Volume 04 Issue 07-2024
12
International Journal Of Literature And Languages
(ISSN
–
2771-2834)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
07
P
AGES
:
12-15
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ABSTRACT
In this article, the term graduonimia (leveling) developed in Uzbek linguistics and advanced in world linguistics and
some features related to its emergence through euphemistic units were analyzed linguistically.
KEYWORDS
Language, speech, euphemism, euphemistic graduonymy, euphemistic unity, expansion of meaning, gradation.
INTRODUCTION
It is known that euphemisms are one of the language
phenomena that are of particular importance in speech
and play a major role in ensuring its effectiveness.
Euphemisms are one of the culturally used units that
soften the situation in some places in concise
expression of ideas, in some places are rude and
inappropriate to say concepts and speech situations.
These euphemistic units in the Uzbek language and
speech are a linguistic phenomenon that reflects the
past, nationality, and values of our people. First of all,
euphemistic units have their own value as they reflect
the commonality of language and culture.
Studying the functional semantic field of level in the
Uzbek language, in particular, the microfield of
eupemiological level, on a scientific theoretical basis, is
an issue that awaits a solution in Uzbek linguistics.
The concept of the criterion of euphemistic meaning is
broad and complex, and in its scope, in connection with
the denotation from the point of view of softening
taboo concepts, it is graded - a step (hierarchy), it
forms a system - a semantic structure [1; 64]. From this
opinion of linguist A. Omonturdiyev, it can be
understood that there is euphemistic semantics in
Research Article
THE ROLE OF EUPHEMISM IN WRITTEN AND SPOKEN SPEECH
Submission Date:
July 02, 2024,
Accepted Date:
July 07, 2024,
Published Date:
July 12, 2024
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ijll/Volume04Issue07-03
Sirojiddin Turdimurodov
Assoc. professor t.e of the Department of Uzbek Linguistics, Doctor of Philology, TerSU, Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ijll
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 04 Issue 07-2024
13
International Journal Of Literature And Languages
(ISSN
–
2771-2834)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
07
P
AGES
:
12-15
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
linguistics, and among them there are differences,
subtle edges of meaning, and some differences
(intensification in use, growth of meaning, expansion),
which are clear signs of gradation.
Relying on this opinion of the euphemist scientist,
during our research, we can be sure that the presence
of an intermediate state can create a difference even
among lexemes with the same euphemistic meaning.
In fact, for example, one of the serious manifestations
of the negative meaning of the relationship between
husband and wife of the sacred bond of the family,
which is morally uncomfortable, is the use of the
lexeme of divorce-ajrashmoq, which is gently used
instead of the lexeme ahdi buzilmoq
→
orasidan qora
mushuk o
‘
tmoq
→
yulduzi yulduziga to
‘
g
’
ri kelmaslik
→
ko
‘
ch ko
‘
tarmoq / uyi buzilmoq
→
orani ochiq
qilmoq
→
taloq qilmoq / pattasini qo
‘
liga tutqazmoq
→
hayoti buzilmoq [3; 71] (relatively the highest content
is reflected, because after this action it is possible to
understand that their family is in an irreparable
situation), it is not difficult to notice that a concept that
is close to each other, but with some differences, is
emerging through subtleties of meaning.
It can be observed that the gradation in this line of
euphemistic semantics occurs according to the
increasing level of inter-lexeme meaning movement. In
such cases, the process of events begins in the heart of
a person first of all with the form of breaking the
covenant of the first ahdi buzilmoq (because they
make a covenant before marriage), and the form of
hayoti buzilmoq of its peak is expressed by the
euphemistic unit, which means the highest level of
action. In this case, according to the level of this
movement, the movement is accelerating, taking a
serious and sharp tone, in a word, according to the
level of strengthening of the movement. At this point,
it is necessary to recognize the common meaning
typical of the members of the paradigm in the
synonymous line, that is, at the same time, the
existence of differences that distinguish them from
each other and are the basis for conflict. We should
also say that between the following lexemes: ko‘ch
ko‘tarmoq / uyi buzil
moq, taloq qilmoq / pattasini
qo‘liga tutqazmoq sign ( / ) is an inter
-lexeme meaning
of two lexemes of equal meaning and content. This
symbol, which is traditional, was used, taking into
account the equality nature of the balance.
That is, it can be said that gradation (increasing or
decreasing the content of lexemes) is gaining equal
content when used interchangeably.
The criterion of euphemistic meaning is defined in
relation to real reality, taboo denotation (that is, it is
inappropriate to say, uncomfortable, does not
correspond to the culture of etiquette and behavior,
cannot be said openly...) lexemes. In this case, the so-
called euphemism refers to the degree of softness of
the means (connotate) compared to the denotation.
In linguistics, graduonymic relations, which combine
semantic categories such as antonymy and synonymy,
directly serve to ensure the correct understanding of
the lexical-semantic properties of a word, as well as to
ensure the fluency and meaningfulness of speech. This,
in turn, makes it possible to scientifically substantiate
the differences in level and quantity of euphemistic
lexemes, to reveal the diversity of each language. It
should be noted that the disclosure of euphemistic
devices and their graduonymic properties leads to the
emergence of new concepts, terms and categories in
the improvement of the theoretical foundations of
each language.
Volume 04 Issue 07-2024
14
International Journal Of Literature And Languages
(ISSN
–
2771-2834)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
07
P
AGES
:
12-15
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
Language as a complex social, biological-physiological
phenomenon performs communicative, emotional-
expressive, accumulative tasks. The concept of
gradation is an important concept in the manifestation
of the emotional-expressive function of the language.
In Uzbek linguistics, the specific aspects of this concept
are being studied to a certain extent. In the studies
carried out so far, the concept of level has been
considered mainly in the form of a categorical form of
a quality group of a certain category. We can say that
the concept of gradation in the Uzbek language is
expressed through different means at the language
levels and forms a whole functional-semantic field.
Manifestation of the law of euphemistic
gradation in Uzbek linguistics, euphemistic tools that
express it, the inter-level nature of the phenomenon of
gradation in them, manifestation of the concept of
level in connection with functional meanings in the
semantics of lexemes with euphemistic meaning,
euphemistic meaning Relying on graduonymic laws in
lexicographic interpretation has not been specially
researched monographically. The phenomenon of
gradation, which is manifested in various forms
through various euphemistic means, has not been
studied as a whole lexical-semantic field, as well as its
lexicographic features. Looking at the concept of
euphemism in a wider scope than the categorical unit,
analyzing it as a functional-semantic field and defining
the members of this field, defining its tools, developing
its lexicographic principles, and linguistic justification
are of urgent importance.
In the framework of Uzbek linguistics, you can be sure
that gradable words are formed based on different
gradation categories. Among them, for example, the
occurrence of lexical graduonyms according to their
meaning is also different. For example, a graduonymic
series that forms a gradation such as vaysamоq
→
vaqillam
о
q
→
javram
о
q
→
to
‘
ng
‘
illam
о
q
→
ming
‘
illam
о
q is more or less of the color sign, gavdali
→
jussali
→
barvasta
→
norg
‘
ul
→
qomatdor
→
barzangi according to the increase in color [2; 39] is
shown to be ranked as such. Also, in this gradation
study dictionary, lexical gradation is formed through
the gradation factors of dozens of different
graduonymic series, from the linguistic point of view,
the increase or decrease in content of lexical
synonymous series.
In euphemistic leveling, as above, several factors are of
particular importance in the occurrence of euphemistic
leveling. For example,
1) leksemaning yuqori badiiylikda qo‘llanishiga
ko‘ra;
2) leksemalararo ma’noning kengayishiga ko‘ra;
3) bеlgini kuchli ifоdalashiga ko‘ra;
4) harakatni ifodalashdagi ierarxik munosabatga ko‘ra;
5) ijobiylik bo‘yog`ining оrtib borishiga ko‘ra;
6) harakatning jiddiy tus olish darajasiga ko‘ra
euphemistic gradations occur through factors.
Masalan, ochiq aytilishi noqulay bo‘lgan QAMALMOQ
leksemasi o‘rnida yumshatib qo‘llaniladigan evfemik
birliklar qatori: Masalan, ushlanmoq / olib ketilmoq
→
sudlanmoq
→
hukm qilinmoq
→
yelkaga ilmoq
→
kesilmoq
→
ozodlikdan mahrum etilmoq
→
qora
kursiga o‘tirmoq / o‘tirmoq
→
o
‘
tirib chiqmoq [3: 86]
ning qo
‘
llanilishida ham harakatni ifodalashdagi
ierarxik munosabatga ko
‘
ra graduonimik munosabat
yuzaga kelishini kuzatish mumkin.
For example, a series of euphemistic units that are
used in place of the lexeme QAMALMOQ, which is
Volume 04 Issue 07-2024
15
International Journal Of Literature And Languages
(ISSN
–
2771-2834)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
07
P
AGES
:
12-15
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
inconvenient to say openly: For example, ushlanmoq /
olib ketilmoq
→
sudlanmoq
→
hukm qilinmoq
→
yelkaga ilmoq
→
kesilmoq
→
ozodlikdan mahrum
etilmoq
→
qora kursiga o
‘
tirmoq / o
‘
tirmoq
→
o
‘
tirib
chiqmoq possible to observe that a graduonymic
relationship occurs according to the hierarchical
relationship in the expression of movement in the use
[3: 86].
In the study of euphemistic gradational names, to
approach the lexicographical analysis in the general
and annotated dictionaries of the Uzbek language
from the point of view of today's modern linguistics, to
come to new scientific and theoretical conclusions, the
linguistic features of the manifestation of euphemistic
gradation laws, the importance of relying on
graduonymic laws in the lexicographic interpretation
of euphemistic meaning need to be disclosed.
Euphemistic grading is a further improvement of the
existing lexicographic laws, namely "Annotated
dictionary of the Uzbek language", "Annotated
dictionary of the synonyms of the Uzbek language"
and especially "The educational dictionary of word
grading of the Uzbek language" ”, will also serve to
improve the "Euphemisms of the Uzbek language
educational dictionary".
The active use of euphemistic graduonym lexemes in
our written and spoken speech serves the positive
formation
of
interactions
and
relationships
(conversations,
agreements,
cooperation
and
friendship bonds) between people.
REFERENCES
1.
Omonturdiev A.J. Functional characteristics of
euphemisms: Philol. science. nomz... diss. -
Tashkent, 1997. - p. 64.
2.
Bobojonov Sh., Islamov I. Educational dictionary of
word classification of the Uzbek language. -
Tashkent: New age generation, 2007. - p. 39.
3.
Omonturdiev A.J. A short euphemistic dictionary of
the Uzbek language. - Tashkent, 2006. - p. 86.
4.
Bozorov O. Grading in Uzbek: Philology. science ...
diss. autoref. - Tashkent, 1997.
5.
Orifjonova Sh. Lexical graduation in the Uzbek
language: Filol.fan.nom....dis. - Tashkent., 1994.
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Rahmanov G'. Interaction of lexical synonymy and
graduonymy in the Uzbek language: Philol. science.
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) ... diss. - Fergana, 2018.
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Turdimurodov
S.
Euphemic
graduonimia.
Monograph. Tashkent. 2024.
–
B.192.
