Volume 04 Issue 11-2024
53
International Journal Of History And Political Sciences
(ISSN
–
2771-2222)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
11
P
AGES
:
53-57
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ABSTRACT
The most important task on the way to building a democratic state governed by the rule of law in the countries of the
Central Asian region is the creation and development of independent, sustainable civil society institutions supported
by broad sections of the population, including non-governmental non-profit organizations. Republic of Kazakhstan.
KEYWORDS
Population, non-profit organizations, non-governmental organizations.
INTRODUCTION
The most important task on the way to building a
democratic state governed by the rule of law in the
countries of the Central Asian region is the creation and
development of independent, sustainable civil society
institutions supported by broad sections of the
population, including non-governmental non-profit
organizations. Republic of Kazakhstan. Analysis of the
activities of the NGO sector in the republic shows their
active development in the direction of implementing
public initiatives. In the regional context, NGOs
operating in the country are distributed unevenly
across its territory: the process of formation and
development of the non-governmental sector is
currently taking place only in the economic and cultural
centers of the republic, mainly in Almaty and Astana, as
well as in the industrially developed Karaganda, East
Kazakhstan and South Kazakhstan regions. The
activities of NGOs are characterized by a certain
"contrast" with a bias towards solving, first of all, social
problems. The division by sectors of operation
demonstrates the demand for socially oriented
structures, which indicates the severity of social
Research Article
MAIN AREAS OF ACTIVITY OF NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS
IN CENTRAL ASIA
Submission Date:
November 20, 2024,
Accepted Date:
November 25, 2024,
Published Date:
November 30, 2024
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ijhps/Volume04Issue11-10
Murzaeva Shakhlo Bakhtiyorovna
Tashkent Institute of Chemical Technology, Doctoral student of the Department of "Social and Political
Sciences", Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ijhps
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 04 Issue 11-2024
54
International Journal Of History And Political Sciences
(ISSN
–
2771-2222)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
11
P
AGES
:
53-57
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
problems. Approximately 42% of NGOs specialize in
organizing services in the public sphere: in education,
healthcare, culture, 24% ensure the protection of the
interests of socially vulnerable groups of the
population, 34% are involved in human rights activities,
ecology and gender policy.
The non-governmental sector employs over 200
thousand people, and the services of the domestic
third sector cover about 2 million citizens2.
Nevertheless, it should be noted that today in the
republic only about 1,000 NGOs actually operate
(according to sustainability criteria), which is
considered a relatively low figure. Based on the general
republican, regional and sectoral characteristics, the
subjects of the non-governmental sector are grouped
by the degree and nature of their corporate status. For
example, such associations as the Association of
Independent Non-Governmental Organizations of
Kazakhstan (ANNOK), the Confederation of Non-
Governmental Organizations of Kazakhstan (KNOK),
the Association of NGOs of Kostanay Region, the
Association of NGOs of Kyzyl-Orda Region, the Forum
of Environmental NGOs, and in addition, the so-called
"NGO networks", for example, the Asian Society for
the Protection of the Rights of the Disabled "Zhan",
which unites similar organizations in the region, etc.
have been created and operate in the country1. 49 It
can be stated with a certain degree of certainty that
the non-governmental sector of the Republic of
Kazakhstan has already come a long way in its
development and the following groups have formed
among the NGOs of the republic: 1) socially significant
(women's, for the protection of the vulnerable part of
the population, providing citizens with social charities,
working in the field of health care); 2) socio-political
(human rights, services, environmental, youth,
analytical,
associations
of
non-governmental
organizations, etc.); 3) reformist (industry associations
working in the field of education and culture)2.
Currently, about 5,000 NGOs are registered in the
Republic of Kazakhstan, in total, about 200 thousand
people are involved. About 40 thousand people work
on a permanent basis, up to 50 thousand people on a
temporary basis, and more than 100 thousand people
on a voluntary (volunteer) basis. About 2 million people
receive various types of services from NGOs. The Law
of
January
16,
2001
"On
Non-Commercial
Organizations" is of an exclusively permissive and
regulatory nature and is aimed primarily at ensuring
state control over the activities of NGOs. Civil society
institutions are developing, but do not have a specific
influence on the policy pursued by the government of
Kazakhstan. Thus, an analysis of the activities of NGOs
in the republic as a whole shows that elements of civil
society in Kazakhstan are developing, and the state is
helping in this process, realizing the importance of
supporting NGOs to solve the socio-political problems
of society. The Republic of Kyrgyzstan. An analysis of
available materials shows that Kyrgyz NGOs have
reached their maximum quantitative indicators.
Currently, there are more than 5,000 NGOs in the
republic. According to the law "on non-commercial
organizations", the state guarantees them conditions
for normal functioning and prohibits interference by
state bodies in their activities. Nevertheless, in 2007,
the head of the Ministry of Justice M. Kaipov instructed
the registration department of his department to
conduct an inspection of all NGOs receiving foreign
funding, justifying this by the need to find out which
NGOs threaten the national security of Kyrgyzstan. The
activities of a number of NGOs entail negative
consequences, since the degree of influence on the
formation of public opinion in the republic is much less
than abroad. At best, society ignores this impact, at
worst, it becomes an ideological basis for destabilizing
the situation and creating tension between citizens
and the government. As previously indicated, the most
Volume 04 Issue 11-2024
55
International Journal Of History And Political Sciences
(ISSN
–
2771-2222)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
11
P
AGES
:
53-57
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
well-known NGOs have been subject to politicization
and have transferred their main field of activity to the
political space, thereby beginning to influence the
decisions of the state authorities. Given the
unconsciousness of the actions of the masses and the
lack of responsibility for the consequences, NGOs
artificially and quite noticeably destabilize the socio-
political situation and provoke the population to
sometimes
unconscious
protests
against
the
government. In the absence of their own
administrative and financial resources, NGOs, as a rule,
become the object of manipulation by third political
forces and are used by them as a handy tool in the
struggle for power. In general, today it is possible to
predict the future scenario of the further development
of the civil movement in Kyrgyzstan.
Civil society representatives will strive to obtain a share
of state power. At the same time, attempts to keep all
NGOs within their orbit will be impossible without
pouring large resources into them. This situation will
not last long, since the leaders will quickly exhaust their
resources, and their political activity will quickly come
to naught, greatly discrediting the civil movement both
within the republic and beyond. For this reason, NGO
leaders will lose international support and funding, and
many organizations will simply cease to exist. At the
same time, the non-governmental sector will seriously
undermine the state's trust in international institutions
for the support and democratization of civil society.
The state will be forced to reconsider its loyal attitude
towards NGOs. As a result, the prestige of the state will
suffer, as well as society, since an insignificant
percentage of NGOs that create tangible social
benefits for individual target groups will still continue
their "quiet" existence in the new conditions. Thus,
NGOs can become working not against the state, but
together with it, on a partnership basis, solving social,
political and economic problems. At the same time, the
level of efficiency of using both budget and investment
funds will increase. This path of development of civil
society, according to minimum estimates, will take at
least 10 years, but it seems to be the most favorable for
the country as a whole. Republic of Tajikistan.
According to preliminary data of the Ministry of Justice
(MoJ) of the Republic of Tajikistan for 2008, the
number of NGOs registered in the republic is
decreasing threefold. However, experts believe that it
is not the number of public organizations that is
important, but the quality of their work. Up to January
1, 2008, almost 3,200 NGOs were registered with the
MoJ of Tajikistan. By the beginning of this year, the
MoJ had registered 1,040 organizations since the
adoption of the new law "On Public Associations" last
spring. Some NGOs are focused on solving the
problems of local communities. The priorities in their
activities are the implementation of socio-economic
projects. According to the coordinator of the project
"Development of Civil Society in Tajikistan" Yu.
Yusufbekov, government agencies are interested in
monitoring the activities of NGOs. At the same time, all
the surveyed representatives of government agencies
recognized the usefulness of the activities of public
organizations, assessing cooperation with them as
"satisfactory". There is no sponsorship of civil society
organizations (CSOs) by government agencies at the
local level in Tajikistan. At the same time, CSOs are well
aware that poor relations with local authorities may
lead to problems in implementing their projects. There
are also representative offices of about 20
international NGOs in Tajikistan. In particular, the
representative office of the Aga Khan Foundation, TF
OSI (Tajik branch of the Open Society Institute - Soros
Foundation), Mercy Corps, Save the Children, ACTED,
the American Bar Association and others. However,
according to a survey conducted at the end of last year
as part of a study of public opinion about civil society
Volume 04 Issue 11-2024
56
International Journal Of History And Political Sciences
(ISSN
–
2771-2222)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
11
P
AGES
:
53-57
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
organizations, people, including government officials
and business representatives, are little familiar with
the work of NGOs and have a poor understanding of
their role and importance. Hence the ambiguous
attitude of citizens towards their activities. 42% of
respondents are satisfied with the activities of public
organizations in their region, but 32% expressed
dissatisfaction with the work of local NGOs.
Respondents from Dushanbe noted that most of these
organizations
53 work with a limited circle of people - with their
target group and not
solve real problems. Thus, according to the head of the
training programs of the National Association of
Independent Mass Media of the Republic of Tatarstan
N. Rakhmonberdyev, there are signs of corruption in
the activities of some organizations and NGOs often
appropriate the grants they receive. Respondents
from the city of Kulyab are of the opinion that there are
practically no organizations involved in human rights
activities, civil liberties, consumer protection, and that
for the most part NGO projects are random and
contribute to solving society's problems.
In general, to improve the situation in Tajikistan with
an understanding of the role
NGOs in society and to increase the effectiveness of
their activities, they need to become more open and
accessible to citizens. In addition, they need to have
their own printed publication and airtime on television,
and also to popularize their activities more often
through holding all kinds of forums and exhibitions.
But first, it is necessary for these activities to have
results, and not just exist in statutory documents. The
Republic of Turkmenistan. Analysis of the activities of
NGOs in Turkmenistan indicates a difficult situation in
this area.
Last year, only two local community group projects
were implemented in
Turkmenistan received a certificate of registration
from the Ministry
economy and finance. Meanwhile, dozens of projects
from the 2007 non-governmental (public) sector have
still not been registered. And since the "Law on Public
Associations" prohibits the implementation of
unregistered projects, local communities and public
organizations have been unable to begin their activities
on projects for almost a year. The registration
procedure was changed with the arrival of the new
president of the country. The State Service for Foreign
Investments under the President of Turkmenistan,
where grants received by local communities or NGOs
were previously registered, was closed. Now, those
who win grant competitions submit documents to the
Ministry of Economy and Finance, and receive (if they
receive one) certificates of project registration at the
State Institute of Manuscripts of Turkmenistan.
Projects have not been registered for almost a year.
Perhaps this is a polite form of refusal, believe public
activists
participating
in
the
Counterpart
-
Turkmenistan "Local Initiatives for Development"
(MID) Program, which was launched in 2006. The
international organization's four-year public initiative is
aimed at rural activists who are able to stir up the civic
activity of local residents with the help of grant
support. The program has received accreditation from
the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Turkmenistan, but as
practice shows, this is not enough to implement it. For
two years, there has not been a single project
implemented on the ground, that is, in rural areas.
Although, according to members of the Counterpart -
Turkmenistan grant committee, dozens of projects
Volume 04 Issue 11-2024
57
International Journal Of History And Political Sciences
(ISSN
–
2771-2222)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
11
P
AGES
:
53-57
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
have been approved. The special services of
Turkmenistan constantly put pressure on public
activists and representatives of local authorities
participating in the MIR Program, but due to the fact
that projects continue to appear, they come up with
other means of combating public activity. Now the
special services are slowing down activity through the
Ministry of Economy. In general, the difficult situation
in this area in the republic will persist, thus the
development of the public sector in the medium term
will have a regressive tendency.
Thus, in the regional context, it can be stated that the
development of NGO activities in the CAR countries is
uneven. A necessary step should be the involvement of
public associations in the development and
implementation of regional social programs. The
shortest way to this is through the mechanism of social
order. In these conditions, it is considered appropriate
to consolidate the activities of NGOs within regional
organizations for their joint solutions to problems of
various natures and, in particular, in the area of
ensuring national security.
REFERENCES
1.
According to the National Information Resource
Center of Non-Governmental Organizations of the
Republic of Kazakhstan http://www..npo.kz.
2.
There same.
3.
Bukhari-zade N. The number of non-governmental
organizations in Tajikistan has decreased three
times. // Deutsche Welle. 08.01.2008.
