Volume 04 Issue 11-2024
45
International Journal Of History And Political Sciences
(ISSN
–
2771-2222)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
11
P
AGES
:
45-52
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ABSTRACT
This article examines the social and political life of the formation of the culture of gentes in the societies of the Shark.
The appearance of gender culture, the means of development of society, the work aimed at ensuring gender equality,
institutional foundations, historical and economic factors were considered. The results of the study should reveal the
products that include gentes in the spaces of the Shark.
KEYWORDS
Gender culture, Eastern society, social aspects, political aspects, gender equality, legal foundations, factor factors,
social development, gender equality.
INTRODUCTION
Since the creation of humanity, attention has been paid
to the problems of men and women in their personal
relationships, the role of the defendant in society, the
family, gender equality and gender justice. To date, it
has been proven that ensuring gender equality in all
aspects of social life serves the development of the
entire society. Today's conference, which is being held
by the "Family and Women" Research Institute, is part
of the ongoing work to protect the rights and interests
of women in our country, part of the systematic
measures being taken, in which gender equality is
ensured. The main goal is to scientifically examine the
adjustment system and develop scientific proposals to
identify problems, promote gender factors among the
population, and exchange experiences on these issues.
There are also enough problems with self-control and
ensuring gender equality. Studying the problems of
Research Article
SOCIO-POLITICAL ASPECTS AND ANALYSIS OF THE FORMATION OF
GENDER CULTURE IN EASTERN SOCIETY
Submission Date:
November 09, 2024,
Accepted Date:
November 14, 2024,
Published Date:
November 19, 2024
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ijhps/Volume04Issue11-09
Feruza Rakhmonovna Davronova
Senior Lecturer of the Political Science Department of the Uzbek State University of World Languages, Doctor
of Philosophy (PhD) in Political Science, Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ijhps
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 04 Issue 11-2024
46
International Journal Of History And Political Sciences
(ISSN
–
2771-2222)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
11
P
AGES
:
45-52
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
women, training unemployed women in professions
that are in high demand in the labor market, and
providing employment are not systematically
organized, needing help and facing severe social
problems. The lack of effective organization of work to
provide socio-legal, technical and material assistance
to disadvantaged women, to remove them from the
state of correction, to correct the legal culture of
women, to support them in the right to protection of
their rights, to ensure security, to timely and fully
realize the potential of girls growing up in rural areas,
etc. are among these. Today, it is working to support
women, ensure gender equality, and increase the
activity of women in all aspects of economic, political
and social life.
METHODOLOGY
When studying civil society, scientists study the
relationship between the state and self-government
bodies and the third sector, the relationship between
civil society and democracy, civil society and the
market economy (as its analogue), the issue of citizen
activity in socio-political processes, the issue of
individual freedom, voluntariness and volunteerism in
civil society, the institutional aspects of civil society, its
interpretation through the idea of liberalism, as well as
the expansion of the activities of third sector
organizations in various fields, etc. Ideas regarding the
reform and improvement of the activities of civil
society and its institutions can be found in the studies
of political scientists, social scientists, and lawyers
from the CIS countries L.I. Yakobson, I.V. Mersiyanova,
E.L. Ryabova, E.V. Galkina [6]. These scientists studied
issues such as the institutionalization of civil society in
the modern era, the relationship between state and
civil society institutions, civil society in post-socialist
countries, the project of future civil society, the
development of civil society institutions in the modern
era, the impact of the transformation of political
processes
in
the
new
century
on
the
institutionalization of civil society. Research related to
the formation and development of civil society and its
institutions in the Republic of Uzbekistan began to be
carried out from the early days of independence. In
particular, a number of scientific studies were
conducted on the doctrine of civil society, its historical
development, institutional foundations, and the socio-
political principles of a legal state and a strong civil
society. The studies of political scientists A.Mominov,
N.Jorayev, I.Ergashev, U.Idirov, M.Kyrgyzboyev,
R.Jumayev, V.Kochkarov, G.Jamalova, M.Torakulov,
J.Mavlonov and others analyze the theory of civil
society, the stages of formation of civil society in
Uzbekistan, its specific features, aspects of civil society
related to the state political system, and the role of
political leaders in the democratization of state and
public administration [6].
Eastern societies have a centuries-old history and rich
cultural heritage, and the process of forming gender
culture also arose based on the social and political
characteristics of this region. Gender culture is a set of
cultural, legal and social norms that regulate the role,
mutual relations and rights of women and men in
society. In Eastern society, this concept is closely
related to historically formed religious, cultural and
traditional views. Eastern societies are usually
characterized by traditionalism and conservatism.
Here, the concept of gender is often formed based on
cultural and religious norms. Sharia law, customs, and
local traditions play an important role in determining
the place of women and men in society. For example,
in many Eastern countries, the main task of women is
to raise a family and raise children. Men, on the other
hand, mainly work in the economic and political
spheres of society.
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Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
The social structure of society plays an important role
in shaping gender culture. In Eastern societies, the
pursuit of gender equality has become more and more
important in recent years. If previously women were
mainly engaged in household chores, now they have
the opportunity to get an education, get a job, and be
active in various spheres of society. However, this
process is still limited by traditional views, and social
inconsistencies are observed. Reforms and initiatives
aimed at increasing the role of women in society are
widespread in Eastern countries. For example, in many
countries, women's rights are guaranteed in legislation
and measures are being taken to protect them [4].
Women's participation in the education system is also
increasing. The formation of gender culture is
inextricably linked to political reforms and state policy.
Currently, many Eastern countries have identified the
achievement of gender equality as one of the priorities
of state policy. For example, in a number of countries,
special quotas have been introduced to ensure the
participation of women in political processes.
At the same time, in some regions, women still have
little participation in the political system. The main
reasons for this include traditional views, family
obligations, and limited educational opportunities. In
Eastern societies, the education system is one of the
important factors in shaping gender culture. In recent
years, attention has been paid to the education of girls
in many countries, and their participation in schools
and higher education institutions is increasing.
Ensuring gender equality in the field of education leads
to increased social and economic activity of women. In
some societies in the East, gender inequality in
education and upbringing still remains one of the
pressing problems. Here, girls are often forced to
marry early and are deprived of the opportunity to
receive an education.
RESULTS
Religious views have a great influence on gender
culture in Eastern societies. Islam clearly defines the
relationship between women and men, their roles and
responsibilities in society. It emphasizes the respectful
attitude of both sexes towards each other. At the same
time, traditional cultural norms sometimes lead to
restrictions on women's rights. For example, in some
regions, restrictions on women's participation in public
affairs or free movement still exist. Today, changes in
gender culture are observed in Eastern societies [7].
Under the influence of globalization and international
experience, women's participation in social and
political life is increasing. International organizations
pay special attention to gender equality issues.
Ensuring gender equality is also identified as one of the
important directions within the framework of the UN
Sustainable Development Goals. The socio-political
aspects of the formation of gender culture in Eastern
societies are closely related to historical, cultural and
political processes. The role of education, legislation,
public attitude and state policy is very important in this
process. Efforts aimed at ensuring gender equality
contribute not only to strengthening the position of
women in society, but also to the social and economic
development of society as a whole.
Today, expanding the participation of women in state
and society building, raising their position in socio-
economic, educational, healthcare and other spheres
to a higher level is one of the important tasks. For this,
it seems necessary to make relevant decisions on
urgent issues related to ensuring equal rights of
women and men. In this regard, based on the Strategy
for Achieving Gender Equality, based on long-term
target tasks, achieving gender equality is implemented
in a number of program areas. These include ensuring
equal rights and opportunities for women and men in
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the civil service, socio-economic, family, and electoral
rights. The Strategy also provides for budgeting and
financing of state programs, taking into account
measures to ensure gender equality. In addition, the
practice of appointing women to leadership positions
in higher and lower-level state bodies is being
expanded. In order to improve the maintenance of
gender statistics, it is necessary to take into account
the performance of the tasks of an authorized official
stipulated by law in the systematic maintenance of
statistical data on the participation of women and men
in the informal labor market sector, as well as in the
socio-economic development of regions, in order to
analyze and monitor the gender situation in the
republic and regions, and on the use of opportunities
guaranteed by the state [2]. The presence and
strengthening of democratic institutions in civil society
is a decisive condition for the formation of the political
consciousness and culture of citizens. Such a political
system of civil society creates broad opportunities for
the development of the political and legal
consciousness and activity of the individual, and
stimulates it. The more democratic the political system
of society, the more actively a person participates in
political life and in the construction of civil society.
One of the important principles of a democratic society
is determined by the existence and activity of non-
governmental non-profit organizations. Civil society
institutions,
non-governmental
non-profit
organizations are currently becoming an important
factor in protecting democratic values, human rights
and freedoms, and legitimate interests, creating
conditions for citizens to realize their potential,
increase their socio-economic activity and legal culture,
and contribute to ensuring a balance of interests in
society. The opportunities created in Uzbekistan today
lead to a quantitative and qualitative increase in the
number
of
non-governmental
non-profit
organizations. The total number of non-governmental
non-profit organizations operating in the field of
protecting women's rights and interests in our country
is 400. It is worth noting that the factor of social
partnership is of great importance in the development
of civil society and in this process, the widespread
implementation of the principle of "From a strong
state to a strong civil society". Because, improved civil
society institutions have a unique role in ensuring the
rule of law and a democratic governance system in the
country, in the formation of the political and legal
culture of citizens and their active civic positions, and
in the implementation of a successful gender policy.
Regarding the role of non-governmental non-profit
organizations and other civil society institutions in the
development of the country, it is not for nothing that
our President Sh.M. Mirziyoyev emphasized [1]: “It is
worth emphasizing that the place and role of non-
governmental non-profit organizations in the reforms
we are implementing to build a free civil society and
protect human rights and freedoms is incomparable.”
Women's non-governmental, non-profit organizations
(NGOs) of Uzbekistan have done a lot of work in
implementing the ideals of gender equality in society
and continue to gain experience. By implementing
specific projects, influencing public opinion, and
popularizing and disseminating women's rights, they
contribute to the emergence of a truly civil society.
With the emergence of NGOs, new social relations
were formed and a women's movement emerged, and
the initiators of the creation of NGOs were women
themselves. These organizations have done a great
deal of work to study the specific problems and needs
of the female population. Women use new forms and
methods of NGO work, they are independent in their
activities and have the opportunity to create new jobs,
solve various social problems, and receive financial
support from various sources, including foreign
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International Journal Of History And Political Sciences
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development funds. Their activities contribute to a
clearer understanding of women's rights, to condemn
the violation of such rights, and to denounce violence
against women [3]. They protect the interests of
women, help solve their problems, provide women
with information about their rights and ways to protect
these rights, often provide impetus for progressive
changes, and make a significant contribution to
increasing the role of women in the decision-making
and development processes of a democratic society.
In 2020, the number of women in the workforce fell by
54 million, with 45 million women leaving the labor
force altogether. Women face higher job losses than
men, and the unpaid burden of caring for their families
is increasing. Women still account for more than a third
of graduates in science, technology, engineering and
mathematics. More than 1 billion people around the
world live in informal settlements and slums. In these
often densely populated areas, women and girls suffer
from a lack of access to basic water and sanitation,
healthcare and transportation. Women activists,
scientists and researchers are working hard to tackle
the climate crisis, but many women do not have the
same platforms as men to share their knowledge and
skills. Only 29% of speakers at international ocean
science conferences are women. Indeed, the
empowerment of women is considered one of the
most important factors in accelerating the process of
sustainable development. Today, it is important to
determine the level of development of countries in the
social, economic, political, legal and cultural spheres
and their place in global development. In particular, it
is possible to assess the situation in any country in the
relevant areas through ratings and indices compiled in
order to show the position of countries relative to each
other according to various indicators [5]. There are a
lot of ratings and indices that determine the position of
countries, and they determine the position of countries
according to various criteria. In particular, there are
many ratings and indices that assess the situation in
countries around the world on gender issues, and
before discussing them, it is necessary to dwell on the
various ratings and indicators that assess countries
around the world. In general, today, many separate
ratings and indices are being conducted on the
achievement of gender equality, the state of gender
equality in countries, as well as sub-indices and
indicators within other ratings. Today, special
attention is paid to the issue of improving the position
of our country in international ratings and indices in all
areas, including ratings and indices on gender issues. In
recent years, a number of regulatory and legal
documents have been adopted on this issue, which,
among other things, identify those responsible for
improving Uzbekistan's position in gender-related
ratings and indices, as well as in various ratings and
indices. Gender indicators, which are used as a tool for
assessing gender inequality in the system of social
indicators, have rightfully taken their place. Gender
indicators disaggregate data by gender, age group and
socio-economic characteristics [8]. They are designed
to show changes in the relations between women and
men in a given society, over a certain period of time.
Indicators are also a means of assessing the process of
implementing specific measures aimed at achieving
gender equality. This approach allows for effective
monitoring and evaluation of projects and programs
from the perspective of social justice, discrimination,
and human rights violations. Gender indicators reveal
changes that indicate changes in the status and roles
of women and men in society.
DISCUSSION
Gender indicators include direct indications of
women’s performance against a specific regulatory
standard. They are a necessary and useful component,
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in conjunction with other evaluation techniques, for
measuring the results of government activities, both in
general projects and in specific initiatives implemented
in a country aimed at taking into account the interests
of the socio-sexual population. Indicators are criteria or
measurements against which changes can be assessed.
They can be indicators, facts, figures, opinions or
perceptions that are used to indicate changes in
specific conditions or progress towards specific
go
als8,9 . A “gender
-
responsive”, “gender
-
sensitive”
or simply “gender” indicator measures gender
-related
changes over time. Gender indicators can refer to
quantitative indicators based on sex-disaggregated
statistical data, such as those providing separate
literacy rates for men and women. Gender indicators
can also capture qualitative changes, such as increases
in women's empowerment or changes in attitudes
towards gender equality [9]. Gender equality measures
can look at changes in the relationship between men
and women, the outcomes of specific policies,
programmes or activities for women and men, or
changes in the status or circumstances of men and
women, such as poverty or participation rates.
Gender is the difference between men and women
according to anatomical sex, a social division that is
often based on anatomical meaning, but does not
always correspond to it. Sex refers to biological
characteristics, according to which people are divided
into the categories of “men” and “women”. Social
scientists approach the concept of gender as follows:
“Gender” is a social, biological condition, a set of
sexual relations between men and women”. There are
several different interpretations of the concept of
gender in the literature. In particular, philosophers
descr
ibe it as follows: “Gender” is an English word that
means the social aspects of belonging to sex. This
concept takes into account not only the biological
difference between men and women, but also the
whole complex of social and cultural characteristics in
the sexual division of society. It expresses the social
affiliation, behavior and expected results that are
characteristic of men and women. Social scientists
approach the concept of gender as follows: “Gender”
is a social and biological condition, a complex of sexual
relations between men and women. Psychologists also
approach the concept of gender in their own way: “The
gender foundations of the psyche are gender and the
social stereotypes associated with it, the psychological
appearance of the individua
l.” Gender equality refers
to the understanding that women and men are equally
human, and of course, it means adhering to the
principle of equality in organizing the education
system, although each of them has different needs
[10]. Gender equality is also defined as creating a social
environment in which individuals can fully and freely
develop all their talents, and eliminating all social and
political obstacles to this environment. Therefore, this
means equal participation of persons of different sexes
in all spheres of social life. Equality is, first of all, one of
the basic conditions. This is a human right. Failure to
ensure this right constitutes a violation of human
rights. Because the most important thing in the field of
fundamental rights and freedoms is one of the tasks of
ensuring equality between men and women. Ensuring
equality of women with men is to prevent any
discrimination based on social gender in the family, in
the educational process, in work, in general, in all areas
of social life, to have the right to equal rights and
opportunities for women and men. When people do
not conform to established patterns of gender norms,
relationships or roles, they often experience
discriminatory practices or social exclusion, all of which
negatively affect a person's health. Gender norms
affect the availability of resources and the ability to
manage the resources necessary to achieve optimal
health outcomes, including:
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–
economic resources (income, credit);
–
social resources (social networks);
–
political
resources
(leadership,
political
participation);
–
information and educational resources (health,
education and scientific resources);
–
time (access to health services);
–
internal resources (self-confidence / self-esteem) [11].
The strategy for achieving gender equality includes a
set of mechanisms used to promote gender equality in
society and reduce gender-based discrimination. The
implementation of these strategies will increase
awareness of gender equality, prevent gender-based
discrimination and allow women to take more leading
roles in society. However, much more needs to be done
before humanity can fully ensure equality between
women and men based on their rights and
opportunities. First, all forms of gender-based violence
must be eliminated, and women, girls, and men, as well
as children, must have equal access to education,
health care, and economic resources. In addition, equal
opportunities must be created for their participation in
political life. This also applies to the issue of women
finding employment and being appointed to leadership
positions.
Factors that contribute to the formation and
maintenance of gender roles are the family, social
environment, school, and the media. The family is the
first step in children's socialization and acquaintance
with the outside world. Education and the social
environment also form and strengthen the image of
society received from the family. The media often
publish messages that reflect gender roles. According
to researchers, children can distinguish physical
differences between the sexes after the age of two,
and from the age of three they can associate gender
with certain behaviors. During this period, gender roles
begin to form in their minds. Therefore, it is of great
importance to form an awareness of gender equality,
first in the family, then in schools and in the social
environment. Parents are the first to raise awareness
of gender equality in children. It is very important for
parents to offer their children gender-neutral activities,
avoid using gender stereotypes to explain certain
behaviors, and not impose certain requirements on
them. To ensure awareness of gender equality, no child
should feel uncomfortable in certain places because of
their gender [12]. In conclusion, it can be said that the
implementation of the gender strategy reforms in our
country allows us to eliminate inequality between
women and men in political, economic, social, and
other areas, and to improve the image of the Republic
of Uzbekistan in the international arena. The main goal
of the gender strategy is to ensure true equality
between women and men, regardless of race,
nationality, language, religion, social origin, beliefs,
personal and social status, which has created equal
opportunities for women to participate equally with
men in all areas of social life and activity, including
politics, economics, law, culture, education, science
and sports, and to lead decision-making.
CONCLUSION
According to research conducted by scientists, the
main status positions of women, determined by a
number of indicators, are briefly described. The main
ones are: administrative and political power; the size
and nature of property (goods or capital, i.e. economic
power); the size and nature of income; moral reward,
prestige, influence (moral power); working conditions;
prospects for vertical upward social mobility; free time.
From the above classification, it becomes clear that the
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gender aspect of human rights and freedoms should
be considered as the basis for the functioning of
society. After all, it is impossible to talk about the real
development of humanity without taking into account
the gender factor. In addition, in almost all countries,
women make up half or even the majority of the
population. At the same time, today they are deprived
of many opportunities in economic and political life
compared to men. Gender inequality in society persists
due to stereotypical ideas about men and women.
Despite the fact that many countries around the world
have ratified the Convention on the Elimination of All
Forms of Discrimination against Women, in reality,
women's rights are constantly violated in society, in
the family and at work. The forms of gender-based
rights violations are very diverse, ranging from direct
violations of equal rights, such as in hiring and firing, to
the creation of specific obstacles to women's
enjoyment of their rights.
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сиѐсий
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сиѐс
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фан
.
ном. ... дисс. –Т., 2006.;
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Жўра
қ
улов
Ф
.
Н
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Фу
қ
аролик
жамиятини
қ
уриш
шароитида
давлат
ижроия
ҳ
окимияти
тизимини
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Шотурсунова Н. Ўзбекистонда гендер сиѐсати
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оширишда
фу
қ
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иштирокининг
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//
Оилавий
-
ҳ
у
қ
у
қ
ий
муносабатларда
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