Volume 03 Issue 05-2023
107
International Journal Of Literature And Languages
(ISSN
–
2771-2834)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
05
Pages:
107-110
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
6.
997
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ABSTRACT
The purpose of this article is to consider the place and specifics of lexical skills, appeal to the lexical side of the
language, define vocabulary, as it is known, this is the main building material of the language. Unlike grammar, which
reflects the relationship between classes of words, and always generalizes, vocabulary individualizes the utterance,
gives it a specific meaning.
KEYWORDS
Generalization, semantic field, paronymic chains, typology of vocabulary, volume, degree of connectivity, stable,
combinations, derivative, rely, semantics, differentiation.
INTRODUCTION
Until recently, linguists were mainly interested in the
formal side of language, primarily morphology and
phonetics, then syntax. As for vocabulary, here too the
main attention was paid only to word formation. The
problem of the correlation of vocabulary, grammar and
phonetics in language teaching is very important. Until
recently, grammar and phonetics were often studied in
parallel with vocabulary and independently of it. One
of the main progressive principles of modern
methodology is the organic connection of vocabulary
with grammar and phonetics. In the modern
methodology, the work on vocabulary is legitimately
considered in the light of the tasks of developing
speech skills. Quite a lot of attention is paid to the
issues of vocabulary training in determining the
specifics of operational lexical skills and the place of
vocabulary in teaching oral-speech communication.
Research Article
METHODOLOGICAL TYPOLOGY OF LEXICAL MATERIAL
Submission Date:
May 12, 2023,
Accepted Date:
May 17, 2023,
Published Date:
May 22, 2023
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ijll/Volume03Issue05-22
Taekeeva A.
Karakalpak State University, Uzbekistan
Sadatdinova K.
Student Of The Faculty Of Foreign Languages, Guide Accompaniment And Theory Of Translation, Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ijll
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 03 Issue 05-2023
108
International Journal Of Literature And Languages
(ISSN
–
2771-2834)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
05
Pages:
107-110
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
6.
997
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
Before talking about learning the lexical side of the
language, you need to give a definition of the word
"vocabulary". According to the figurative expression of
L.V. Shcherba, [9] vocabulary is the living matter of
language. It serves for the objective content of
thought, i.e. for naming. But another definition of
vocabulary is better known. Vocabulary is a set of
words and associations similar to them in functions
that form a certain system. The consistency of
vocabulary is manifested in the fact that all its units,
based on their properties, are included in certain lexical
associations (semantic fields, groups, synonymic and
paronymic chains, antonymic oppositions, word-
formation nests).
When working on vocabulary, sometimes difficulties
may arise. And therefore, in the methodological
literature there are various approaches to solving the
problem of vocabulary typology, a number of
principles of vocabulary classification are formulated.
Among the factors contributing to the difficulties of
active assimilation of words are the following:
1) coincidence or mismatch of the volume of meanings
of words of the native and foreign languages: words
that do not coincide in meaning present greater
difficulties for active mastery than words with the
same volume of meanings.
2) the degree of coherence or freedom of speech in
relation to other words of a given language: free
phrases, stable combinations of words (phraseological
units), idioms.
Free combinations of words in a foreign language
often do not coincide with those in their native
language. Non-free, or stable, combinations of words
or phraseological combinations of words are difficult
to master, which and x must be accurately and firmly
remembered as one whole unchanged in certain
contexts. These include: alle durch die Bank
–
absent in
the native language; grosse Augen machen
–
similar to
combinations in the native language ("to make big
eyes").
Stable phrases also include idioms
–
unter vier Augen
and others.
3) the nature of the word structure: simple, complex or
derived words. Simple words are easier to digest.
4) concreteness or abstractness of the meaning of the
word. Concrete words are often easier to digest than
abstract ones.
In general, if we talk about the term methodological
typology of vocabulary, then it means grouping
language material by types of difficulty in mastering
them by students. The most common is the following
typology proposed by N.V. Nikolayev: he identifies 8
types of words [6].
1)international and borrowed words, the volume of
meaning of which coincides in the native and foreign
languages:
die Musik, der Designer, das Theater
The difficulty in mastering these words is in voicing, not
in understanding.
2) derivatives and complex words, as well as
combinations of words whose components are familiar
to students:
der Lieblingsschriftsteller, die Gemäldegalerie
Volume 03 Issue 05-2023
109
International Journal Of Literature And Languages
(ISSN
–
2771-2834)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
05
Pages:
107-110
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
6.
997
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
When understanding such words, it is necessary to rely
on the knowledge of students.
3) root words whose volume of meanings does not
contradict the volume of meanings of the
corresponding words in the native language:
der Tisch, der Fichtenbaum, der Stuhl
4) words specific in their content for the language
being studied (real words):
der Herr, das Brandenburger Tor, der Zwinger
To reveal their meaning, it is best to use an
interpretation in their native language.
5) words of the root common with the native language,
but differing in content (false friends of the translator):
die Familie, das Magazin
6) phrases and complex words, the individual
components of which, although known to students,
are not similar to the components of the lexical units
associated with them in their native language.
When introducing such words, it is best to rely on a
specially created context.
7)lexical units whose volume of meanings is wider than
the volume of meanings of the corresponding words in
the native language: der Jahrmarkt
The semantics of such lexical units presupposes several
contexts.
8)lexical units whose volume of meanings is greater
than the volume of the corresponding words in the
native language: der Wortschatz [8, 178]
To avoid difficulties, it is advisable to consider the
following recommendations:
1) since lexical units have different difficulties for
assimilation, it is necessary, in the interests of the
productivity of learning vocabulary, to assess the
difficulty of lexical units to be assimilated and reduce
them into groups that are more or less homogeneous.
2) it is necessary to provide ways of introducing
vocabulary applicable to each group.
3) the introduction and explanation should focus on
those aspects of lexical units that cause difficulties and
look for ways to overcome them.
4) overcoming lexical difficulties is carried out in such
ways: isolation of difficult words from each other,
inclusion of the studied units in various combinations
and associative connections, as well as performing
differentiation exercises.
5) it is possible to indicate specific signs that should be
used to overcome difficulties in mastering foreign
language vocabulary [1,170].
More difficult lexical units (L.E.):
a) the longest and shortest L.E.
b) L.E. expressing abstract concepts
c) L.E. with weakened lexical semantics: setzen (in
Bewegung, in Gang)
d) string words (der, so, die Sache, halten)
e) polysemantic words
f) reinterpreted complex and derived words
(begreifen)
Volume 03 Issue 05-2023
110
International Journal Of Literature And Languages
(ISSN
–
2771-2834)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
05
Pages:
107-110
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
6.
997
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
g) phraseological phrases
h) speech cliches: es kommt auf keinen Fall in Frage.
From the above, it should be concluded that by
teaching vocabulary, we teach language. And language
teaching is the main task of the methodology of
teaching a foreign language.
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Берман И.М Грамматика английского языка:
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Бим И.Л. «Теория и практика обучения
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Гальскова Н.Д., Чепцова М.Б. «Цели и
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А.Д.
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“Теоретические основы методики обучения
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Пассов Е.И. «Коммуникативный метод
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Рогова Г.В., Верещагина И. В. Методика
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Шатилов
С.Ф.
Методика
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