Vol. 4 No. 11 (2024): Volume 04 Issue 11

this article examines the relationship of public credit as one of the links of the financial and credit system of the state with other links and economic categories operating in this system. Their connections and interactions are shown.

The study examines the functioning of the institute of filing motions and complaints in criminal proceedings, focusing on issues related to its regulatory framework within the Code of Criminal Procedure of the Republic of Uzbekistan. It highlights the need to establish this institute as an independent legal mechanism, detailing forms of submission, eligible persons, and procedural requirements. The research emphasizes practical and theoretical advancements, including the clarification of definitions, harmonization with international standards, strengthening the rights of the parties, and developing timeframes for efficient resolution. Issues such as insufficient regulation, arbitrary denial of petitions, and the ineffectiveness of complaint mechanisms at pre-trial stages are addressed. Comparative analysis with foreign legal systems reveals best practices for reforming procedures. Recommendations include ensuring reasoned decisions, timely responses, and disciplinary accountability for unjustified actions. The article proposes extending deadlines for post-investigation actions to enhance the rights of defense counsel and ensure thorough investigations, advocating for a balanced and effective approach to protect the rights of participants in criminal proceedings.

This article discusses aspects and integration characteristics of international migration in the world and regions. Based on statistical information, the main trends of the migration movement and prospects for the development of the labor market are determined. The author analyzed the data on priority country directions of labor migration from Uzbekistan and the state of money transfers on a global, regional and national scale. Information on domestic legal policy and ratified international agreements is summarized. He proposed possible solutions to improve research tools in the study of migration processes.

This article examines the concepts and characteristics of public services in the Republics of Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan, based on scientific doctrine and national legislation. It explores the historical development of the term “public services,” analyzing not only the public service concepts in Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan but also in other developed countries, with reference to scientific works from the CIS and abroad. The concept of public services is linked to the idea of the “service state”.  The author seeks to define public services as the interactions between state bodies and private (public) entities aimed at meeting the needs of citizens and organizations in the exercise of their rights and legitimate interests, grounded in the scientific doctrine of foreign scholars. These services are argued to encompass a wide range of activities, such as issuing licenses, registering legal entities, providing social benefits, and other government-provided services. Additionally, the article analyzes the concept of public services in the legal frameworks of both countries, highlighting their similarities and deficiencies.

The World Trade Organization (WTO) stands at the heart of global trade governance, providing a framework for the liberalization and regulation of international trade. Central to its mandate is the Dispute Settlement Mechanism (DSM), which ensures that trade rules are respected and disputes are resolved in a structured, legal manner. This mechanism, often described as the "crown jewel" of the WTO, underpins the organization's credibility and facilitates a rules-based trading system. Yet, as international trade becomes increasingly complex, the WTO DSM faces significant challenges, necessitating a comprehensive reevaluation of its operations, relevance, and adaptability.

This article addresses the issue of criminal liability for illegal trafficking of potent or poisonous substances in the legislation of some foreign countries. It examines the results of a comparative analysis between the criminal legislation of certain foreign countries and national criminal law.

This article examines the evolving lawmaking practices in Uzbekistan, focusing on actors, processes, and reforms that shape normative legal acts. Since 2016, reforms have significantly increased legislative output, but rapid lawmaking has brought challenges, including transparency issues and procedural inconsistencies. Analyzing data from the National Database of Legislation (LexUz) and assessing recent reforms, this study explores Uzbekistan’s legislative framework, institutional roles, and public participation mechanisms. Key findings highlight the need for stricter adherence to procedural standards, enhanced transparency, and broader public engagement to address regulatory challenges and strengthen governance. Recommendations are made for promoting evidence-based policymaking, improving interagency cooperation, and enhancing accountability measures. These improvements are crucial for achieving an effective, transparent, and accountable lawmaking process aligned with democratic principles.

This paper reviews the role and importance of international organisations in protecting international labour migrants' rights. Millions of people are crossing borders to seek employment, and the protection of their rights is essentially related to their fair treatment, social security, and access to justice in a foreign country. Key organisations, such as the International Labour Organization and the United Nations, have developed conventions, policies, and frameworks that would guide labor migrants for workplace conditions, social protection, legal assistance, and family reunification. This article examines the shifting landscape of labor migrant rights using international conventions and organizational activities, along with the problems involved in creating and implementing such protection for them across the world. Current works to adapt international standards to the heterogeneous requirements of labor migrants and reviews future strategies that will enhance these protections at a global level, are also given due consideration.

In this thesis, the role of the World Trade Organization in international trade, its importance in the peaceful settlement of disputes between countries, its difficulties and successes are analyzed.

This study explores the evolving beliefs surrounding crime and punishment in American society, examining how cultural, social, and political factors have shaped public perceptions over time. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, the research analyzes historical data, public opinion surveys, and qualitative interviews with experts in criminal justice, sociology, and psychology. The findings indicate a significant shift from traditional retributive approaches to more rehabilitative and restorative justice models, particularly in response to increasing awareness of systemic inequalities, mass incarceration, and the effectiveness of punitive measures. Participants noted that changing societal attitudes, influenced by grassroots movements and heightened media coverage of crime and justice issues, have played a crucial role in redefining concepts of accountability and justice. The study concludes that understanding these shifts is essential for developing effective criminal justice policies that address contemporary challenges and promote a more equitable system.