Volume 03 Issue 11-2023
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International Journal Of History And Political Sciences
(ISSN
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03
ISSUE
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P
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:
30-35
SJIF
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MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
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(2022:
5.
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)
(2023:
6.
713
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ABSTRACT
Bukhara is famous all over the world for its history, culture, customs and historical monuments, and these aspects
have been attracting historians. O. A. Sukhareva is one of the leading scientists who researched the history of Bukhara.
Not only in Uzbekistan, but also in the countries of Central Asia, there are scientists conducting research in the fields
of history, ethnography, archeology, all of whom know O.A. Sukhareva well. In fact, Olga Aleksandrovna Sukhareva,
a specialist in the history of Central Asia, an orientalist, an ethnographer, spent almost 60 years of her 80-year life
(15.02.1903 - 22.01.1983) in coaching, that is, in various higher and secondary educational institutions for young people.
taught history, developed the field of museums and mainly contributed to the development of science.
KEYWORDS
Bukhara history, archeology, ethnography, Guzars, neighborhoods.
INTRODUCTION
Olga Sukhareva was born on February 15, 1903 in the
city of Samarkand. He studied the customs, traditions,
historical topography, toponymy of the cities of
Bukhara and Samarkand. In 1921, Olga Sukhareva was
admitted to the Turkestan Institute of Oriental Studies
within the Central Asian State University and
successfully graduated from this institution in 1925. On
February 15, 1940, he defended his candidate's thesis at
the ethnography department of the Faculty of
Philology of Leningrad State University. Until 1946, O.
A. Sukhareva worked at the Faculty of History of the
State University of Uzbekistan in Samarkand. He gave
lectures on the ethnography of the peoples of Central
Asia.
In 1946, O. A. Sukhareva came to Tashkent and worked
at the Institute of History and Archeology of the USSR
Academy of Sciences until 1967. In 1967, to O. A.
Sukhareva He came to Moscow and in 1968 he was
given the position of head of the Central Asia and
Kazakhstan
Department
at
the
Institute of
Research Article
ELUCIDATION OF ISSUES OF THE HISTORY OF BUKHARA GUZARS IN O.
A. SUKHAREVA AND HER STUDIES
Submission Date:
November 10, 2023,
Accepted Date:
November 15, 2023,
Published Date:
November 20, 2023
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ijhps/Volume03Issue11-07
Sadullayev Umidjon Shokir
O’gli
The Teacher Of History And Philology Department, Asian International University, Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ijhps
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
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Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
Ethnography of the USSR Academy of Sciences. O. A.
Sukhareva died on January 22, 1983 in Moscow.
LITERATURE ANALYSIS AND METHODS
The topic of his doctoral dissertation, which he
defended in 1963, was called "Bukhara in the 19th and
early 20th centuries: the city and its inhabitants in the
late Middle Ages", in which the scientist visited
Bukhara almost every year during the 50s and 60s.
collected rich information, interviews with elderly
residents of Bukhara, study of city quarters,
topography, inspection of historical works and tourist
information, in short, 10 years of research, and as a
result, several monographs were published. is enough.
These were published in 1956 "From the History of the
Khanate of Bukhara", in 1962 "The Late Medieval City
of Bukhara in the 19th - Early 20th Centuries. Handicraft
industry", in 1966 "Bukhara 19th-early 20th century: the
city and its inhabitants in the late Middle Ages". It is in
the 1st section of his last book that a lot of historical
information is given about the territory and
topography of the city of Bukhara, its geographical
location and nature, markets, caravanserais, historical
places, cemeteries, residents' houses, as well as the
construction plan of the city. In the late 19th-early 20th
century, about 30 guzars in the city of Bukhara were
named after a certain type of craft and their location is
clearly indicated in the work. That is, artisans and
merchants, who were one of the important social
strata of the population of Bukhara at that time, were
considered ordinary people on the one hand, but on
the other hand, they were ahead of the rural farmers
with their own funds. They were engaged in various
types of handicrafts, trained apprentices to continue
their craft, filled the market with their products, made
exportable products, supported the development of
foreign trade, and made a living by providing
merchants who provided import and export services in
mobile caravans. Including the weavers, goldsmiths,
coppersmiths, blacksmiths, degreasers, potters,
weavers,
bricklayers,
carpenters,
shoemakers,
strappers, goldsmiths, dressmakers, furriers, shown on
the map. In the guzars of tailors, tanners, pistachio
workers, etc., masters engaged in this craft lived and
worked, and of course there was a craftsman's
workshop in the guzar. If there is a demand or need for
a certain product, it is not difficult to find craftsmen
who make such products under the guzar name.
RESULTS
O.A. Sukhareva began her observations by researching
works such as "The History of Bukhara" by Muhammad
Narshahi, "The Book of Mullazoda" by Ahmad ibn
Mahmud and talking to the elderly people living in the
villages of Bukhara. Also, the scientist wrote a concise
history of each guzar, relying on the information of his
predecessors Parfenov and Fenin. The advantage of
O.A. Sukhareva's work is that she covered each case
individually. Therefore, the scholar's book provides
extensive information to those who know the history
of our city. L. I. Rempel tried to summarize the history
of Bukhara guzars in a new direction, depending on the
nature of their formation. In this way, interest in
Bukhara and its people continued. Each author
collected his work according to the standards of that
time and wrote it down for future generations. From
Muhammad Narshahi to today, writing about the
history of Bukhara and its Guzars continues. Apart from
that, we can find valuable information about the
Guzars of Bukhara in Sadriddin Aini's historical novels,
"Esdaliklar" and Abdurauf Fitrat's scientific and artistic
works. The history of all cities goes through stages of
development and crisis. When a certain historical
situation causes the expansion of the city's territory,
battles turn it into ruins. These reasons affect the
territory of the city and show the result to its residents.
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Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
The expansion and contraction of the city territory also
affected the number of people. Such incidents are not
unique to the city of Bukhara. The number of residents
of the city of Bukhara is given in different ways because
the given information refers to different periods1.
According to the works of Russian orientalists A.Kun
and L.I.Rempel, there were 197 guzars in the city area
of the 19th century. they note. G.Yu.Astanova reports
that at the beginning of the 20th century there were
200 guzars of the city of Bukhara, there were 25,000
yards, and the population was around 60,000-70,000.
Authors who wrote articles about the city of Bukhara
quote an exaggerated number of 360. However, only
Parfenov indicates the number of Bukhara guzars as
220.
DISCUSSION
So, at the beginning of the 20th century, we find that
there were more than two hundred guzars in Bukhara.
Looking at the names of the Bukhara guzars, we can
see that factors such as the occupation of the people
living there, the climate of the region, and the
geographical structure were taken into account in the
formation of those neighborhoods. There were
sozangaron, Pukhtabofon Zargaron, Charmgaron,
Urganjiyon, Sarakhsiyon, Uruson, Havzi Nav, Kochai
Bodom, Hammomi Karra, Hammomi kunjak, Eshoni
Imlo, Ghaziyan, Domullo Sher, Khoja Zainiddin and
other guzars. By the first quarter of the 20th century,
the number of Guzars was decreasing. According to
the list kept in the regional documents, in 1927 there
were 188 Guzars in the city of Bukhara. We see that the
number of visitors is decreasing year by year. The
destruction of the city fortress, the construction of
new streets, and the expansion of the territory caused
a decrease in the number of residents. At this point, it
is necessary to mention one more information, in the
internal structure of the city of Bukhara, there were
also geographical divisions in addition to Guzar. Such
places, whose ancient names have been preserved, are
called mavzes. Sources show that within the city of
Bukhara there were areas known as Sheikh Rangrez,
Turki Jandi, Joybor, Chashmai Ayyub, Registan,
Khiyabon,
Murdashoyan,
Sufiyan,
Govkushan,
Shahristan, Iskandar Khan, Kalobot. About two
hundred Guzars of Bukhara are united in the above
districts according to their geographical area.
18 in Sheikh Rangrez district: Sheikh Rangrez or
Darvozai Qavola, Arabon, Muhammad Qasim, Islam,
Khalifa Husein, Pochhoja, Mir Masud, Khoja Bulgor,
Kokilai Kalon, Kuyi Murgkush, Mirzabi, Chor
Caravanserai , Mulla Shamsi Muhammad, Khojakhalim,
Mahallai kohna, Alvonj, Eshoni pir, Mehtar Shafe'.
There are 20 Turkis in Jandi region Jandi or Tai pushta,
Khanaqoi
Chukmok,
Ghaziyan,
Sarakhsiyon,
Kosagaron, Mirakon, Kutlug, Mulla Hoki roh,
Postindozan, Sesu or Sesuki Tarrohi, Obi Ravon, Haji
Amonboy, Sheikh Shah, Mahallayi Nav, Barakion, There
were such guzars as Mahalla Amirabad, Garibiya,
Sahibzada.
There are also 20 districts of Dzhoybor: Waqf, Tai
Chorbog, Charmgaron, Dastarbandan, Abdulla Khoja,
Havzi Baland, Uzbek Khoja, Khalifa Khudoidad, Qazi
Zahid, Chagar, Shah Malik, Pistashikanon or Kalta
Khoja. Khanaqo, Pukhtabofon, Chukur Mahalla, Joyzor,
Shahri Nav, Urganjiyon, Havzi Navguzars.
The above-mentioned division of cities into districts,
their division into guzars, is also present in the cities of
other regions of the Bukhara oasis. In particular,
sources confirm that there were guzars with their own
names within the city-fort of Vobkent. For example:
Miri Kalon guzari, Miri Khurd guzari, Pokhsa guzari,
Masjidi Kassabi guzari, Puli Musicha guzari, Beklar
guzari, Kobz guzari, Namozgoh guzari, Sari Asiayi
Vobkand guzari.
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Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
CONCLUSION
Olga Aleksandrovna Sukhareva, a specialist in the
history of Central Asia, orientalist, ethnographer, has
carried out many studies on the history, ethnography,
archeology of Bukhara, and the works she created are
considered fundamental works in the study of the
country's history. He wrote down valuable information
about the territory and topography of the city of
Bukhara, its geographical location and nature,
markets, caravanserais, historical places, cemeteries,
people's lives, as well as the construction plan of the
city.
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39.
Retrieved
from
https://inlibrary.uz/index.php/science-
research/article/view/24078
