Volume 03 Issue 05-2023
103
International Journal Of Literature And Languages
(ISSN
–
2771-2834)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
05
Pages:
103-106
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
6.
997
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ABSTRACT
In this article we are talking about the types of phraseological units of the German language and its composition, the
statements of famous linguists on this topic are given. The characteristics of stable verbal complexes of the language
are given.
KEYWORDS
Phraseology, stable, verbal complex, syntagma, predicative combination, serial, modeled, semantic transformation,
component, invariance, identical meaning.
INTRODUCTION
Phraseology is an integral and organic part of the
language system. The formation of phraseology as a
linguistic discipline was greatly facilitated by the
research of V.V.Vinogradov, V.L.Arkhangelsky, N.N.
Amosova, I.I.Chernysheva, in which the basic concepts
of phraseology were defined and the ways of its
further study were outlined.
So, phraseology is a field of linguistics dealing with
stable verbal complexes of the language (USK). USCS
are secondary language units. They are formed on the
basis of smaller linguistic units - lexemes. By their
structure, USCS are syntagmas. Under the concept of
USC, we understand reproductive syntagmas,
predicative
combinations
and
indecomposable
sentences that have special semantics [1, 106]. They are
part of the semantic system of the language. When
choosing the criteria for the classification of USC, it is
necessary to take into account all the essential factors
Research Article
PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS OF THE GERMAN LANGUAGE AND ITS
COMPOSITION
Submission Date:
May 12, 2023,
Accepted Date:
May 17, 2023,
Published Date:
May 22, 2023
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ijll/Volume03Issue05-21
Tolibaeva G.
Karakalpak State University, Uzbekistan
Abdreymova D.
Karakalpak State University, Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ijll
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 03 Issue 05-2023
104
International Journal Of Literature And Languages
(ISSN
–
2771-2834)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
05
Pages:
103-106
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
6.
997
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
that determine: the grammatical (syntactic) structure,
the way the components of USC are connected.
M.D.Stepanova and I.I.Chernysheva [7, 207] distinguish
the following criteria for the identification of USCS:
1) grammatical (syntactic) structure:
a) phrases and word groups;
b) predicative combinations and sentences.
2) the method of connecting the components of the
USC:
a) single;
b) serial;
c) modeled.
3) meaning as a result of the interaction of structure
and semantic transformation of components.
The application of these criteria makes it possible to
distinguish the following classes of USCS:
1) phraseological units;
2) phraseological combinations;
3) lexical unities.
According to the definition of A.V. Kunin, "a
phraseological unit is a stable combination of words
with a fully or partially reinterpreted meaning" [5, 8].
He points to sustainability as one of the FE criteria. This
stability is based on its inherent different types of
invariance, i.e. the immutability of certain elements
under all regulatory changes. A.V. Kunin identifies the
following types of invariance or microstability [5, 6-8]:
1. Sustainability of use. An indicator of this type of
micro-stability is reproduction in finished form.
2. Structural and semantic stability: The FE consists of
at least two words, is a separately formed formation
and cannot serve as a model for creating similar FE
according to the structural and semantic model.
3. Semantic stability. The invariance of a fully or
partially reinterpreted phraseological meaning is based
on:
a) the stability of the reinterpretation of the meaning;
b) the presence of identical meaning and lexical
invariant in phraseological variants;
c) the presence of semantic and lexical invariant with
all possible differences in structural synonyms.
4. Lexical stability, i.e. the complete irrevocability of
components or the possibility of normative
replacement of components within the framework of
phraseological variation or structural synonymy with
the mandatory preservation of semantic and lexical
invariants.
5. Syntactic stability, i.e. complete immutability of the
order of FE components or changing the order of
components within the framework of variation.
Thus, the stability of FE is the volume of various types
of micro stability inherent in it. A more detailed
definition of FE is given by I.I. Chernysheva.
"Phraseological units are stable verbal complexes of
various structural types with a single coupling of
components, the meaning of which arises as a result of
a complete or partial semantic transformation of the
component composition" [7, 29].
Volume 03 Issue 05-2023
105
International Journal Of Literature And Languages
(ISSN
–
2771-2834)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
05
Pages:
103-106
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
6.
997
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
As noted above, all USCS, including FE, are formed on
the basis of smaller linguistic units - lexemes. Tokens
are components of FE. Some lexemes are "potential
words" [4, 145], because words, being part of
completely reinterpreted FE, lose their subject
correlation. Other lexemes in the FE with a partially
reinterpreted meaning are words. In FE-sentences,
they cannot stand out as members of a sentence. A
member of the proposal is the FEE itself. FE - sentences
can also be used as main or subordinate clauses. The
"potential word" does not have an independent lexical
meaning because it does not have a semantic
structure, but is an element of the semantic structure
of phraseology.
Thus, FE is basically a combination of "potential words"
when completely reinterpreted and a combination of
"potential words" and real words when partially
reinterpreted.
Phraseological units are formed on the basis of a
specific meaning inherent in them in a free phrase.
Semantic renewal occurs due to a more free figurative
use from a specific meaning to an abstract one. Some
researchers consider the transformation of semantics
to be the only specific feature that characterizes FE and
distinguishes them from all other stable verbal
complexes [1, 29].
The new metaphorical meaning tends to merge, to
some simplification. In parallel, there is usually a loss of
some parts of the phrase, those words that most
related to the specific meaning of the original phrase.
Being subjected to the process of phraseological units,
they acquire a new phraseological meaning. Words -
components within phraseological units lose all or part
of their subject-logical content. Sometimes, on the
basis of the initial phraseological units of free phrases,
a secondary transfer of meaning occurs. This can
explain the ambiguity of some FE. All FE that
implement a component common to a number of FE
are characterized by thematic diversity.
FE are used to name subjectively significant physical,
mental and social situations, as well as a person's
condition. They perform an expressive and evaluative
function. Some researchers recognize FE only as an
expressive function, arguing that they lack a
nominative function. For example, V.M. Nikitin writes:
"Phraseological units are not phenomena of language,
but phenomena of style... They do not have their own
nominative function" [4, 69].
The spheres of stylistic functioning of FICTION -
oratory, satirical stories, the language of individual
authors - continue to be the subject of research. FE is
considered as a means of artistic representation in
their expressive and emotional function. S.I. Roizenzon
calls
phraseology
"the
emotional-expressive
equivalent of a word or a free combination" [6, 73].
We believe that phraseological units should be
considered in the complex and the relationship of their
nominative and expressive-evaluative functions.
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Volume 03 Issue 05-2023
106
International Journal Of Literature And Languages
(ISSN
–
2771-2834)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
05
Pages:
103-106
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
6.
997
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
школа», Дубна, Издательский центр «
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