiments the optimal feeding parameters determined by method of harmonic analysis of experimentally received curves of shaft roller of pin drum feeder of cotton determined. And the main harmony of hesitations of winding is rotation frequency of a pin drum.

Topicality and demand of the subject of dissertation. A silicate glass is one of the most interesting materials used by human from ancient times. Despite the wide scientific, technical and domestic use of glass, there are a number of fundamental problems in the glass physics. For example, essential effect of structure of matter (displacement of atoms in the space) on its properties is well known. But the glass structure is the subject of disputes of scientists around the world for about century although many models for it have been suggested. The situation is caused by inefficiency of main experimental investigation methods for crystal structure (diffraction of X-ray, electrons and neutrons) in the glass, which is not long-range ordered and has multi-component character in most interesting and widespread types of glasses. Applicability of the energy band models and following conceptions (effective mass amd mobility of charge carriers) for the glass must be justified in each specific situation as well.
The silicate glass doped with transition metals oxides (mainly RuO2) is functional material for thick film resistors, widely used in modem electronic devices. Investigations of electrical properties of the doped glass have raised additional physical problems. For example, temperature dependence of resistivity />(7) of doped glass at low temperatures (7' < 50 K.) is similar to that of neither crystalline semiconductors (activation law In p - 7’1) nor amorphous materials (Mott’s law In p - Г0’25). The minimum of p(7') is observed at intermediate temperatures which docs not correspond to any existing physical conceptions. Metallic (/; - T or p - 7'2) conductivity follows beyond the minimum on the contrary to the glass conceptions as a dielectric with energy gap more than 3 eV.
The thermoelectric effect in various materials and structures is interesting both in terms of fundamental study of physical processes and practical applications of thermoelectric converters (to generate electric power from renewable sources, to recover waste energy, to cool and to heat). Thermoelectric effects can give information on the density of electrons energy states, on hidden structure (phase) transitions, on a state of electronic subsystem, on electron-phonon interactions. The thermoelectric figure of merit ZT = SaT/к is important for practical use, which is determined by electrical conductivity of a material rr, thermal conductivity к and thermopower (Seebeck coefficient) 5. Here T is working temperature of a thermoelectric converter. Widespread applications of the thermoelectric converters require materials with ZT> 2 in the temperature range 500-1000 K.
But thermoelectric properties of the doped silicate glass are practically unresearched in spite of its promising parameters (high electrical conductivity a ~ 400-4000 Ohm1 m1, low thermal conductivity к ~ 0.5-1 W/(m K.)) that can essentially improve ZT.
That is why an ascertainment of physical mechanisms which can effect charge transport and thermo power generation in doped silicate glass in combination with experimental and theoretical research methods as well as expansion of research area, determination of the corerelations of these phenomena with glass composition and peculiarities of its structure in a wide range of external exposure are actual problems of the glassy state physics and for design of thermoelectrics of high thermoelectric figure of merit made from disposable and safe raw materials.
Legislative base to ensure energetic security and to use alternative energy sources is generated and a number of practical solutions were done in the Republic of Uzbekistan in years of Independence. These are “Agreement of Members States of Commonwealth of Independent States on the field of Energy Efficiency and Energy Saving” (Kishinev, October 7, 2003), Decree of the President of Republic of Uzbekistan No UP-4512 “On the measures for further development of alternative energy sources” (March 1, 2013) and Decision of the President of Republic of Uzbekistan PP-1929 “On organization of the International Institute of Solar Energy” (March 1, 2013), Decision of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan No 265 “On the measures for organization of the International Institute of Solar Energy” (September 25, 2013), arrangement of companies “Uzbckcncrgo” and Suntech Power (PRC) on the foundation of joint venture to produce photovoltaic panels of 100 MW output on the basis of newest technologies at the Navoi exclusive economic zone, outlined formation of solar power station of 100 MW output in the Samarkand region by obtaining funds of Asian Development Bank.
This research work is oriented to realize regulations of the “National Conception of the Republic of Uzbekistan on Renewable Energy Sources” (approved by the Senate of Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan, October 2008) by designing new thermoelectric materials. Intensification of the investigations oriented to design new and cheap thermoelectric materials to improve the efficiency of renewable sources energy conversion and waste energy recovering is the main factor of needs for the dissertation theme.
Purpose of research is search for the physical mechanism determining the electrical conductivity and the thermopower coefficient of the silicate glass doped with oxides of 3c/- and 4rf-transition metals as well as correlations of these properties with the glass and dopant composition, synthesis conditions to create the scientific basis for designing the effective thermoelectric materials.
Scientific novelty of dissertational research consists in the following:
New physical phenomenon is observed in silicate glasses — sharp growth of specific resistance and thermopower coefficient (up to 10 and 100 times, respectively, depending on composition of glass) at T> 1000 K;
Existence of 1-2 nm large nanocrystals and structure transitions at high tcmpctaturcs in silicate glass is experimentally proven;
Diffuse mechanism of charge percolation levels formation in doped glass is proposed and experimentally justified;
It is demonstrated that the percolation threshold is reduced or even vanishes in doped glass as the result of combination of diffusion and percolation laws;
Influence of glass composition and doping type, temperature and doping time on percolation threshold and electric conductivity is proved to be a result of diffusion zone formation around the doping particles and conductivity increase in the glass itself from о ~ IO16 Ohm'cm'1 to 40-400 Ohm'cm'1 in this zone;
The mechanism of doped glass conductivity is proposed and experimentally justified to explain the temperature dependence of conductivity in the interval 0.015-1123 К as result of combination of impurity subband, formed in diffusion process, with nanocrystals in the glass; effect of the electron-phonon interactions on these processes is established;
The minimum observed in resistivity is explained as a result of merge of impurity band with the valence band in glass and consequent “metallic” state p T or p - I2 in doped glass at T ~ 77-700 К as a result of predominant scattering of charge carriers on phonons and on each other;
It is demonstrated that electric conductivity of 40-400 Ohm’'em'1, thermal conductivity 0.5-1 W-rn'K.'1 and thermopower coefficient 1.1 mV/К. in the range 800-1000 К can lead to increased thermoelectric efficiency of doped glasses.
CONCLUSION
1. It is shown that the glass becomes conductive due to diffusion of dopant atoms into the emolliated glass, and the percolation threshold corresponds to the overlapping of the diffusion zones which are formed around the dopant particles. The volume of these zones can be essentially higher than the volume of the dopant particles, and is affected by parameters of the doping process (temperature and duration) as well as the composition of the glass and the dopant, so the percolation threshold can be observed at very low content of the dopant (about 1 mass % or, probably, even less, instead of 16 mass % predicted by the percolation theory).
2. It has been shown by EXAFS method that the local glass structure, namely coordination of the lead atoms, effects essentially the doped glasses conductivity. Coordination of Ru atoms in the doped glass depends on structure of initial glass as well as on doping duration.
3. The abnormal increase of the resistance and thermopower has been revealed in the doped glasses in the temperature range 700-1000 K. These anomalies have been shown to be the consequence of structural transitions in the nanocrystals of lead silicates and the residues of silica, which have been formed in the glass during the melting and doping.
4. The lower limit of carriers' concentration (about 102Ocm'3) and effective mass (mef ~ 3.3- 102mo) of charge carriers have been estimated in the doped glasses.
One may conclude, therefore, that the doped glasses are the system of polaron conductivity.
5. It is shown that doping of the silicate glass being dielectric with the forbidden band nearby 3.3 eV creates the impurity subband of width 0.026 eV or less, separated from the top of the valence band by small (0.01-0.02 eV) gap. At high temperatures, structural transitions of silicate nanocrystals separate the impurity subband from the valence band, and beyond the maximum of resistance (at temperatures above 950-1000 K) the sample becomes semiconductor with activation energy E„ of conductivity from 0.095 up to 1.5 eV depending on the doped glasses' composition and the doping level.
6. It was determined that temperature dependence R(T) of the doped glass in the range from helium up to 1200 К is the result of impurity subband formation and presence of nanocrystals. Nanocrystals act as effective localization centers of free charge carriers and two mechanisms of conductivity - thermal activation and hopping - operate simultaneously at low temperatures. The dependence 7?(7) = A cxp(Z?7's) with 0.4 < f < 0.8 often observed in experiments is caused by electronphonon interactions leading to variations of the gap width with temperature.
7. The physical mechanism of metallic conductivity p(T) - T or /Д 7) ~ T2 of doped glass near room temperature is revealed. It is shown that narrow gap between the impurity subband and the valence band of glass can vanish as temperature increases, free carriers concentration becomes constant (like that in metals) and carriers' scattering will be a major cause of temperature dependence on conductivity.
8. The doped silicate glasses have high density of electronic states in the impurity subband located close to the top of the valence band, so they can be an effective and cheap thermoelectric material for renewable energy conversion and the energy waste recovery.

Topicality and necessity of the thesis. Enhancement of productivity and quality of solar power facilities by means of precision orientation of mirrorconcentrating systems in the operating zone of the Solar furnace plays important role in decrease of energy losses. In this respect, it requires development of novel improved calculation methods for optical-geometric and optical-energy characteristics of radiant flux in focal plane of the solar facilities, orientation of stationary concentrating systems, calculation and experimental activities aimed at a more effective use of the mirror-concentrating systems. Research and development works conducted in the mentioned above areas point on the topicality of the dissertation’s topic.
The aim of research work is to increase efficiency of mirror-concentrating systems of the 1000 kW Big Solar Furnace technological and power elements by taking into account asymmetric design of the concentrator.
Scientific novelty of the research work is method for calculation of a radiant flux density distribution in the concentration spot of the mirror-concentrating systems is proposed for a more precise description of the experimental results;
method for shaping of facets of the concentrator by means of optical technique is developed ensuring technological process efficiency increase;
for the first time geometrical accuracy control techniques are proposed both for reflecting surface of individual elements - facets, components of mirrorconcentrating systems, and for integral concentrators of radiant flux;

The aim of the research work. Synthesis of low viscosity, water-soluble carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and high substituted polyanion cellulose (РАС) based on microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) and powder cellulose (PC), study of its properties and development of production technology.
The object of the research work.MCC and PC samples with different degree of polymerization (DP), degree of crystallinity (DC),synthesized CMC samples, fire-retardant wood chipboard.
Scientific novelty' of the research work:
for the first shown conditions of synthesis of a low-substituted, water-soluble CMC with DS of 0.42-0.48 on the basis of MCC and PC by monoapparatus way;
for the first synthesized highly substituted РАС by carboxymethylation of MCC and PC in an ethyl alcohol medium;
it has established that kinetic parameters of heterogeneous carboxymethyllation of MCC and PC as activation energy, reaction rate and thermal effect in adiabatic condition;
it has been developed a monoapparatus production technology of low-viscosity CMC and suspension technology production of low-viscosity РАС from MCC and PC;
it has established that including of low-viscosity CMC to the content of hard-combustible press-composition improved physical-mechanical properties of wood particle board.
Implementation of there search results. Based on obtained results on synthesizing of low-viscosity CMC and РАС from MCC and PC, development of their production technology and application in practice:
It has obtained development batches of low-viscosity technical CMC from MCC and PC by a monoapparatus way on the pilot installation of Wemer-Pfleiderer in the laboratory conditions (the act of operating a development batch of low-viscosity technical CMC in a pilot installation of Verner-Pfleiderer). According to developed technology in LLC Karbonam was produced 370 tons of technical CMC from local sources of raw materials for oil and gas industry (letter of “Uzbekneftegaz” 23-10-01 /26-677from23.02.2017y).
It was developed technological regulation of №TR_22235949-002:2016 "Production of technical Na-СМС from CC, lint, MCC and textile wastes", approved in LLC "Karbonam" and coordinated by JSC "O'ZLITINEFTGAZ". As a result, the developed technology could be made of import-substituting, export-oriented, low-viscosity, low-substituted CMC grades based on local raw materials.
The structure and volume of the thesis.Structure of dissertation consists of an introduction, five chapters, conclusion, list of references and applications. The volume of the thesis is 118 pages.

The aim of research work is to obtain essential oil from secondary and byproducts, to study the properties of the ester obtained and to develop a technology for greasing leather.
The scientific novelty of the research work is as follows:
to improve the efficiency of greasing, an innovative method of leather greasing with anti-mold inhibition was created;
using isoamyl alcohol, oleic oil and sulfuric acid in the etherification reaction, the essential oil was synthesized as a model sample and the basic properties of the ether were determined;
on the basis of distilled fatty acids and fusel oil being a secondary and byproduct of the industry, an essential oil was synthesized and the main parameters of the technology for obtaining essential oils were developed;
on the basis of synthesized essential oil, and also, from the secondary and by-products of the industry, a fatty compound for greasing leather was obtained;
leather obtained with improved performance properties with the use of essential oil based on local fatty compounds in the processes of greasing leather.

Subjects of research: process of the recovering the worn-out circle of the riding and ridge whole founder wheel freiht-car automatic much electrode smelting.
Purpose of work: development of the motivation of the way of the reconstruction to surfaces of the riding whole founder wheel of the freiht-cars with provision for their tense- deformation conditions.
Methods of research: mathematical, method of the numerical analysis, experimental studies tense-deformation conditions, metallographic research, measurement to hardness.
The results obtained and their novelty: is studied regularity of the origin tense- deformation conditions, defining structure and characteristic of the material whole.
For the first time designed methods of the study tense- deformation conditions at much electrode process smelting to surfaces of the riding travell.
Installed that maximum temporary voltages, exceeding limit to toughness of the material travell, arc reached in surface layer at the temperature over 500°C. Reduce the danger of the forming the hot rifts by possible by reductions to heat power of the mode smelting.
Practical value: designed and approved in Public supervision "Uzzhcldorrcmmash" Instruction on adjustment and usages much electrode installation for repair personnel ОАО "Yolrcftrans" GAZHK. "Uzbekistan temir yullari".
Degree of embed and economic effectivity: result of the executed studies in welding laboratory TASHIIT automatic much electrode smelting were smelting experimental smelting freiht-cars in amount 10 pieces, four from which pass the experienced to run in under cars.
Smelting travell is sent in UP "O'ZTEMIRYO'LMASHTA'MIR" for use in cars railroad yard GAZHK "Uzbekistan temir yullari". The expected effect from this will form 123, 89 mln.sum.
Field of application: enterprises GAZHK "Uzbekistan temir yullari", connected with repair of the rolling stock. The Research institutes and rcscarch-and-production associations.

Ushbu maqolada oliy ta’limni boshqarishda qo‘llaniladigan metaloyihani amalga oshirishning asosiy bosqichlari o‘rgabilgan.

Maqolada “KVARTS” AJda korxonasining xom-ashyo sexida shisha tarkibiga qo‘shiluvchi shixtalarni aralashtirish samaradorligi yuqori bo‘lgan, energiyatejamkor, kuraklarini shaklini o’zkartirtilgan va qiyalik burchaklari optimal variant hisoblangan apparatini takomillashtirilgan konstruksiyasi taklif etilgan.

Subjects of the research: The ring spinning machine «Zinser», cotton fiber and yarn samples produced from it.
Purpose of work: Improve the quality of yarn on the basis of theoretical research and practical and optimization of parameters of ring spinning machine «Zinser».
Method of research: Of properties of yarn carried on the researching equipment of certification center named after «CENTEXUZ» at TITLI, also on the modern test equipment installed in the laboratory branch of “Gurlan teks” foreign company “Muruvvat teks”. There are used the theory of mechanics of yarns, methods of mathematical statistics and analysis of the experiment in this thesis.
The results obtained and their novelty: The influence of spindle speed and twist on the properties of the yarn was studied. Defined the dominant influence on the properties of the yarn twist, and with increasing number of twist the difference of actual twist increases than nominal. Justified that by changing the size of the triangle of twisting may improve the structure of the yarn and improving its quality. Strain components are estimated with great accuracy using strain created by the test apparatus. Determined that the compact yarn has a higher tensile force compared to the conventional yarn by 14% and hairiness below 80%.
Practical value: Based on research of the effect speed spindle and twist on the properties of the yarn recommended optimal operating parameters of high-speed ring spinning machines. Rationale for ways to improve the quality of the actual yarn is of great practical importance.
Degree of embed and economic affectivity: The results of the thesis introduced in the spinning machine with 1200 spindles in branch “Gurlan teks” foreign company “Muruvvat teks” and economic efficiency of 43180.35 thousand sum. per year.
Field of application: Mills of spinning.

The aim of the research work is the development of energy-saving technology by improving the technology of cold rolling of sheet metals.
The tasks of research:
Analysis of rolling regimes, the study of the current state of research of available rolling technologies and the development of their refinement;
Calculation of energy consumption for cold symmetrical rolling and development of recommendations on energy saving indicators of the technological process;
Comparative analysis of physical and mechanical properties of rolled sheet metals;
Development of energy-saving technology of cold rolling of sheet metals.
The object of the research work is a cast and rolled strip of copper and its alloys.
Scientific novelty of the research work. The scientific novelty of the research is as follows:
the design of the mill and the effective technology of symmetrical cold rolling of asymmetric rolling are developed by calculating the parameters;
a new energy-saving symmetrical rolling technology is developed by modifying the available rolling technologies;
the technology of thermal processing of sheet copper and its alloys received by new energy-saving technology of symmetrical rolling is developed;
new modes of heat treatment of copper strip after rolling have been developed.
The practical results of the study are as follow s:
a new design of a semi-industrial rolling mill in production conditions for the production of sheet metals by cold rolling has been developed;
a rolling technology has been developed that allows cutting energy and human resources by 20-30% to produce sheet metals during cold rolling;
The effective heat treatment regimes for cold rolled copper and its alloys have been developed.
The outline of the thesis. The content of the thesis consists of an introduction, four chapters, conclusion, a list of literature. The volume of the thesis is 120 pages.

The aim of the research is to improve calculation methods of the resource of metal span structures operated in railway bridges on the basis of technical diagnostics of the actual state of the structures.
The scientific novelty of the dissertation research is the following: there has been improved methods for determining the causes of defects and damages during the construction and operation of span structures with solid scientifical ground on their bases; there has been an improvement of dependencies for the description of the measure of damage accumulation on the basis of the experimentally determined friction coefficient/; formulas for calculating the resource of span structures have been improved with application of the main provisions of the theory of damage accumulation; there has been a development of the method of estimating the residual life of the exploited metal span structures from the data of technical diagnostics of the actual state of structures.

Topicality and demand of the subject of dissertation.Development of science and intensification of all branches of national economy have resulted to antropogenic influence on the environment and ecological equilibrium. According to the data of regional evaluation of stable toxical compounds in the countries of the European Counsel the highest concentrations of Pb,Cd and Hg in the environment have been noted (Pb-31,02; Cd-54, Hg-36 ton/year). Contentof heavy metals in objects of environment in some others countries:Pb-10%,Cd-21%, Hg-58%.Short analysis of the situation interms of these three toxical metals has shown the level of antropogenic throwings of heavy toxical metals (HTM). The biggest part of HTM finding with throwings released to the atmosphere thrown out on soil and in waters of the country being the -source the release and then they accumulate in neighbouring countries.At present day demands produced to metrological and analytical characteristics of elaborated methods constantly have increased and by this reason problem of elaboration of new methods of HTM determination is very actual. Existing problems can be decide by introduction in analytical practics of HTM determination new specifical organic reagents. In this aspect in protection of object of invironment determination of precise concentrations of HTM by different physical, chemical and physico-chemical methods has enquired anspecial actuality and necessarity.For practical realization such tasks at chemical analysis it is necessary perfection of present and elaboration of new morden methods of monitoring of etoxicantsinchidiny HTM.
Claiming of elaboration of sorbtion-spectroskopical methods is stimulated by necessarily to dispose by rapid and precise information about metals composition used in industrial activity and which have presented serionslanger from the point of view of their biological activity and toxical properties inresult of their accumulation in environment.Claiming also is stimulated by necessarily of controle of content of expbasive- dangerous impurities in air of working zones of industrial apartaments; by monitoring of environment and perfection of technological processes. Necessarily by determination of toxical degree of breathing by personal air, carring out of large amount of probes of complex natural composition (waters mediums, oils and biological liquids) on content in then toxical components? diagnostics of different diseases; preparates using in clinical and medico-biological needs, in aim of personal safety is one of important demands of morden analytical chemistry.
For realization of theoretical preconditions and practical confirmation of analytical determination etoxicants indicated in low of«About state sanitary controle» from 03.07.1992 year and Decisions of Cabinet Minister of Republic of Uzbekistan from 09.12.1992 year «About protection of environment», from27.05.2013 year «About ordes of elaboration and correlation of projects of ecological normatives»,from21.01.2014 year «About program of actions by protection of environment of Republic of Uzbekistan» it is necessary to elaborate new hybrid methods with immobilization of different complex- forming reagents on polymeric bases and matrixes differing by high metrological characteristics and operational parameters. The mort perspective way of their decession -purposeful synthesis and immobilization of organical reagents on fibrous bearers on the base of localraw materials for controle of purity and quality of materials, monitoring of objects of environment sorbents with immobilized on them organical reagents (OR) can be obtained in laboratories of any degree of equipment; they are cheap, selective to sorbited ions, have allowed on 2-3 times to increase sensibleness of methods of determination and also they have enough sorbtion capacity.
Purpose of research is construction of scientific bases of immobilization of OR on the fibrous materials;elaboration of express, high-sensitive sorbtion-spectroscopical methods and test-systems of HTM determination with using of IMOR;elaboration on the base of these methods some general approach to prognosis of properties and composition of specifical analytical groups in organic reagents immobilized on different types of bearers; synthesis of new organic reagents with given properties on the base of our theoretical prognosiss and introduction of them in practice of analysis of different analytical and ecological laboratories.
Scientific novelty of dissertational research consists in the following:
immobilization of different by nature reagents for prognosis and prediction of optimal construction of some OR based on quantum-chemical value of changing of analytical characteristics in dependence on structure of the functional and analytical-active groups has been theoretically based and practically has been realized;
chemico-analytical properties of OR immobilized on bearers on the base of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and polypropylene (PP) for apriory prediction of structure of different OR and elaboration on their base an optical chemical sensors on the base PAN and PP-matrixes having some necessary analytical parameters.
CONCLUSIONS
1. Litrature date about using fiber sorbents and ion-exchanging materials on their base for determination of HTM cations at analysis objects of environment have been summarized. Advantages of using of fiber sorbents in comparison with their using as granuls and powder have been shown. Necessity of search of new immobilized reagents for determination metals in different objects was ground.
2. New scientific trend in analytical chemistry based on the sorbtion-spectroscopical determination of HTM in different objects of enviroment with using immobilized on fiber material organical reagents of different nature with aim of improvment of metrological parameters, exploitational and analytical parameters was developed.
3. Pysico-chemical and analytical properties of immobilized reagents on the base of reagents Arsenazo, threephenylmethan row and also synthesized on the department of organical chemistry NUUz sorbited on the fiber «Nitron» were systematically investigated. Optimal conditions of immobilization of new reagents on some polymeric bearers with preservation of theirspecifical analytical properties were determined.
4. IR- spectroskopical investigation of immobilized reagents on fiber sorbents and their complexes with cations of HTM was carriedout. It was proved that in complex-formation of HTM ions with immobilized reagents the same functional analytical groups participated as in case of native solutions.
5. Results of investigations of interaction of reagents group Arsenazo, theephenylmethanic raw and also reagents synthesized on the derailment of inorganical and analytical chemistry of chemical faculty of NUUz immobilized on matrix on the base of PAN and PP-fibers with ions of HTM have shown that their immobilization was carried out owing to ionic changing and also formation of strong intermolecular hydrogenous bonds with bearers.
6. Using of calculating quant-chemical methods such as MNDO, PM3 and AM-1 has allowed in apriori to predict the structures of different rengents having some necessary analytical parameters (sensibility, contraction of reactions and conditions of their carring out). Investigation of dependencess of spectral characteristics of complexes from method of coordination of metal with functional groups of reagent, quant-chemical value of tendency in spectrums changing at variation analytico-active groups with following determination of possible ways of modification of reagents has shown an perspectivity and adventages of new group of analytical organic reagents on the base of nitrozonaphtols derivatives in contrast with their analogies. On the base of carring out investigations synthesis of new organic reagents on the base anabazin and pyridine reagents and netrozonaphtols has been carried out.
7. On the base of comparison optimal conditions of immobilization, sorbtion, degree of extraction of metals ions, coefficients of distribution, sorbtion capacity of fiber sorbents, data about sensibility of the analytical action according to ions Cd, Hg, Cu and Fe in presence of accompanying elements, possibilities of quantitative desorption by small volumes of mineral acids and accessibility of initialcompounds it is shown an perspective of practical using of synthesised reagents and fiber sorbents. Immobilized reagents quantitativly have extracted ions of metals during 20-30 min at temperature 20-25DC in pH diapasone 3-7 (R=90-99%).
8. Complex of methods of solidphase - spectroscopical and visually-testing determination of HTM in natural objects and samples of sewage and also new effective method of sorbtion - spectroscopical determination of Co,Cu, Cd, Ni, Fe and Hg in drinking and natural water with using of immobilized organical reagents has been elaborated. This sorbtion - spectroscopical methods have allowed to determine abovementioned metals in drinking and natural waters on the level nTO' 6 - n-10'3% and also to decrease the limitof their determination. Rightness of elaborated methods was proved by method “introduced - determined” at analysis of some real objects and also by comparison with data obtained by atom- absorbtion method.
9. Elaborated methods were aprobated at analysis of real objects and were introduced in practice of laboratories by «Navoiyazot»; «Electrokimyozavod», SES (sanepidemic station) of Tashkent region and Bekabad; departament of radiopreparates of Institute of nuclear physics and others.

The aim of research work: is the development of regularities and mechanism of copolymerization of acrylic monomers with protein macromolecules, determination of the character of the interaction of the initiator, monomer and the resulting macromolecules with polymers, the determination of the areas of practical realization of such a polymerization method, taking into account the specific properties of polymer compositions.
The object of the research work: Natural polymers - collagen, fibroin of natural silk; Monomers - acrylic acid, meth acrylic acid esters, acrylonitrile; Initiators of radical polymerization - potassium per sulfate, dinnertime ester of azoisobutyric acid; Textile materials, solvents.
Scientific novelty of the research work:
The mechanism of graft copolymerization of acrylic monomers with protein macromolecules has been developed. The atoms of macromolecules of the natural polymer, initiator and monomer participating in the formation of active centers and polymerization arc established by PMR and 1R spectroscopic methods;
The main kinetic regularities of graft copolymerization of acrylic monomers with natural polymers have been determined;
Parameters for regulating the degree of grafting, the rate of copolymerization, the structure and physic-chemical, mechanical properties of synthesized polymers and materials based on them; A new composition for the flame retardant treatment of textile materials has been developed.
Implementation of the research results. A method for initiating the graft copolymerization of functional-active monomers from a solution with collagen in a homogeneous medium and on the surface of a textile web is developed by preliminary physical adsorption. The possibility and advantages of the practical use of natural and synthetic graft copolymers to produce a form-stable and fire-resistant material arc shown.
The validity of the scientific provisions and conclusions arc confirmed, since they arc established on the basis of the application of modern physical and chemical research methods using the experimental base of the «TexUz» certification center TITLI, scientific laboratories of the institutes of the Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan and the Higher Technical School of Fire Safety of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Uzbekistan.
The scientific significance of the results of the study is that a relationship has been established between the structure of the copolymers obtained and the nature of the grafted monomer. Elastic-strength and physicochemical properties of materials are regulated by the quantitative ratio of natural polymer and functional-active monomer, the conditions of synthesis.
A composition for flame retardant treatment of textile materials containing collagen, acrylic emulsion, boric acid and potassium per sulfate was obtained. In the process of heat treatment, chemical interactions occur between the components, and a relatively resistant to wet treatments, a hardly-combustiblc textile material is formed.
On the basis of scientific results of the study of graft copolymerization of functional-active monomers with natural polymers: Patent for invention of RUz No. IAP 05234 «Composition for flame retardant treatment of textile materials» (30.06.2016, bulletin No.6); A composition for the flame retardant treatment of textiles was introduced into the practice of the «Shams» PC, where an experimental industrial lot of fire-resistant textile material was obtained (act of the PC «Shams» No. FJ—12—2281 from 20.07.2017).
The resulting collagen-containing materials were used in the development of a new technology for the form-stable processing of clothing parts. A scientific fundamental project on the topic F-7-02 «Graft copolymerization of functionally active monomers on the surface of fibers and fillers» (2012-2016, certificate of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Uzbekistan)
The structure and volume of the thesis. The thesis consists of an introduction, six chapters, a conclusion, a list of used literature, an appendix. The volume of the thesis is 120 pages.

Subject of the inquiry: mountain rivers of the Chirchik - Ahangaran basin.
Aim of the inquiry: improvement of the methods of quantitative estimation of the erosion activity and runoff of suspended sediments of small mountain rivers on the basis of standard hydrometeorological materials of the observation.
Method of inquiry: genetic analysis, thermal analysis; methods of mathematical statistics, cartographic methods, method of the geographical generalization and others.
The results achieved and their novelty: in the thesis for the first time:
- made the estimation or the extent of exploration of the runoff of water and suspended sediments of small mountain rivers of the Chirchik - Ahangaran basin and specialized databank;
- established the relationship between the runoff of suspended sediments of the small mountain rivers and meteorological elements;
- specified the values of indices of river sediments and made the quantitative estimation of the erosion activity of small mountain rivers;
- improved the equation of the sediment balance and methods of the calculation of mountain water reservoirs silting;
- made the estimation of the change of intensity of water erosion in small mountain river basins in connection with the change of climate.
Practical value: the results of the exploration can serve as the basis for the rational use of water reservoirs and during the development projects of the countererosion measurements the creation network of nature protection objects, rational of the water-land and hydroenergy resources of the Chirchik-Ahangaran basin.
Degree of embed and economic effectiveness: the materials and results of the thesis are used in the academic process the National University named after Mirzo Ulugbek. In prospect, the results of the exploration can be used in the purposes of specification of the silting volume of water in other regions of the country.
Sphere of usage: hydrological calculations, hydraulic engineering, hydroenergy, protection and rational use of water recources.

The aim of the research work is development of technology of knitting of competitive pattern knitted fabrics with the reduced resource-demanding, improved hygienic and consumer properties, answering requirements both local and international markets.
Scientific novelty of research work consists in the following: the methods of the effective using of raw material in knitting of overhead knitwear with high operating properties are worked out; the law of influence of additional elements in the structure of the knitted fabric on its technological parameters and physic-mechanical properties are established; a high-fidelity device for determination of tension of plush thread at knitting of the plush knitted fabric on a circular knitting machine is worked out; a structure and resource saving method of knitting of the inlay plush knitted fabric are worked out with the plush branches on one side and on both sides of the knitted fabric; the knitting way of new types of the combined knitted fabric on the basis of the rib and interlock stitches are worked out.

Actuality and demand of the dissertation theme. Manufacture of cellulose products in the world has increased by 10 %, and requirement for it by 11 %. At the same time, the requirement on the composition of polymeric materials on the basis of cellulose, paper and paper products has increased by 7 %, and their export by 16,3 %. In particular, export of writing and toilet paper has increased from 11,720 thousand tons' to 32,260 thousand tons'. Large producers are the USA, Brazil, Japan, Finland and Russia1.
In view of the fact that the requirement of our Republic for cellulose, its ethers and esters, paper and paper products, and also composite materials on their basis is growing up day by day, due to the organisation of scientific researches at high level and wide provisions spent on maintenance of home market with qualitative cellulose and its products, in this sphere the big results have been attained. For expansion of stocks of cellulose and its ethers except cotton lint, there are other aspects annual and perennial plants, fibre waste of the various industrial factories. These cellulose-containing plants such as stem of plant topinambour, poplar, wheat straw, rice straw. The main characteristic of these is high quality ratings of cellulose and composition polymeric materials on their basis with high molecular weight at their synthesis.
For today in the world, synthesis of new derivatives and cellulose products, and creation on their basis of high-qality ethers of cellulose and composite materials is one of the burning problem. Important scientific researches in the field of studying of processes directed on decrease in agency of destructive factors in the course of cellulose reception, studying of parameters influencing these processes, creation of nano compositions, creation of production engineering on obtaining writing papers resistant to moisture and organic solvents, obtaining cellulose which is important raw material for chemical processing, and also obtaining carboxymethyl cellulose (Na-СМС), nitrocellulose (collodion) on its basis have been carried out.
This dissertation research research is to a certain extent the tasks, provided in resolution of the President of the Republic Uzbekistan number 1442 on December 15, 2010 "About priority of the development of industry of the Republic of Uzbekistan" and number 1072 on March 12, 2009 "About the program of the measures on realization the major project on the modernization, technical and technological re-equipment of manufacturing", as well as in other normative legal documents accepted in this sphere.
Research objective is to develop the technology of obtaining composite polymeric materials, adequacy for chemical conversion on the bases of cellulose-containing raw materials.
Scientific novelty of research:
Obtaining process of cellulose from a poplar wood adequacy to chemical processing and nitrocellulose (collodion) on its basis has been studied for the first time;
Possibilities of obtaining cellulose with a high reactive capacity from the stalk of topinambour plant have been shown and carboxymethyl cellulose and cellulose acetate have been obtained on its basis;
Obtaining cellulose adequacy to chemical processing from fibrous waste of the textile factories has been studied;
For the first time on the basis of the cellulose obtained from a poplar wood, the stalk of topinambour plantand fibre waste of the textile factories some brands of technical carboxymethyl cellulose used in various spheres have been created;
For the first time the technology of obtaining CMC with high purity for pharmaceutics and the food-processing industry on the basis of cellulose from a topinambour plant has been created;
For the first time the innovation production technology by the method "Monoapparatus" of several brands Na-CMCin the industrial scope has been developed and introduced in "KARBONAM" LLC;
For the first time the technology of obtaining qualitative writing paper from the cellulose obtained from the stalk of a topinambour plant in the industrial scope has been developed.(reference JSK "Uzkimyosanoat» 01/3-24/D on 10/11/2016, concerning the implementation of the developed oligomers).
Conclusion
1. Cellulose adequacy to chemical conversion has been obtained from a poplar wood of Central-Asia by the alkali method. The influence of various parameters (time, concentration, temperature) on the obtaining process of cellulose, the yield of cellulose and its physical and chemical properties have been studied and optimum conditions of process have been introduced.
2. Cellulose adequacy to chemical conversion from top part of a topinambour plant has been obtained by the alkali method and the influence of various technological parameters on the process has been studied. It has been determined that the stalk of a topinambur plant contains 40-45 % of cellulose.
3. Physical, chemical properties, and also the structural composition of cellulose obtained from a poplar wood and stalks of a topinambour plant have been analyzed by the up-to-date methods (IR-spectroscopy, X-radiography, electromicroscopy, ultimate analysis and etc. It has been defined that the quality indicators of obtained celluloses do not differ from the properties of wood cellulose.
4. On the bases of the cellulose obtained from a poplar wood and stalks of a topinambour plant, its ethers and esters - carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), nitrocellulose and cellulose acetate have been obtained. Carrying out the analysis of properties of the obtained ethers by means of modern methods of the analysis, it has been determined that their properties do not differ from the properties of ethers gained of traditional raw materials (wood and cotton lint).
5. Possibility of producing paper in the laboratory conditions on the bases of celluloses obtained from a poplar wood and stalks of a topinambour planthas been defined and the technology of manufacture has been introduced.
6. The developed technologies of obtaining cellulose and paper have been introduced into manufacture at the joint company Uzbek-Chinese factory “Ulug’JahonBaraka” and Open Company “Namangan qog’ozi”.
7. Production of tarpaper materials on the basis of processed semicellulose has been put into operation in Open Company "Ruberoid". Conformity of the quality indicators of produced tarpaper to the requirements of SS has been proved.
8. New method "Monoapparatus" of CMC manufacture on the basis of cellulose obtained from a topinambour plant has been developed and introduced in to manufacture in Limited Company "Carbonam" in Namangan. It has been proved high productivity of CMC with the help of introduced method in comparison with existing one.

The actuality and relevance of dissertation theme. In the world assortment of products from organic material is constantly extending and at present it is exceeding exceeds 80 thousand items. About half of the volume of rubber manufacturing industry constitute automobile tires, more than a third - rubber technical products, the range of which is particularly diverse. About one-tenth the volume of rubber industry production is the production of rubber footwear and other national consumption products (medical devices, toys, sports equipment), as well as conveyor belts, driving belts, sleeves, rubberized technical fabrics and products from them. The main consumer of rubber products is a modern transport -automobile, air, rail. So, in modern automobile is numbered about 600 details of rubber with total weight of 120 kg1.
In the Republic are introduced new industrial enterprises, using modern technologies, modernization of production is carried out raws number of new products for different filds of industries. On these enterprises are widely used products from compositional organic materials. For solving the problems, concerned with the further development of productions of compositional elastomeric materials and the creation of competitive products, using local raw resources, the improvement of technological and technical properties are developed by new organic materials and ingredients, the composition staff on their base and obtaining technology.
In the world a number of research works on the creation of rubber and ingredients, the staff composition and obtaining technology of rubber - technical materials on their products base are being carried out: the development of new organic and inorganic fillers with nanoparticles; modification technology of mineral fillers with organic oligomers; synthesis of organic accelerators; the receipts of compositional elastomeric materials of different purposes with specific properties; dispersants and plasticizers for the improvement the technological properties of compositional elastomeric materials; the formulation and components of nanomaterials on the base of elastomeric composition and obtaining technology of materials on their base is one of the important problems of industry.
The given dissertational research in a certain degree serves the completing tasks, approved by Decrees of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan № PP-1071 from March 11, 2009 «About measures on organization of production of conveyor straps, agricultural and automobile tires in the territory of SIZ Ang ren» and the № PD-1072 from March 12 2009 , «About the program of measures on realization the most important projects on modernization, technical and technological reequipment of production from 2009 to 2014», as well as in other normative-legal documents adopted in this sphere.
The purpose of the research is developing the technology of modification mineral filler and obtaining the rubber technical -products of different purpose on their basis.
The scientific novelty of the research are the followings: offered Scientific-proved ways of modification of functional ingredients on the base of local resources, purposeful usage of which allowed to develop the obtaining technology of elastomeric compositional materials and products with the given structure and properties were suggested;
the structural changes of mineral fillers on modification concentration of free radicals were identified of causing to the identified;
the relationship between the structural characteristics, the nature of the surface of modified mineral fillers and rubber macromolecules was observed;
the role of sizing layer on the surface of mineral fillers in the process of mixing the composition and formation of vulcanizational structures, which allowed to develop of rubber technical products with specific properties was defined;
the influence of modified mineral fillers on the elastic, rheological, technological and technical properties of compositional elastomeric materials was determined;
modification technology of mineral fillers and obtaining rubber technical -products of different purposes on thir base was worked out.
Conclusions
1. The proposed were Scientific and technological principles of creation highly elastomeric compositional materials with the usage of structural and chemical modified bentonite of Uzbekistan were proposed. The received scientific results, technological developments were the basis for the creation of elastomeric compositional materials with the given structure and properties, physical-mechanical and exploitational characteristics.
2. The technology of structural and chemical modification of bentonite was suggested, suitable as a filler for the production of composite elastomeric materials. It was shown that the heat treatment of bentonite at 673 К lead to the structural changes, in particular to the increase of oil absorption and specific geometrical surface due to the occurrence of thermal- physical processes. Besides that, it was also observed the increase the concentration of free radicals, leading to the formation of paramagnetic centers, which were the basis for the evaluation of several properties system of elastomer filler.
3. The modified bentonite (modified low-molecular polyethylene and derived from pyrolysis) resin, products by oligomers, for elastomeric compositions were characterized its physical chemical properties. It was observed, its influence on the process of structure formation of rubbers. It was noted that yhe existing important role of intermediate size layer, consisting from systems of conjugated bonds, in the formation of structure elastomeric compositional materials of high thermal and radiational resistance.
4. The features of interaction of rubber macromolecules of different nature with modified bentonite were found out. The interconnection between the structur-al adsorptional activity fillers with technological and physical mechanical properties of elastomeric compositions.
5. The features of the of mixing process of elastomers with the worked out fillers on the base of bentonite (initial thermal-calcined modified bentonite), and their combinations with other ingredients it was found out that in the case criterion the degree of completing the process of dispersion filler of modeling mixing was the dimention of difference temperature (start and end mixing), definely in two characteristical points in the dependence from the rotational moment.
6. The technological and rheological properties of filled elastomer composi-tial, thermam-calcined and modified bentonite, where it was shown their optimum content in resin mixtures were studied.
7. The influence of modified bentonite to the kinetics of vulcanization of resin mixtures on the base of rubbers of different nature. Nevertheless, it was clarified the possible mechanism of vulcanization grid formation. It was shown that due to the multifunctional nature ofmodificators the possibility of combining the modifier content of vulcanizing agents, which allowed to simplify the technological stage of.
8. Preparing the elastic-resin mixtures properties of filled vulcanizators were analyzed, and it was shown that, the initial and resistant therma-calcinid bentonite exhibit effective action in non-crystallizing rubber at the level half-efforting types of fillers and modified bentonite effecting synthetic mineral fillers BS-50 and BS-75. The inhibitory effect of modified bentonite were observed at high temperature oxidative destruction of elastomers.it was shown. To show the possibility of directional regulation of technological and technical properties of elastomeric compositions due to the changing degree of filling and ratios ingredients.
9. The formulations of compositional elastomeric materials and technologies of their obtaining with the usage of the fillers suggested by us on the basis of bentonite were worked out. Their efficiency was confirmed in the productionof different kinds of resin - technical products. The results of scientific and technological developments were tested and implemented at the enterprises of JSC «yzkimesanoat», total economic effectof more than 500 million sum per year .

Subjects of research: clinker burning furnace dust, nitric acid, liquid and granular nitrogen-calcium fertilizer, gaseous ammonia.
Purpose of work: physicochemical substantiation and development an effective technology for the processing of clinker burning furnace dust to liquid and granular nitrogen-calcium fertilizers with the establishment of optimal production parameters.
Methods of research: chemical, X-ray, IR-spectroscopy, spectral.
The results obtained and their novelty: the regularities of the process parameters influence on decomposition of clinker burning furnace dust with nitric acid, were identified optimal technological parameters of liquid and granular fertilizers production and was developed an effective technology for their production, with the involvement of physico-chemical methods of was obtained data about composition of generated sludges and marked ways of their recycling.
Practical value: the results of the investigations have become a scientific basis for the creation of technology for the processing of clinker burning furnace dust to liquid and granular nitrogen-calcium fertilizer containing microelements.
Degree of embed and economic effectively: proposed technology has been tested on «Ammofos-Maxam» model set. Experimental batches of liquid and granular fertilizers were produced. The obtained data led to the establishment in principle of the technological scheme and production schedules. The economic effect of production of 1 ton of 100% N in nitrogen-calcium fertilizer in comparison with ammonium nitrate: for LACF-1 - 176100; GACF-1 - 284531; LACF-2 - 68375; GACF-2- 132684 sum.
Field of application: chemical industry and agriculture.

The actuality and relevance of dissertation theme. At present time in the world of ion exchange polymers found the wide usage in hydromctallurgy, in the purification of different productional and waste water, water treatment. One of the actual tasks is the creation and development of processes of obtaining ion exchange polymers, with high sorptional and selective properties, by further study of scientific fundamentals of management by explotational properties of obtained ion exchange polymers1.
During the years of independence, our Republic especial attention was paid to the directed obtaining weakly basic complexing anion exchanger with selective properties of ions of copper and molybdenum by polycondensation of furfural, benzohuanidin in the presence of polyethylcncpolyamine; synthesis of new polycondensation type ion exchangcpolymers based on furfural, compounds containing aromatic rings and increasing their resistance to chemical and thermal influences.
In the whole world the technology production of ion exchange materials of polymerization type on the base of monomers were established, such as divinylbcnzcnc, acrylic acid, acrylonitrile, vinylpyridinc and investigations directed to the solution of actual tasks arc being carried out. In the production of ion exchange polymers, it is necessary to consider a number of decisions, in particular, on the following areas: the development of methods of ion exchange polymers with high thermal and chemical resistant and mechanical stability; optimal conditions for obtaining the search of ion exchange polymers with high sorptional, selective and cxploitational properties; the creation of new technologies with the usage of existing monomers on the base work of local raw materials.
The disscrtational research adds the definite contributions to the realization of tasks, arising from the resolutions of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan № PD-1442 from December 15, 2010 «About priorities of industrial development of the Republic of Uzbekistan», № PD-1072 from March 12, 2009 «On program measures of important projects realization on modernization, technical and technological upgrading of production» and № PD-2298 from February 11, 2015 «On the Program of localization of production of ready products, complecting the products and materials for 2015-2019 years» and other normative-legal acts.
The aim of research is the development of technology obtaining a new thcrmical-chemical and radiation resiatant ion exchange polymers of polycondensation type.
The scientific novelty of the research is in the following:
the method of obtaining the thcrmical-chemical resistant of weakly basic anionites with complexing capacity to the ions of heavy metals by polycondensation of furfural with diphcnylaminc was developed;
a new polymer matrix by the way of polycondensation of diphcnyloxidc and furfural for introducing ionic groups was created;
the rcgularitions of dependence reaction polycondensation of diphcnyloxidc and furfural from initialmonomers, catalyst initial, temperature and etc. Were studied;
the technological regime of sulphonation and phosphorylation reactions was developed;
determined mechanical resistant, working interval and sorptional properties of the obtained sulphocationites in the relation with sodium ions, calcium and magnesium were defined;
the sorption ions of copper from copper-containing dcrinaige water in dynamic conditions of phosphorous cationites of the technology regeneration caitionite was improved.
CONCLUSION
1. By polycondensational diphcnylaminc with furfural was developed the method for obtaining a weakly basic anionite, having a high thcrmical-chemical resistance. The effect of reaction temperature, the ratio of the initial substances, the nature and concentration of the catalyst and others. On the properties of the obtained polymer based on the optimum of the recommended conditions for the synthesis of anion-exchange polymer of low basicity were investigated.
2. Joint polycondensational of diphcnyloxidc with furfural was obtained a new polymer which was used as a polymer matrix for the introduction of ionic groups. Sulfonation of the resulting polymer recommended new sulphocationite SK.DF, monofunctional sulphocationite, macroporous sulphocationite.
3. Investigated the reaction of phosphorylation obtained diphcnyloxidc furfurol polymer in order to obtain new phosphate cationite. Investigated the influence of the nature and concentration of the phosphorylating agent, the reaction temperature and duration of phosphorylation, nature and concentration of the catalyst on the properties of phosphate cationite.
4. Were studied the possibility of obtaining a monofunctional, polyfunctional and macroporous sulphocationitc and cationite containing phosphoric acid group. Using the equation of Brunaucr, Emmett and Teller (BET) for the calculation of the porous structure of the polymer were calculated pore characteristics cation, which confirms the value of belong to the polymer obtained macroporous cation exchanger.
5. Investigated and found that the resulting polymers were characterized by the high resistance to thermal, chemical resistance to water, air and aqueous solutions of alkalis, acids. The change of the basic properties and structure of the resulting phosphate cation exchanger under the influence of 60Co y-radiation in water and in the air. It was found that irradiation dose of 500 rengen/s at 25°C phosphate cation exchanger was resistant to radiation.
6. Kinetic data of the multifunctional sulfonic ion exchange with H+ —> Na4 and Na* —> Ca2* using diffusion equations were defined specific objects practical application of ion exchangers.
7. The principal of technological and reglament on obtaining of polyfunctional sulphocationite in cxpcrtly-productional conditions were suggested. Technology of obtaining sulphocationitc with the positive results was tested in the productional conditions at «Fergana chemical factory» where produced the expering cationites party of the pilot batch sulphonicationitc SKDF. The obtained experimental of sulphocationitc SKDF it was sent for testing under production conditions in water softening processes in boiler shops of JSC «Qo’qonsupcrfosfat», JSC «Qo’qonspirt» and LLC «Sarbon Baraka Biznes». Sulphocationitc was also tested in the process of purification of industrial circulating water at JSC «Uzmctkombinat». The expected economic effect from the implementation of obtained sulphocationitc in purification and softening drainage water JSC «Uzmctkombinat» showed 330 million soums per year.

The aim of research work is to develop sensors for optical tracking systems and to justify the requirements for tracking accuracy of concentrators for various purposes, development of computational and experimental methods for estimating the accuracy of optical and tracking programs.
Scientific novelty of the research work consists of the following:
the influence of the tracking accuracy on the energy and concentrating characteristics of point and linear solar radiation concentrators is determined and justified, it is shown that even for concentrators of solar furnaces, the effect of tracking accuracy on concentration and fluxes begin to appear at angles of more than two angular minutes;
optimal parameters of the optical tracking sensor that provide maximum difference signals at identical angles of error and have a field of view up to 600 arc determined;
a method and device for determining the non-vcrticality of the azimuth axis of rotation of concentrators and heliostats arc developed;
a technique has been developed for the experimental determination of the motion of concentrators and heliostats at the Sun;
developed an algorithm for program control of concentrators and heliostats, taking into account the non-vertical nature of the azimuth axis precession and nutation of the Earth's axis.

Topicality and demand of the subject of dissertation. The plasticity is one of the important independent scientific directions in continuum mechanics. The requirements for maximal using of strength reserves of materials, reduction specific consumption of materials, optimal designing in more cases depend from presence and account of plastic deformations in structure and are important problem of engineering practice.
Further development and improvement of products in machine-building, mining, aircraft building, shipbuilding, space technologies are connected with introduction of new materials, optimization of structural solutions, which include arbitrary combinations of manifold bodies working in conditions of complex loading. Consideration of inelastic in particular, plastic properties of material allows to redistribute local stresses uniformly along the whole bulk of metal; that lowers the risk of damage, allows to take into account reserves of bearing capacity.
In system of equations for boundary problems of plasticity the physical equations has great importance. These correlations have to realistically describe the mechanical characteristic of material. It should be noted that in plasticity the relations between force and kinematic characteristics do not contain time component, but are substantially conditioned by the succession of loads applied. The requirements of maximal use of safety reserve of materials, bearing capacity of structures, economic efficiency, optimal projecting depends on consideration of plasticity properties. It means that these inquiries are important and demand of practice.
The Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan in number 191 from 04.11.2012 "On safety modes of construction of auto transport vehicles" underline demands dissertation study. It is coming from new problems of the modern technology, where are widely used new material in vehicles working in condition of complex loading and under plastic deformation.
Development of effective methods of design, analysis and search of optimization solutions for strength problems, material-consumption of machine-building products by building determinant relationships for certain classes of multiparameter loading is an important component of solution of the problem connected with plasticity and is in demand in development of modern engineering. The study of properties of the functional of plasticity under multi-parameter loadings, the check-up of physical reliability of the theories of plasticity under different types of loading and derivation of new models of equations of state of the medium - considerably increase an efficiency of calculations in strength problems and present wide scientific problem of both theoretical and applied character.
Development of effective methods of design, analysis and search of optimization solutions for strength problems, material-consumption of machine-building products by building determinant relationships for certain classes of multiparameter loading is an important component of solution of the problem connected with plasticity and is in demand in development of modern engineering. The study of properties of the functional of plasticity under multi-parameter loadings, the check-up of physical reliability of the theories of plasticity under different types of loading and derivation of new models of equations of state of the medium - considerably increase an efficiency of calculations in strength problems and present wide scientific problem of both theoretical and applied character. Hence the investigations of complex loading in strength problems acquire now dynamism and new impulse to development.
Purpose of research is the development of theory of elastic and plastic processes, development of experimentally substantiated physically reliable constitutive relations for partial forms of complex loading, elaboration of numerical approach and algorithm for solution of plasticity problems with account of complex loading.
To achieve this goal the following tasks of research are solved:
determination of quality and quantity character of material properties under different types of complex loading;
determination of the limits of applicability of classical theories of plasticity in description of discussed processes of complex loading;
statement of fundamental non-linear properties of functional of plasticity under different types of complex loading;
building of theoretically and experimentally substantiated determinant relations for the solution of the problems of plasticity under complex loading;
investigation and explanation of the effect of decrease of work of plastic forming of material under complex loading;
building of algorithms for application of offered models in realization in numeric calculations.
Scientific novelty of dissertational research consists in the following: areas of physical reliability of the theories of plasticity are determined in respect to discussed processes of complex loading;
constitutive relation on the basis of experimental study of isotropic metals is built;
an equation of state for transversal-isotropic body is derived by experimental data and theoretical statements;
algorithm for numeric solution of the problems was built and realized for offered model of determinant relations;
convergence of CL-computer method was experimentally proved under different options of approximation of determinant relations;
possibility to decrease the work of plastic forming was revealed and proved under complex loading and the ways to reach it were shown;
method of design was worked out on the basis of offered model with the method of boundary integral equations with practical application for problem solution.
Conclusion
1. On the basis of theoretical-experimental studies the areas of physical reliability of “classical” theories of plasticity were determined for discussed processes of complex loading, which characterize the character of strain of construction material appearing in applied problems.
2. By theoretical and experimental approaches, convergence of the CL-computer method under different types of approximating correlations is proved. The qu-asilinear variant approximating correlations have an alike velocity to convergence with differential correlation for bi-linear loading processes. For loading processes with constant curvature after preliminary simple tension or torque the quasilinear variant of approximations have an alike velocity to convergence for material with strength factor v<0.8, but for material with v>0.8 only under small value of preliminary loading.
3. Fundamental properties of functional of plasticity were experimentally determined on the basis of experiments with different constructional isotropic materials. Approximations for angle of alteration and functionals P and N, also modified approximation for functional a are offered.
4. Constitutive relations, which consider complex loading of isotropic material are built. These models are reliable for plane problems of plasticity.
5. The model was built for the description of behavior of transversal-isotropic body under complex loading; it was experimentally proved that obtained model describes the processes of complex loading.
6. An effect of decreasing of work of forming of material under complex loading was revealed, conditions, under which the work of complex loading will be less than the work under simple loading, are derived.
7. The existence of solution of integral equation and its uniqueness at a selection of new options of constitutive relations was proved.
8. Algorithms of solution of the plane and axisymmetric problems of plasticity by direct method of boundary elements on the basis of complanarity hypothesis were offered.
9. The displacements discontinuity method was realized with the use of hypothesis of complanarity as an approximating relation in plasticity.

Relevance and demand of the subject of dissertation. Reception of materials with special physical, biological and chemical properties on a basis nanotechnology puts new problems all over the world. Under the statistical data, annually in the world for working out of materials on a basis nanotechnology arc annually spent 8-10 billion dollars the USA, including in the countries of Europe and the CIS 2-3, in industrially developed states of 6-7 billion dollars.
With finding of independence of our country the special attention is given to workings out of constructional materials based on high technologies where certain results on reception of new constructional materials on the basis of tungsten and reception of new materials on the basis of ultradisperse powders of tungsten hi-tech plasma-chemical arc reached by a method.
Reception of powders carbide metals and working out of new constructional materials with application modem scientific and technical means, is considered one of actual problems. In particular, reception of ultradisperse powders of tungsten also is one of current problems of today. As received plasma-chemical ultradisperse powders of tungsten completely answer with a method mechanical and to technology requirements their application is rather expedient. Besides, materials received on the basis of ultradisperse powders, completely answer physical, chemical and to the technology requirements shown to firm alloys. Therefore reception of materials with fine-grained structure has important scientifically-practical value. The data set forth above testifies to an urgency of a dissertational theme.
The given dissertational research in certain degree serves performance of problems provided in the decision of the President Rcspublic Uzbekistan LA.Karimov of software №530 from December, 14th, 2006 about «Distant-shcm development of a mineral raw material base of tungsten deposits of Republic» and in the decision of the President of Republic Uzbekistan of I.A.Karimov of software №1590 from July, 29th, 2011 «Measures of deepening of localisation of manufacture of finished goods, components products and materials on 2011-2013 on the basis of industry cooperation», and also in other is standard-legal documents accepted in given sphere.
Reasearch goal Working out creation of constructional materials with use of ultradisperse powders of refractory metals, and also theoretically is and experimentally to prove must industrial development of ultradisperse powders of tungsten in manufacture of composite machine-building materials.
For object in view realisation following research problems arc defined:
To spend thermophysieal calculation of change of the latent warmth of evaporation in plasma-chemical the reactor;
To develop technological positions of restoration oxide tungsten in the hydrogen environment;
To create new constructional materials with use of ultradisperse powders of tungsten and its connections;
To introduce design and technological corrective amendments in installation of hydrogen plasma restoration ПУВ-300;
To reveal conditions of reception of ultradisperse powders of tungsten set particle size distribution structure and to provide demanded passivation of powders and to investigate their physical, chemical and technological properties for reception of compact metal, fine powders of carbide of tungsten, firm alloys and composite materials;
Creation of a powder with reception demanded quality of a powder on the basis of the analysis of morphology, structure, phase and impurity structures of ultradisperse powders of tungsten;
To develop technological modes of thermal processing with reference to concrete kinds carbide tools with use of ultradisperse powders of tungsten.
Scientific novelty of research consists in the following: plazmyk the reactor the new design is developed for reception of ultradisperse powders of refractory metals;
The technology of pressing and sintering of materials from fine-grained powders metals is developed;
Methods of manufacturing cutting bimetallic tools and thermal processing of fast-cutting steels arc developed;
The technology providing uniform course of the latent thermal evaporation in the reactor plazmyk is developed;
The method of thermal processing of a fast-cutting steel of the adaptation providing to reliable work is developed for processing of metals at the expense of an optimum structural structure of bimetallic composites.
Conclusion
It is shown that by far the leading role played by plasma technology, which allows intensifying the process of obtaining pure metals, ensuring the preservation of their special physico-chemical and technological properties and the creation of materials with enhanced performance characteristics.
Grounded geometric and technological parameters of the new reactor for ПУВ-300 arc based on the modernization of the existing technologies.
On the basis of theoretical and experimental research and analysis of the results for the first time offer a comprehensive scientific, technical and technological methods and recommendations to identify further ways of development of high-tech processes in mechanical engineering, contributing to the development and expansion of scientific research, as well as being important for the sectors of the economy as a whole.
The following may be mentioned as the main findings of the research:
1.Study aerodynamic particle movement process of boiling a liquid-gas phase environment is scientifically proved and selected mathematical model to estimate the average speed of the fall in the output section of the jet nozzle reactor RSV-300, which made it possible to establish a pattern and change the latent heat from the basic thermodynamic factors: radiation power, thermal conductivity, density, and the duration of the plasma pulse.
3. For the first time proposed a new plasma-chemical reactor for the production of ultrafinc powders of refractory metals, to significantly improve the performance of the process equipment. It increases the degree of elaboration of the raw material and process control, as well as the dispersion of powder risen uniformity of particle size distribution, increased coefficient obtained action recovery process that is possible to obtain with the required quality characteristics of ultrafinc tungsten powders. The physical model of the reactor of the plasma torch for approximate calculation to determine the latent heat of vaporization.
4. It is demonstrated that the increase in output power has a significant impact on the increase of the latent heat of vaporization in the plasma torch reactor, which is the most important factor in energetic structure formation. Changing thermal conductivity material growth leads to a slow reduction of the latent heat of vaporization of the plasma torch in the reactor and increase the density о substance leads to a slower decrease of the latent heat of evaporation, as a result it is possible to regulate targeted structuring process.
5. Offered heat treatment regimes for passivation powders. It was determined that after discharging the oxygen content of the powder in it for 20 days reaches 2,0-2,65%, then not changing. To reduce the oxygen in the tungsten powder product proposed trap or graphite metallic-textile filters installed in the reactor. A method of passivation by entering with hydrocarbon feedstock and carrier gas bubbling through the fuel, which gave the best results and is used in research.
6. Offered a new method of manufacturing a bimetallic cutting and punching tools using ultrafinc tungsten powders. The basis of the invention is to improve the performance of the bimetallic cutting and punching tools, as well as the expansion of its range due to the reliability of the connection tool part and supporting part as a result of the interaction of the intermediate layer with controlled composition, its constituent components with adjacent layers of steel included in the composites.
7. A new method of manufacturing a bimetallic cutting and punching tools using ultrafinc tungsten powders. This will increase the range of applications of bimetallic cutting tools and stamps.
8. A heat treatment regime of the fast tool increases the reliability of operation due to optimization of structure of bimetallic composite. This will increase the tool life of high-speed steels.
9. A method of heat treatment of the cast bimetallic carbide tool to simplify the heat treatment technology and to increase tool life by 30-40%.