Volume 04 Issue 02-2024
116
International Journal Of Law And Criminology
(ISSN
–
2771-2214)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
02
P
AGES
:
116-120
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
6.
584
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ABSTRACT
The article deals with the history of the origin of cybercrime. It describes in detail the essence and peculiarities of
cybercrime terminology. At the same time, the article reveals types of cybercrime, as well as its goals and objects of
influence.
KEYWORDS
Cybersecurity, cybercrime, cyberspace, Internet, cyberattack.
INTRODUCTION
In today’s world, 54% of the total population of planet
Earth actively use digital gadgets [1], and the number
of people using personal computers reaches
approximately 370 million people, a relatively young,
yet very dangerous type of crime called cybercrime is
gaining popularity.
Cybercrime is a type of act recognized as criminal,
where the subject commits a cyberattack for various
motives and purposes. Moreover, the subjects of this
type of crime are cybercriminals who carry out the
subjective side of the crime through technological
means, attempting to personal data, various kinds of
information, as well as finances, etc.
Considering the genesis of cybercrime, it is logical to
believe that this type of crime emerged with the spread
of the Internet. The etymology of the word
“cybercrime” comes from the English words “cyber” +
“crime”. It is necessary to distinguish the concept of
computer crime from cybercrime, as the latter is more
extensive and involves the commission of criminal acts
in cyberspace, using not only computers, but also other
information and communication technologies, the
Internet and other digital networks. It is known that
the first information network, named “ARPANET”, was
created in 1969 in the United States, with exclusively
political purposes at the height of the “Cold War” [2].
Further, with the spread and development of the
Research Article
GENESIS OF CYBERCRIME AND ITS CONCEPT PECULIARITIES
Submission Date:
February 18, 2024,
Accepted Date:
February 23, 2024,
Published Date:
February 28, 2024
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ijlc/Volume04Issue02-20
Aybek Orazbayevich Khalmuratov
Senior Lecturer Of The Department Of Criminal Law And Criminology Of The Law Enforcement Academy Of
The Republic Of Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ijlc
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 04 Issue 02-2024
117
International Journal Of Law And Criminology
(ISSN
–
2771-2214)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
02
P
AGES
:
116-120
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
6.
584
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
World Wide Web, when ordinary citizens could access
the Internet, the first cases of fraud, namely
cyberfraud, were born. Thus, for example, in the late
1980s, the first powerful wave of cybercrime occurred,
when by sending malicious programs through e-mail,
cyberfraudsters gained access to personal data of
users, which contributed to the commission of various
money scams and financial pyramids. This type of
cybercrime is currently referred to as Phishing.
The first international treaty that regulated crimes
committed in cyberspace, in particular those related to
computer fraud, copyright infringement, distribution
and storage of child pornography and breach of
network security, is the Budapest Convention, adopted
on November 23, 2001 [3].
Among the types of cybercrime, the following are
distinguished:
I. Fraud through the use of the Internet and e-mail.
II. Theft, theft of digital and financial information,
personal data, and payment card data. Cybercrime can
have
serious
consequences
for
individuals,
organizations, and governments, including leakage of
confidential information, financial loss, and breach of
privacy.
III. Cyber blackmail, i.e. extorting money from (target)
a person or access to obtain their finances under the
threat of a cyber attack.
IV. Cyber espionage, i.e. illegal attempt, to gain access
to data of government agencies and other corporate
organizations. Cybercrime can also be used to carry out
espionage, cyberterrorism and other forms of cyber-
attacks.
V. Online trade in illicit goods - the process of online
purchase, sale and distribution of illicit narcotic drugs,
psychotropic substances, precursors, as well as
pyrotechnics, edged weapons and so on.
IV. Cyber espionage is the illegal targeting, gaining
access to data of government agencies and other
corporate organizations. Cybercrime can also be used
to carry out espionage, cyberterrorism and other
forms of cyber-attacks.
V. Online trade in illicit goods - the process of online
purchase, sale and distribution of illicit narcotic drugs,
psychotropic substances, precursors, as well as
pyrotechnics, edged weapons and so on.
VI. Cyberattacks on infrastructure - cybercriminals can
target critical infrastructure such as energy systems,
transportation networks and communication systems
to damage the economy and society.
Next, it should be established what can be targeted by
cybercrime, or more specifically, what is being
targeted. These include:
–
computer crimes that infringe on state and public
interests;
–
cybercrimes that infringe on personal rights and
privacy;
–
economic cybercrime, which attacks the finances of
individuals (natural and legal) persons.
Cybercrime always implies intent, followed by action (a
cybercrime act cannot be expressed in inaction),
consequence and a causal link between them. The
goals of cybercrime acts can actually be generalized
into the four categories listed below. However, the
public danger arising from them is of a serious nature
and is capable of inflicting great material property and
non-property, as well as physical and moral damage.
Volume 04 Issue 02-2024
118
International Journal Of Law And Criminology
(ISSN
–
2771-2214)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
02
P
AGES
:
116-120
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
6.
584
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
Cybercrime is a threat to the global economy, causing
billions of dollars in damage every year.
Let us list the types of targets and give a concept for
each of them:
Economic
–
based on illegal enrichment. They are one
of the most common targets of Internet fraudsters. It
manifests itself in the withdrawal of money from bank
cards; organization of pseudo-money collections,
allegedly directed to the treatment of sick children or
animals, extortion of various sums of money, due to
the mastery of private information, etc.
Ideological
–
based on the dissemination of extremist
and terrorist recruitment and various kinds of calls to
commit socially dangerous acts, such as terrorist
attacks and inter-religious wars.
Political
–
aimed at destroying the current domestic
policy and the constitutional order of the state.
Social-psychological
–
aimed at leading or inducing
persons to commit suicide, as well as to lure persons
into deviant groups and to commit various kinds of
antisocial socially dangerous acts.
Let’s take a look at a small list of common types of
cyberattacks that can be used by cybercriminals to
harm computers, networks and data.
Malware attacks
–
viruses, worms, Trojan horses, and
other malicious programs that can infect computers
and networks, harbor data, or cause other damage.
DDoS attacks
–
denial of service cyberattacks in which
attackers overwhelm a network or server with traffic
to temporarily or permanently stop access to
resources.
Ransomware
–
cyberattacks in which attackers encrypt
data or block access to a system and demand a ransom
to restore it.
Social engineering
–
cyberattacks in which attackers
use manipulation and deception to gain access to
sensitive information or systems.
SQL injection
–
cyberattacks on websites in which
attackers inject SQL code into database queries to gain
unauthorized access to data.
File attacks
–
using malicious files, such as executable
files or documents with macros, to infect computers.
Software vulnerability cyberattacks
–
exploiting
known vulnerabilities in software to gain unauthorized
access to a system or data.
Combating cybercrime requires a joint effort of the
international community, individual countries, legal
entities and individuals, as well as the development of
new technologies and methods of information
protection. There are a number of ways to combat
cybercrime in developed countries, including:
First, establishing strong legislative measures, as well
as strict laws and regulations that establish
accountability for cybercrime and provide penalties for
cyber offenders. Second, cooperation between law
enforcement and the private sector, i.e., developing
partnerships between law enforcement, business
companies and government organizations to share
information about cyber threats and jointly combat
them.
Next, the level of cybersecurity in the country, which is
achieved through the implementation of technical
means of information protection, in addition, the
training of personnel in the field of cybersecurity and,
Volume 04 Issue 02-2024
119
International Journal Of Law And Criminology
(ISSN
–
2771-2214)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
02
P
AGES
:
116-120
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
6.
584
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
last but not least, the development of strategies to
prevent cyberattacks.
Hence, international cooperation, which means the
state’s participation in international organizations
aimed at combating cybercrime, exchange of
information and experience with other states.
Another important aspect is improving the level of
education and training of citizens in this area,
conducting educational programs to raise awareness
of cyber threats among the population, the business
community and government agencies.
And of course, developing new technologies, finding
innovative methods and ways to prevent, prevent and
combat cybercrime. And also, investing in research and
development of new technologies to detect
cyberattacks.
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, it should be noted that hacker
hooliganism, which used to be seemingly ordinary at
first glance, has grown into a serious type of crime in
the 21st century, which is gaining momentum and every
year entails more and more unpleasant consequences
for the targets of cybercriminals. Each state should
take this type of crime seriously, recognize it as a
criminal offense, keep records and statistics, carry out
various activities to prevent and suppress such acts, as
well as to improve performance in combating
cybercrime should introduce new techniques and
technologies and cooperate with other countries to
share experience and information.
Thus, we can take the example of influential
personalities who recognize the real threat of
cybersecurity in today’s world. One of them is B.
Obama, who stated that “The virtual threat is one of
the most serious security and economic challenges we
face. And US Director of National Intelligence James
Clapper stated that “In a virtual environment,
technology advances and is deployed faster than
security measures are prepared”. Offensive actions are
achieved quickly, while network defenses improve
much more slowly [4].
That is why cybersecurity is very important and has a
place in every developed nation. Microsoft
Corporation
has
developed
publicly
available
cybersecurity guidelines and solutions, among which
are listed:
–
credential protection;
–
threat detection and prevention;
–
data protection and individual e-cloud protection [5].
Adherence to the above tips is becoming an integral
part of a network cybersecurity strategy for both
individuals and organizations that seek to provide
robust protection against network threats and
cyberattacks.
REFERENCES
1.
Smartphone Owners Are Now The Global Majority,
New
Gsma
Report
Reveals
URL:
https://www.gsma.com
2.
Volevodz A.G. - Countering cybercrime - the topic
of the first thematic issue of the publication
“Library of Criminalist. Scientific Journal”. №5 (10)
-
2013 y.
3.
Budapest
Convention
URL:
https://www.coe.int/ru/web/impact-convention-
human-rights/convention-on-cybercrime.
4.
Starkin S.V.
–
“Cyber security and cyber revolution:
critical analysis of basic concepts
”. Paper. Moscow
State University. Ser. 12. Political Science. 2015 y.
№1.
Volume 04 Issue 02-2024
120
International Journal Of Law And Criminology
(ISSN
–
2771-2214)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
02
P
AGES
:
116-120
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
6.
584
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
5.
Microsoft Security “What is Cybersecurity?” URL:
www.microsoft.com
