Volume 03 Issue 11-2023
36
International Journal Of History And Political Sciences
(ISSN
–
2771-2222)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
11
P
AGES
:
36-40
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
6.
713
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ABSTRACT
This article will talk about the strengthening of Soviet ideology and the efforts to raise the national identity. It has also
been analyzed that the Soviet politicized ideology was replaced by ideologies that were permeated with ideas of
independence.
KEYWORDS
Soviet power, political ideology, Soviet ideology, diversity of ideology and ideas, national self-awareness, human
dignity, national ideology, human rights, cultural policy.
INTRODUCTION
As we know, no state and country can live without
ideology. In the scientific literature, ideology is defined
as a system of ideological-theoretical views and their
implementation, in which the interests of a particular
social group, layer, nation, society, state, desire and
purpose-provisions are expressed. In fact, an ideology
that embodies and reflects the centuries-old dreams
and aspirations of the people is able to take a place
from the tribe and consciousness of the people and
unite it in the path of one goal, mobilize and direct it.
It is known from history that there were a huge number
of ideologies that represented the interests of a
different group, layer, ruling class and served them in
the history of mankind. For example, the Soviet
ideology that arose in the 20th century can be included
in the ranks of similar ideologies. Today it is becoming
increasingly clear that this ideology served political
interests in its time. By its fundamental nature, this
ideology was an ideology based on the violent
"communist idea", which, having set itself the goal of
building communism, put forward the ideas of the
state ideology, written on the basis of a state order.
This “communist idea” of the totalitarian system of the
former Union pursued a policy of alienation and
alienation of the Uzbek people away from their rich
spiritual heritage, history of the future, national
Research Article
CONSOLIDATION OF SOVIET IDEOLOGY AND EFFORTS TO ELEVATE THE
NATIONAL IDENTITY
Submission Date:
November 20, 2023,
Accepted Date:
November 25, 2023,
Published Date:
November 30, 2023
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ijhps/Volume03Issue11-08
Namozov Asliddin
Independent Researcher Of Uzbekistan State University Of World Languages, Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ijhps
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 03 Issue 11-2023
37
International Journal Of History And Political Sciences
(ISSN
–
2771-2222)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
11
P
AGES
:
36-40
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
6.
713
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
traditions, long-standing values, National spirituality.
As a result, this ideology could not be transformed into
a lifelong ideology due to the fact that it was not fed
from the spiritual veins of our people, and not based
on the ideas of the century - old principles of the
national self.
The core of this ideology was a classless society, a
theory of social equality (all-fold) that praised social
equality. It is known that any society in which material
interest is denied will have a short life. This ideology
created a contradiction and discrepancy between the
interests of the people and the state, with its rejection
of the feelings of the economic sphere, the people, the
interests of Man, which are considered the drivers of
the development of society. The society also drew on
ideas that were not spiritually historical-skinned.
Soviet ideology in the era of the former Union,
spiritually
–
theoretically based on the lofty slogan and
ideas of the Communist Party, fulfilled the function of
the ideological backbone of the Soviet totalitarian
regime. Even with the fact that the public good was at
the forefront of all the decisions and decrees adopted,
this ideology has been far from and far from the
people's pain and centuries-old dreams.
In this regard, the famous scientist A.O. Karimov notes:
“The Communist Party gradually gained its solitude.
This made it possible for him to freely interfere with all
the events that were happening in society. That is why
the policy of blindly not interfering with the cultural
processes of the first half of the 20s of the last century
has now gradually shifted to the practice of controlling
the cultural-maritime sphere. This second period lasted
approximately from the second half of the 20s of the
last century to the mid-60s-the emergence of a "new
idea" about developed socialism” [5,119
-123]. It is also
possible to understand that from the first years of the
establishment of Soviet power, he paid serious
attention to the issue of ideology from the policies he
pursued in the field of spirituality.
The resolutons of the violent regime, especially the
national consciousness of the Uzbek people, had set
out to enlighten their thinking, to eliminate the
manifestations of Jadidism (Arabic words that mean
“new movement”), which were the signs of
independence that they sacrificed as the first swallows
to make their identity known [6]. Somehow, on the
issue of ideological influence, the Jadids (people of
Jadidism) chose a very powerful "spiritual weapon",
like awakening the people with knowledge. In this
regard, the father of the Jadids of Turkestan M.
Behbudi as noted: “it is the indiscipline and ignorance
that made us oppressed, poor, and without a
motherland and dependent: celibacy, complication, -he
believed that error and humiliation are all the result of
ignorance and neutrality " [3,143
–
144].
The Jadids understood that without the receipt of
ignorance, large “disasters” that could occur
in the
future could not be overcome. Ultimately, these noble
ideas of the Jadids became unfulfilled. These
enlighteners, who were devotees of the nation, were
repressed and physically lost one after another on
various charges. Therefore, so that such currents
would not arise again, the Soviet authorities aimed to
create an ideology that was far from the new
Indigenous spirituality.
In particular, the period after 1917 is characterized by
the crisis, devaluation of the national-spiritual values of
the Uzbek people, as well as the emergence, formation
of "new socialistic spiritual values". The Bolsheviks
focused on “socialist values” as the most acceptable
way to “hold” other nationalities, as well as the Uzbek
people [4,91].
Volume 03 Issue 11-2023
38
International Journal Of History And Political Sciences
(ISSN
–
2771-2222)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
11
P
AGES
:
36-40
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
6.
713
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
As socialistic values, instead of placing a person and his
life in the main central position as a supreme value,
they showed values such as the monopoly of state
property, equality, general well-being, which are
actually aimed not at improving people's lives, but at
strengthening central power and serving to realize its
fundamental economic, political interests.
From the early period of Soviet rule, efforts were made
to lose religion from the morale of the people.
Somehow the religion embodied the long-standing
values of ideology, fulfilling the role of ideological
insolence in the way of strengthening its processes,
such as the realization of its national identity.
Historian scientist M.Mavrulova: “...therefore, the
official authorities perceived Islam as a serious force
against colonialism, Russification of the entire society
of Uzbekistan. That is why the fight against the clergy
began from the middle of the 20s of the 20th century
[4,92]. Because the history of the Uzbek people, their
rich spiritual heritage, was nourished by Islamic values
and became an important component of socio-spiritual
life. These values could not be easily erased from
popular thought.
In the 20
–
30s of the last century, the ruling Soviet
ideology carried out attempts to abolish national-
spiritual values in any way, to form its own new, Soviet
values. An article published in the newspaper “Pravda
Vostoka” (Truth of East) on 8 February 1925 noted that
old values began to lose importance in content and
form, as well as that the process of formation of
revolutionary values was slow [4,92].
A special place in Uzbekistan is occupied by the policy
of "scientific atheism", artificially conceived by Soviet
ideology without any religious justification, in the fight
against religious values that are important in the
system of national-spiritual values. "Scientific atheism"
had no scholarship. It was conceived only to realize the
political goals of the Soviet ideology of that time, to
justify the practical activities of official power in the
field of religion, religion [4,92].These ideas that served
politics were only a tool in the interests of the state and
towards its implementation.
The assessment of socialist society as a society free
from mistakes and shortcomings and the conduct of
politics, the disregard of the opinion of the broad
classes of the popular masses, in practice alienating
them from the work of managing society, turning them
into passive executors who perform only assignments
and orders, depriving them of the right to think,
innovate and make discoveries, etc. There were other
important factors that exacerbated the internal
situation of the socialist states in the USSR and Central
and southeastern Europe, creating conditions for
political-ideological non-stability in a situation where
democracy did not exist [7]. Indeed, historically it is
known that it was impossible to maintain empires with
coercion and violence. This was also one of the
important factors that weakened the former Union.
As a result, the main issues were left behind, and the
ruling party began to produce measures to preserve
only the countries under its control. Our First President
Was I.As Karimov noted: "the communist ideology that
prevailed for many years and one-sided economic
policy based solely on the supply of raw materials had
begun to show its destructive negative effects on a
large scale in each area. It is obvious and clear that the
Republic is far behind the Union average in all major
economic and social indicators, standing in one of the
last places in the country" [2,3]. It seems that the
problems that have been accumulating within the
country for several years have caused social discontent
in society.This situation caused the country to
Volume 03 Issue 11-2023
39
International Journal Of History And Political Sciences
(ISSN
–
2771-2222)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
11
P
AGES
:
36-40
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
6.
713
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
experience a surge in efforts to elevate its national
identity.
In the 80s of the last century, the efforts to elevate the
national identity were directly influenced by the first
president I.Karimov.
In order to truly correct the situation in our country, to
strengthen the outlook of our compatriots on life,
confidence in today and tomorrow, first of all, our first
president I, who deeply understood the need to
improve their economic, material situation. Karimov:
“We cannot live in the old age from now on and do not
allow the time itself to live like this, "openly declares
how glorious and responsible the new position is
entered into, reformism in its activities, and El-yurt's
anxiety remains the highest criterion” [2,5]. Therefore,
the communist ideology could no longer meet the
demands and needs of the national self-promotion
movements that were taking place in the country. A
new idea, a new ideology associated with national
identity
and
national
independence,
which
economically guaranteed its prosperous existence,
representing the centuries-old troubles of the people,
was necessary. First of all, it was necessary to improve
the economic-social situation.
On August 17, 1989, at an expanded meeting of the
Republican government in Tashkent under the
leadership of Islam Karimov, the issue of allocating
land and personal plots to the population is discussed
and the decision is made "to provide each family living
in the village with a roof, to provide them with all the
conditions for individual housing." This historical
document provided for the allocation of land from an
average of 25 acres to each inhabitant of the village,
and the increase in the area of the plantation by almost
4.5 times. As a result of practical work on this, more
than one and a half million families were allocated
additional land in 1989
—
1990, while 700,000 families
were given new tomato lands [2,9].
It should be noted that since this person was such a
strong politician and statesman, at a time when the
comunistic ideology of the former Union was
dominant, even in the conditions in which all systems
were in the hands of the center, all his efforts-every
speech, every lecture, the spirit of understanding the
national identity, respect for the history of Uzbekistan,
national independence.
Our First President I.Karimov comments on the reason
why our national morale was trampled during the
fo
rmer Union: “...whichever nation or country the
world's violent and aggressive forces want to
subjugate and subjugate, seize its riches, attempts first
to disarm it, that is, to lose its national values, history
and spirituality to be its greatest wealth”[
1,11].
Especially at the end of the 80s, efforts were
accelerated to restore the Uzbek language, to give it
the status of a state language. In particular, such
events, which were tried to hold various events
dedicated to the native language, began to be held
especially often on the eve of independence. In 1988,
information began to appear in the press about a new
holiday
—
the "language holiday". Articles were
printed in newspapers about the fact that such a
holiday was also held in the Russian Federation,
Ukraine, the Baltic and the Middle Republics of the
Caucasus, and in the capital of our country. The main
purpose of these celebrations was to honor the
mother tongue, to encourage a deeper study of other
languages along with the mother tongue [8].
On the eve of Uzbekistan's independence, under the
initiative and leadership of the first president Islam
Karimov, the issue of granting legal status to the state
language was put on the agenda, and on October 21,
Volume 03 Issue 11-2023
40
International Journal Of History And Political Sciences
(ISSN
–
2771-2222)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
11
P
AGES
:
36-40
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
6.
713
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
1989, a separate law “On the state language of th
e
Republic of Uzbekistan” was adopted. Thanks to this,
our mother tongue is growing to the level of an
important means of communication, which embodies
the symbol of our state, our national spirituality and
culture and fully delivers them to the next generation.
Today, its prestige at the international level is growing
and becoming an active means of communication.
The intensification of efforts to elevate the national
identity in the late 80s can be seen at the beginning of
efforts to solve the issue of artificial barriers to their
Hajj during the former Alliance period, one of the
darkest pages of the life of Muslims living in our
country.
Doctor of historical sciences, professor V.V. Naumkin
said Riyaz (a city in Saudi Arabia) was seriously
concerned for the absence of pilgrims from Soviet
Muslims in 1932. Moscow, however, had tried to
convince its collaborators that the affair was a matter
for the pilgrims themselves, and that the Soviet
government had nothing to do with it [9]. Indeed, with
such various reasons, artificial barriers were created
that prevented the Muslims of Uzbekistan from going
to the hajj pilgrimage. In fact, the main goal was to
erase the values associated with Islam from popular
thought and form a Soviet people with a unified
communist ideology.
It was in this way that after years of persecution from
1944 onwards, an important event such as the hajj
became a reality in the lives of Muslims in the former
Union, but only a small number of individuals went
every year [9].
While only a small number of people managed to go on
Hajj pilgrimages until the 90s, in the years of
independence, thousands of our citizens are lucky
enough to go on Umrah and Hajj trips.
In summary, although the Soviets had produced
various measures to strengthen their communist
ideology, efforts to elevate the national identity
continued to escalate. Because as long as there is a
nation, as long as there is a people it will never give up
its national identity. And the national self is associated
with national pride, national consciousness, national
feeling, national interests.
REFERENCES
1.
Karimov I.A. High spirituality is an invincible force. -
Tashkent: Spirituality, 2008. -B.11.
2.
Karimov I.A. Uzbekistan is on the eve of
independence.- T: Uzbekistan, 2011.-B.9.
3.
Abdurashidov Z. Mahmudhaja Behbudi. - Tashkent:
youth publishing house, 2022.-B.143-144.
4.
Mavrulova M. Regarding the situation of religious
values in the conditions of the Soviet regime. //
"Valley Magazine".- Andijan, 2020.-
№2(17).
-B.92.
5.
Karimov A.O. Consequences of the influence of
Soviet ideology on social cultural life. Innovation in
the Social Sciences. // online scientific journal. 2022.
2 (10), - B.119-123.
6.
https://e-tarix.uz/vatan-tarixi/478-vatan-tarixi.html
7.
https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sotsializm
8.
http://taqvim.uz/uzc/event/view/3751
9.
http://old.muslim.uz/index.php/rus/maqolalar/item
/9744
