Volume 03 Issue 06-2023
36
International Journal Of History And Political Sciences
(ISSN
–
2771-2222)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
06
Pages:
36-40
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
6.
713
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ABSTRACT
In this article, based on the analysis of a wide range of sources, the history of publishing a newspaper in the language
of Bukharian Jews in Ferghana is considered. On the initiative of Rakhimim Davidbaev, one of the wealthy Bukharian
Jews, in May 1910 in the town of Skobelev in the Ferghana Valley, a newspaper called "Rakhimim" began to appear -
the first newspaper in the language of Bukharian Jews until July 1916, in which articles and poems, excerpts were
published from Russian and Jerusalem Jewish newspapers, a chronicle of Turkestan life, internal Russian and foreign
news, commercial information, feuilletons, congratulations, letters to the editor, references and announcements.
KEYWORDS
Bukharian-Jewish newspaper, hebrew, "Turkestanskie Vedomosti", "Rakhimim", Rakhimim Davidbaev, periodicals,
Skobelev.
INTRODUCTION
On a global scale, a lot of work is being done on issues
of national printed publications, the role of the press
(official and private) in the development of the
national economy, the material and technical base of
the press and personnel issues in it, the periodical press
and its types, the formation of an authoritarian
concept in the printing business, directions and
financing of printing and publishing in independent
states after the collapse of the Soviet Union. The study
of the history of the publication of the first newspaper
in the Bukharian - Jewish language in Ferghana is one
of the topical issues of the study.
LITERATURE REVIEW
On the history of the official and private newspapers in
the Ferghana Valley during the period of colonialism,
the scientific works of such scientists as S.B.
Research Article
FROM THE HISTORY OF THE FIRST NEWSPAPER OF BUKHARA JEWS IN
HEBREW IN THE FERGANA VALLEY
Submission Date:
June 07, 2023,
Accepted Date:
June 12, 2023,
Published Date:
June 17, 2023
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ijhps/Volume03Issue06-07
Dildora Alinazarova
Acting Associate Professor National University Of Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ijhps
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 03 Issue 06-2023
37
International Journal Of History And Political Sciences
(ISSN
–
2771-2222)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
06
Pages:
36-40
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
6.
713
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
Shadmanova, M. Avsharova, T.E. Ernazarov, R.
Aminova, T. Dzhuraeva, Z.I. Yuldasheva, R. A. Safarova,
A. Khakimova, A. I. Akbarova, A. Bobokhonova, G. N.
Chabrova and others. In these works, the stages of
development of periodicals in Turkestan in 1870-1925,
the history of printing Uzbekistan in 1925-1977, as well
as the formation and development of a private Hebrew
newspaper
in
Fergana,
written
using
new
methodological approaches.
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
In the course of the research work, methods of
comparative analysis, problem-chronological and
quantitative analysis, as well as methods of system
analysis and oral history were used.
Analysi
s аnd results. The study of archival sources and
literature led to the realization that the first printing
houses in the territory of Turkestan arose in the second
half of the 19th century[1]. In 1868, a small printing
house was brought from Russia to Tashkent, which
began working this year. Initially equipped with
primitive machines, the printing house printed mainly
stationery and forms. The first book published in the
printing house was the work of a famous traveler and
one of the first explorers of Turkestan - N.A. Severtsov
“Notes on a mountainous country near the peaks of
Chu and Naryn and on the ways through it to
Turkestan” [2].
In 1869, another printing house was brought to
Tashkent, designed to issue the official newspaper
Turkestanskiye Vedomosti, the first periodical in
Central Asia. The printing house also received an Arabic
script, which was used to print supplements to
Turkestanskie Vedomosti in Uzbek and Kazakh. The
first newspaper in Turkestan is Turkestanskiye
Vedomosti. The first issue was published on April 28,
1870 and was the official div of the Turkestan
Governor-General [3].
Official newspapers and magazines were supposed to
become the printed political organs of the state,
whose activities, naturally, were aimed at introducing
state ideology through the dissemination of official
information. It should be emphasized that the
newspapers
"Turkestanskiye
Vedomosti"
and
"Turkiston Viloyatining Gazeti" [4], published in
Turkestan in 1870-1917, unlike other newspapers, were
published for a relatively long time[5].
Along with state-run newspapers, private newspapers
in Russian began to be created in Turkestan in the
1890s. The funds of the National Archives of the
Republic of Uzbekistan contain documents of the
office of the Turkestan Governor General, which shed
light on the history of the creation of private
newspapers and their activities. It should be noted that
a large number of them were short-lived, due to
political motives[6].
For example, the following newspapers: «На рубеже»,
«Кокандские известия» [7], «Фергана» [8], «Новая
Фергана» [9], «Кокандский листок» [10], «Голос
Ферганы» [11], «Ферганские отклики», «Ферганская
жизнь» [12], «Утро Ферганы» [13], «Туркестанский
край»
[14],
«Туркестанский
голос»
[15],
«Туркестанское
слово»,
«Русский
Туркестан»,
«Ташкентский курьер», «Туркестанский курьер» [16]
и «Андижанский листок» [17].
There were also newspapers and magazines planned
for release, but did not receive permission from the
government, such as «Кокандские известия» (1905 г.),
«Наманган» (1913
-
1914 гг) [18], «Андижанский листок»
(1914 г.) [19], the magazine «Ферганская неделя» (1915
г.), the magazine «Туркестанская неделя» (1915 г. ).
Volume 03 Issue 06-2023
38
International Journal Of History And Political Sciences
(ISSN
–
2771-2222)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
06
Pages:
36-40
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
6.
713
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
Here, it is necessary to mention separately the
publication of a newspaper in the language of
Bukharian Jews (Hebrew) in Fergana[20]. On the
initiative of Rakhimim Davidbaev, one of the wealthy
Bukharian Jews, in May 1910 in the town of Skobelev in
the Fergana Valley, a newspaper called "Rakhimim"
began to appear - the first newspaper in the language
of Bukharian Jews until July 1916, which published
articles and poems, excerpts from Russian and
Jerusalem Jewish newspapers, a chronicle of
Turkestan life, internal Russian and foreign news,
commercial information, feuilletons, congratulations,
letters to the editor, references and announcements. It
should be especially noted that the idea of creating the
first Bukharian-Jewish newspaper arose from Kokand
entrepreneurs [21] at the end of the first decade of the
20th century.
Thus, the history of the formation of this newspaper is
as follows: in 1890, the repatriates founded a separate
quarter outside the walls of the Old City in Jerusalem -
Rehovor (Bukhara Quarter). Very quickly it turns into a
cultural and spiritual center of the community and the
main source of publications of Bukharian Jews in their
language. Maybe under the influence of the
Ashkenazim who settled in Turkestan, in 1910 in the
town of Skobelev in the Fergana Valley, a newspaper
called Rahamim or Rahimim (Mercy) began to appear -
the first newspaper in the language of Bukharian
Jews[22]. This newspaper was printed in Hebrew
letters and published on the initiative of R. Davidbaev,
who brought from Lublin all the equipment necessary
for the publication of the newspaper.
In July 1910, Rakhmin Davidbaev turned to the military
governor of the Fergana region with a request to allow,
under his personal responsibility, to publish the news
and articles of his own correspondents, as well as
excerpts on commercial issues from the newspaper
Voice of Fergana, but he himself soon withdrew his
petition. Probably, Davidbaev had reason to fear that
he would be denied this, and therefore decided to
publish such materials without attracting the attention
of the administration. Over time, the newspaper also
began to publish excerpts from Russian and Jerusalem
Jewish newspapers, a chronicle of Turkestan life,
internal Russian and foreign news, commercial
information, feuilletons, congratulations, letters to the
editor, references and announcements.
Basically, the newspaper published news from all over
the world, translated from Russian newspapers,
however, there were also materials on Jewish topics of
both general and local significance. The newspaper
was published once a week until 1916[23]. And what
attracts attention, being a private newspaper, was
printed in the official printing house "Fergana Regional
Vedomosti" and, unlike other private newspapers, was
published for a long time, although the path of
publication was not easy. In March 1912, the military
governor allowed the editor to open a printing house
in the house of his mother, Esther Davidbayeva, in the
city of Skobelev, where it was supposed to type the
newspaper, and printing was still to be done in the
printing house of the Fergana regional government.
Azaria Yusupov (Cohen), Rafael Galibov, Rafail
Khakhamov and Nisim Tazher also helped Davidbaev
publish the newspaper. But due to financial difficulties,
R. Davidbaev could not publish the newspaper from
January to mid-June 1913. During this time, he took a
number of measures that made it possible to resume
its publication. So, at the very end of 1912, he moved
the printing house from Skobelev to Kokand, to the
house of his uncle, Rafail Poteliahov.
At the beginning of 1913, he obtained permission from
the military governor of the region to transfer the
publication of the newspaper there. Having resolved
Volume 03 Issue 06-2023
39
International Journal Of History And Political Sciences
(ISSN
–
2771-2222)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
06
Pages:
36-40
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
6.
713
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
the issue with the premises, the publishing house in
June 1913 slightly increased the retail price of the
newspaper. Nevertheless, it is unlikely that the income
covered all the expenses of the newspaper, which
amounted to about 2 thousand rubles a year. After
moving to Kokand, Davidbaev continued to experience
problems with the premises. In June 1914, with the
permission of the military governor of the region, he
was forced to transfer the printing house and the
publication of the newspaper "Rahamim" to the house
of Aron Khaitov. On July 18, 1916, martial law was
introduced in the region, and the local administration
took measures to limit social activities. As a result,
many public organizations and press organs that were
not connected with the administration were closed,
including the first newspaper of Bukharian Jews,
Rahamim. Rakhimim Davidbaev himself was shot by
the Bolsheviks in 1918[24].
CONCLUSION/RECOMMENDATIONS
In conclusion, it should be noted that the periodical
press in Turkestan has its own history. She has come a
long way, accumulating a very rich experience in this
area. Most importantly, the periodical press of the
Fergana Valley has become an important reality in the
socio-cultural life of the population. The beginning of
this process in the country was caused by the socio-
political, economic, cultural necessity for the
government of the Russian Empire, and the creation of
a national press in the republic was especially difficult.
And the first ever private newspaper in the language of
Bukharian Jews played its role: for the Bukharian Jews
scattered throughout the cities of Central Asia and
who did not have a single community-religious
institutions or structures during the period of Russian
rule, Rahamim became an important unifying div.
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издательства литературы на местных языках в
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Volume 03 Issue 06-2023
40
International Journal Of History And Political Sciences
(ISSN
–
2771-2222)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
06
Pages:
36-40
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
6.
713
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
resource: http://elibrary.ru . [Date of the
application:15.12.2011].
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