International Journal Of History And Political Sciences
30
https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ijhps
VOLUME
Vol.05 Issue04 2025
PAGE NO.
30-32
10.37547/ijhps/Volume05Issue04-07
Characteristics and Development of Individual Culture
of Fergana Valley (Example of Shorabashot Agricultural
Culture)
Abdumuxtor Abduxalimovich Xakimov
t.f.f.d PhD, Associate Professor, Andijan State Technical Institute, Head of the Department of Languages and Humanities, Uzbekistan
Received:
12 February 2025;
Accepted:
13 March 2025;
Published:
10 April 2025
Abstract:
This article discusses the organization, geographical location, socio-political, economic conditions of the
archaeological site of Shorabashot, which is located in the Fergana Valley region before the advent of Islamic
civilization and is considered to belong to the ancient period of particular importance. significance in the history
of the valley, the studies conducted by archaeologists are analyzed. The Shorabashot monument is an
archaeologically important territory. The processes of urbanization formed here and the connections between
other ancient cities are mentioned. The history of its study and information based on the findings of scientists are
covered in detail.
Keywords:
Shorabashot, China, Fergana Valley, migration, city, arch, metal structures, ceramics, hack, soapstone,
urbanization, artifact, fortification.
Introduction:
The Fergana Valley is a huge space
surrounded by mountains. The only western side of the
site is open, with a slight width adjacent to Mirzachol.
While the mountains around the valley keep their
territory from the flow of hot and cold climates on the
one hand, on the other hand, in their bosom laid the
groundwork for the beginning of the main water source
of Central Asia
–
Syrdarya.
Some finds of rare artifacts from the 3rd to 2nd
millennia BC are known. Including the valley of the
divine material (stone amulet) made of Stone found in
South - South, Khak (Khaq, Khak) and The Treasures of
Plato, discovered in the North. Although it has not been
clearly proven where these artifacts were made, there
are hypotheses that some of them may even have been
brought from Elam [1. P-14]. Undoubtedly, by this time
life was raging in Fergana, from which, by the time, the
first agricultural monuments can be found, which now
lie under thick layers of yellow soil. The findings of the
ancient tomb of Shagim near the city of Özgan,
Jalalabad region of the Kyrgyz Republic, the "Libra
Stone" (again a stone statue from Dalvarzin, a vessel
from steatite stone), which came from the city of
Karasuv, Andijan region, can be the basis for such a
hypothesis [2. P-34].
METADOLOGY
Urbanization processes-the history of the emergence
of cities, their role and significance in the development
of society are among the most pressing issues of
historical science. It is known that from the emergence
of cities, they begin to occupy a special place for
society. Without the definition of cities, it is difficult to
imagine important stages of human development.
Urbanization is understood as: on the one hand, the
influence of the formation and development of cities,
on the other, their development of society. In the
development of human history, the processes of
urbanization are not uniform in all places, and this
process consists of several stages. The first cities of
Sumer, Elam and India appeared in the IV-III millennia
BC, and in China - in the III-II millennia BC. In Northern
Europe, these processes took place a little later - in the
middle of the 1st millennium AD [3. P-10]. Various
points of view regarding the peculiarities of the early
cities of Central Asia are A.A.Asqarov, Yu.F. Buryakov,
E.V. Rtveladze, V.M. Masson Yu.A. Zadneprovsky N.N.
Negmatov,
T.Sh.
Shirinov,
A.S.Sagdullaev,
B.X.Matboboev, B.J.Eshov, O'.Abdullaev, A.A.It is
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International Journal Of History And Political Sciences (ISSN
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reflected in the scientific research of Khakimov and
other scientists. Urbanization processes in the IV-II
millennia BC have been classified in different studies
into a period between two stages and eight stages. In
Particular, V.M. Masson grouped these processes into
two stages - the ancient Eastern stage (end of the 3rd
millennium BC - mid - 1st millennium BC) as well as the
ancient stage (4th century BC-4th-5th century AD). N.N.
Ne'matov mentions eight stages covering the period
from the earliest period (the time when the sedentary
farming lifestyle gradually developed), up to the 20th
century. The proposed stages of urbanization processes
contradict each other in some cases, therefore it can be
said that they are not free from disadvantages. It can
be understood that the above conclusions zero are
created on the basis of local sources, based mainly on
the results of personal research of the authors. While
these views interpret the number of time and
urbanization phases in different ways, there is a
consensus on one aspect in all, that is, the formation of
Central Asian cities began much earlier than in other
regions.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
In the 14th-7th centuries BC, the ancient agricultural
Chust culture is widely spread in the Fergana Valley.
The owners of this culture spent days in about 90
populated places, located in groups in the main fertile
regions.
The ancient cities of Fergana have gone through two
stages in their development. In the first phase (9th-4th
centuries BC), cities such as Dalvarzin, Chust
(Buvonamozor), and Eilaton developed. In the second
antiquity (4th - 4th centuries BC), the culture of urban
planning rises to an even higher level. Cities such as
eilaton, Shurabashot, Mingtepa, Quwa, Andijan and
others appear and progress.
The emergence and development of ancient cities is
directly and inextricably linked with the history of the
emergence of the first statehood. It is worth saying that
the uncomplicated irrigation structures on the
monuments of the Chust culture and the Arch, built
separately, a system of developed defense
fortifications, as well as the formation of craft
production (in a sense, the production of a large
number of goods for the market), testify to the
emergence of statehood. It follows that early signs of
early statehood occur in the valley during the first
period of urbanization that can be defined as Oasis
statehood. Only an organization with state status
(Association) was able to carry out such creative
processes [1. B-44]. Relying on the information
provided and comparing the Fergana archaeological
complexes with Khwarazm, Bactria, Sughdiyona, we
can recognize that the first statehood existed in this
region as well. It would be appropriate to note that it
was during this period that cities with state status arose
in Central Asia, on the basis of which relatively large
socio-political structures later appeared in the 8th-6th
centuries BC. Similar processes can also be observed in
the Fergana Valley. The above indicates that the
existence of a fortress-city, agricultural oases and large
monuments of their quality as cultural and economic
centers in Dalwarzin was an early state association. It
can be noted that as early as 2002 B.KH.Matboboev
concluded that Oasis statehood existed in the Fergana
valley between the 8th and 7th centuries BC.
The last bronze and early Iron Age dispersal Oasis
system of the Fergana Valley monuments was first
described by Yu.A.Zadneprovsky developed. In recent
times T.Sh.the hypothesis was put forward by Shirinov
that Oasis statehood existed in Central Asia. B.X.
Matboboev is also doing significant work on this [1. B
–
22].
Sources indicate that in antiquity, the urban culture
flourished in the area, which was highly progressive.
According to the Chinese Chronicle: "There are about
70 large and small cities in Davan (Fergana); they have
a population of several hundred thousand people" [4. P
–
115]. In antiquity or from the 4th century BC to the
4th century AD, the Valley undergoes major changes in
urban planning culture.
Another of the other monuments of the Fergana Valley
is the Shurabashot farming culture. Shurabashot
(Shoroboshot) farming culture one of the tributaries of
the Karadarya is located on the Right Bank of the Yassi
River, 8 kilometers in a straight line from the city of
Özgan, on the territory of Özgan District of the OSH
region of the Kyrgyz Republic, The Bostonian plot of the
Sovkhoz “Shoroboshot” [4. P –
116]. 2-2.5 kilometers
west of the ancient settlement is the Andijan reservoir
(or Kampirravat reservoir).
The monument to shurabashot is also known locally
(Kyrgyz, Uzbeks, Turks) as "Fourkul", meaning ruins of
an ancient city, and this corresponds to the definition
of toponyms.
It is known that the terms” fourkol“,” tyortkyol“,”
Doirtkol " are known in almost the entire territory of
Central Asia, where Turkic-speaking peoples live. For
example, Kazakhstan (Chimkent), Uzbekistan (Fergana,
Tashkent, Kashkadarya, etc.), Kirghiz (Laylak, Tyan-
Shan), Karakalpakstan (region and city). Toponyms in
Khorezm conclude that even now the Square is called
“quadrangle”, meaning an ancient fortifi
ed area.
Some Turkic peoples call rectangular ancient
monuments “do'rtkul” or “Tyortkyol”. In Tian
-Shan,
locals refer to all the ancient settlement and settlement
International Journal Of History And Political Sciences
32
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International Journal Of History And Political Sciences (ISSN
–
2771-2222)
ruins as quaternary. Professor K.K. According to
yudakhin, the terms “Dalvarzin” (Uz
bekistan),
“Dilberdjin” (Afghanistan), “Dilvarzin” (Tajikistan),
“Dolberdjun” (Kyrgyz) are derived from the Mongolian
word “Dolbordjun”, with the same semantic meaning
as the Persian “Chaldivor” and Turkic "quadruple"
otters. As for the second meaning of”
Shoroboshot", in
Kyrgyz it means the place where the salty (alkaline)
earth begins.
The archaeological monument of shurabashot dates
back to the 4th-1st centuries BC and was first
discovered by the South Kyrgyz detachment in 1954,
and in 1954-1957 surveys of all parts of the monument
were carried out by them. In total, excavations were
carried out at 21 points of the monument, where large
volumes of material were obtained, covering all stages
of the life of Saltabashot [4. P
–
119].
The size of the city is large: 1400 x 510 sq.m., which is
more than 70 hectares.
It consists of three parts:
Shurabashot I-served as a shelter and cattle shelter for
the population; Shurabashot II-the main residential
part;
Shurabashot III-fortress-ark [5. P-10].
In 1954, of the above, only the Fortress of Shuraboshat
III was preserved. The remaining parts were completely
or nearly destroyed during agricultural work in 1989.
Currently, the north-eastern part of the northern
defensive wall is used for the construction of individual
housing plots. The objects of research were the areas
in the castle. Stratigraphic shurfs were deposited here
at two sites.
In 1993, the 1st Council B.KH.Matboboev is located at
the southern end of the numeric deep Shurabashot III
from Tamon, at the confluence of the Yu.A.30 m from
zadneprovsky's excavations. laid in the southwest.
Dimensions 4x4m. They are 1 m. 65 cm. in depth,
because during agricultural work, the next cultural
layers were broken. Pottery dating from various
periods, from the Saltabashot period to the 9th-10th
centuries, can be found here [6. P-12].
Archaeological research in 1993 showed that the
heights of these hills to the highest point are 10 m.
exceeds. If in 1957, the height of the hill in the fortress
was 12 m. considering what happened [5. P-16], it is
revealed that about two meters of the cultural layer has
been demolished. The absolute height of the
monument is, of course, 12 m. there were more than.
So, the size of the Shurabashot monument area is
comparable in size to the Yu(Yuchen) mentioned in
Chinese sources. The historical cities of the Fergana
Valley also, during their development, went an
evolutionary path characteristic of the urbanization
centers of Central Asia.
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, we can say that, since the studies carried
out at the monument to Shurabashot, from the Bronze
Age onwards, there have been major changes in the
cultural development of the Society of man. The
composition of the ancient cities, of course, was
associated with a more grass-based farming culture of
the population, and as centers of agricultural oases,
cities were raised. By this time, there were also
processes of change in the social system of Central Asia.
During this period, the various processes of progress
that took place in the life of society gained immense
importance for the emergence and development of
statehood, which was a milestone in the history of man.
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