Volume 03 Issue 07-2023
89
International Journal Of Law And Criminology
(ISSN
–
2771-2214)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
07
Pages:
89-93
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
6.
584
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ABSTRACT
This article gives a brief definition of the concept of sustainable development, the goals and objectives of economic
and social development in view of their sustainability, in accordance with environmental requirements in all developed
and developing countries, as well as the protection of plant life and its sustainable development.In addition, the
Sustainable Development Goals have been emphasized and the work carried out in the Republic of Uzbekistan to
realize these goals has been discussed.
KEYWORDS
Sustainable development, environmental protection, Agenda for Sustainable Development, global governance, SDG
Index.
INTRODUCTION
Human life depends on the land. Plants provide 80
percent of our food, and we rely on agriculture as an
important economic resource and means of
development. Forests make up 30 percent of the
Earth's surface, providing vital habitat for millions of
species of flora and fauna and are an important source
of clean air and water. They are also crucial to
combating climate change.
Today we are witnessing unprecedented land
degradation and loss of arable land 30 to 35 times
faster than in the past. Drought and desertification are
increasing annually, resulting in the loss of 12 million
hectares of land and affecting poor communities
around the world. Of the 8,300 known animal breeds,
8% are extinct and 22% are at risk of extinction.
Research Article
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS AND ITS ROLE IN THE STATE
POLICY OF THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN IN THE FIELD OF
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
Submission Date:
July 20, 2023,
Accepted Date:
July 25, 2023,
Published Date:
July 30, 2023
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ijlc/Volume03Issue07-15
Rustem Omirzakov
Karakalpak State University Named After Berdak, Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ijlc
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 03 Issue 07-2023
90
International Journal Of Law And Criminology
(ISSN
–
2771-2214)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
07
Pages:
89-93
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
6.
584
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
The goals and objectives of economic and social
development should be determined in accordance
with environmental requirements in all developed and
developing countries, taking into account their
sustainability. [1. P 67] After all, the main goal of the
state in the field of environmental protection is to
create an ecologically safe environment for current
and future generations, as well as to realize the right to
a healthy environment. [2. P. 66]
Currently, there are about 60 definitions of sustainable
development in the literature. The most common is the
definition given in the report of the commission of G.
H. Brundtland. H. Brundtland. [3. P 13]
"Sustainable development is development that meets
the needs of the present without compromising the
ability of future generations to meet their own
needs."[4]
The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and its
17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) were
adopted by the United Nations General Assembly in
2015 with the aim to “transform the world for the
better by 2030” (United Nations, 2015, 35). The SDGs
have acquired a strong normative status within the
United Nations system and in numerous countries.
They have been celebrated as high aspirations to attain
sustainable development in its economic, social and
environmental dimensions. More long-standing and
going back to the adoption of the Universal
Declaration of Human Rightsin 1948, international
human rights have been institutionalised as core norms
in the United Nations system. They have continuously
been under severe pressure with economic, social,
cultural, civil and political rights being violated in many
countries. [5. P. 134]
The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) offer a
novel and contested approach to global governance
on the range of development and environmental
challenges that together constitute ‘sustainable
development.’ The SDGs are composed not just of 17
goals, but also 169 targets that are meant to give
specificity and substance to these broad global
ambitions and 244 indicators selected to track global
achievement. Each of these elements has been
scrutinized and contested. The goals-framed approach
itself, and the idea of sustainable development
embodied by the SDGs, have both been critiqued (e.g.,
Van Norren, 2020; Weber & Weber, 2020).
Commentators have debated whether the goals and
targets set too little or too great an ambition (e.g., on
different aspects, Fletcher & Rammelt, 2017; Winkler,
2018). Methodological challenges remain around their
measurement (Mugellini et al., 2021; Shinwell & Cohen,
2020), raising questions whether the SDGs are
genuinely measurable at all (Rodríguez Antón et al.,
2022).[6. P. 150] This goal aims to conserve and restore
the use of terrestrial ecosystems by 2030. Halting
desertification is also vital to mitigating climate
change. Urgent action is needed to reduce the loss of
natural habitats and biodiversity that are part of our
common heritage. [7]
Today our country is consistently working in the field
of environmental protection, rational use of natural
resources, and improvement of the sanitary and
environmental situation. In order to live, we need to
protect nature, manage natural resources wisely, and
use them sparingly. [8. P. 111]
The Republic of Uzbekistan is an arid climate country
with a total area of about 44.9 million km2, which
consists mainly of mountains and plains, comprising
mostly desert and semi-desert areas and, to a lesser
extent, arable land in intensively irrigated valleys. Land
Volume 03 Issue 07-2023
91
International Journal Of Law And Criminology
(ISSN
–
2771-2214)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
07
Pages:
89-93
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
6.
584
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
use reforms were mainly focused on irrigated
agriculture, which occupies about 10% of the total land
area. More than 90% of crops are grown on irrigated
lands of the country. A characteristic feature of most
natural ecosystems in Uzbekistan is their increased
fragility associated with the aridity of the climate. In
this regard, the resistance of ecosystems to external
impacts is rather low and any anthropogenic
interference serves as an additional factor of
degradation of natural complexes. Agricultural
activities, distant cattle breeding, development of
energy and extractive industries have a negative
impact on almost all natural ecosystems in the country.
Plain, foothill, aquatic and near-water ecosystems,
especially in the lower reaches of major rivers,
including the Aral Sea region and the Aral Sea, have
been subjected to the greatest changes. In addition to
experiencing
serious
anthropogenic
pressure,
ecosystems are also greatly affected by changing
hydrological and climatic conditions.[7]
In 2015, the Government of Uzbekistan committed to
implement the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable
Development. In 2018, 16 national Sustainable
Development Goals (SDGs) and 125 corresponding
targets were adopted. Simultaneously, an inter-agency
Coordination Council for implementing the national
SDG Roadmap was established. A web-portal was
launched with data on about 100 indicators and work is
underway to establish data collection on the remaining
100
indicators.
The
bicameral
Parliamentary
Commission on SDGs, civil society, youth and leading
national NGOs are actively involved in SDGs promotion
and implementation, including the preparation of this
first VNR. The implementation of the SDGs in
Uzbekistan coincided with large-scale reforms in the
framework of the national Action Strategy for 2017-
2021. This strategy and its five priority areas have been
confirmed as a pathway to achieving the SDGs. Work is
underway to integrate the SDGs into national and
regional development strategies and programs,
including the Concept of Comprehensive Socio-
economic Development of the Republic of Uzbekistan
until 2030. The government is assessing the results of
the reforms through monitoring 23 global ratings
(indexes), including the global SDG Index, where
Uzbekistan is currently ranked 52nd. The country's
long-term objective is to become a high middle-income
country by 2030, therein doubling per capita income,
as well as reducing poverty and inequality (SDG1 and
SDG10). To achieve this, Uzbekistan is implementing
structural reforms to strengthen the market economy,
alongside currency and tax reforms, and systemic
agricultural reforms (SDG2). A range of measures have
been taken to improve the business climate, stimulate
entrepreneurship and formal employment, including
among youth and women (SDG5 and SDG8), as well as
to attract investment and promote innovation (SDG9).
Current challenges include ensuring sustainable
employment for youth and women, as well as
improving the effectiveness of the social protection
system. In healthcare (SDG3), measures are being
taken to improve the quality and accessibility of
services through improving the financing and
insurance system, stimulating private investment,
improving the training and professional development
of medical personnel, as well as developing medical
science and the widespread introduction of e-health.
Current priorities in the field of education (SDG4)
include improving the quality and coverage of
education at all levels, as well as encouraging
increasing public and private investments. The reforms
in Uzbekistan are guided by one principle: “Human
Interests Are Above All,” which is closely aligned with
the fundamental principle of Agenda 2030, “Leaving
No-
one Behind.” Since the adoption
of the SDGs,
Uzbekistan has made significant progress in improving
the protection of human rights and strengthening rule
Volume 03 Issue 07-2023
92
International Journal Of Law And Criminology
(ISSN
–
2771-2214)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
07
Pages:
89-93
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
6.
584
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
of law. The country has established a system of
People’s Receptions of the President, administrative
reform is ongoing, e-government is being improved,
and reforms are being implemented to ensure the
independence of the media and bloggers as well as to
enhance the role of civil society. The country has also
prioritized strengthening the role and protecting the
rights of women. Recently, laws have been adopted on
gender equality and the protection of women from
violence, the proportion of women in parliament has
doubled (up to 32%), and women have been promoted
to leadership positions at all levels of state and local
authorities (SDGs 5 and 16). Uzbekistan pursues a
foreign policy of openness, cooperation, and peace. In
recent years, the country has opened borders and is
deepening cooperation with the Central Asian
countries in the areas of rational use of trans-boundary
resources and trade. Collaboration with UN agencies
and international financial institutions (SDG17) is being
strengthened. Following the liberalization of the visa
regime, the annual tourist arrivals exceeded 6.7 million
people in 2019 (compared to 2.5 million in 2017). In
environment area, Uzbekistan prioritizes mitigation
and adaptation to climate change (including under the
Paris Agreement) with a special focus on the Aral Sea
region, conservation and the efficient use of water,
land and energy resources, as well as biodiversity
conservation (SDG 13, 14 and 15). [9]
Based on the above, we can confidently say that
environmental protection, environmental security and
sustainable use of natural resources, as well as
combating climate change are the priorities of the
policy of the New Uzbekistan, and the ongoing
constitutional reforms in our country, as well as all
other areas, are aimed at protecting the human
environment, serves to strengthen the constitutional
basis of its rights and environmental security,
environmental protection, sustainable use of natural
resources.
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Volume 03 Issue 07-2023
93
International Journal Of Law And Criminology
(ISSN
–
2771-2214)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
07
Pages:
89-93
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
6.
584
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
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