Volume 02 Issue 12-2022
8
International Journal Of Literature And Languages
(ISSN
–
2771-2834)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
12
Pages:
08-11
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
METADATA
IF
–
5.914
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ABSTRACT
The article deals with the issue of the popular and currently relevant scientific directions as cognitive linguistics and
conceptology. The scientific approaches to the study of the key concept of conceptology are described.
KEYWORDS
Concept, conceptology, cognitive linguistics, linguoculturology, conceptosphere.
INTRODUCTION
As the analysis of the scientific literature shows, today
there are two main approaches to the study of
concepts: linguocognitive and linguocultural.
Cognitive linguistics is a rapidly developing area of
modern linguistics. Cognitive linguistics, separated
from cognitive science in the middle of the 1970s, is still
perceived by many scientists ambiguously. This
circumstance causes countless discussions and
disputes in the scientific environment and prevents the
formation of the terminosystem of this scientific
direction.
Cognitive linguistics is a direction of modern linguistics,
which focuses on language as a tool for organizing,
processing and transmitting information, and at the
same time as a kind of human cognitive ability.
Research Article
THE STUDY OF THE CONCEPT IN LINGUOCOGNITIVE AND
LINGUOCULTURAL CONCEPT
Submission Date:
December 01, 2022,
Accepted Date:
December 05, 2022,
Published Date:
December 09, 2022
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ijll/Volume02Issue12-02
Kushmatova Mehrniso
Phd Student, Fergana State University, Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ijll
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 02 Issue 12-2022
9
International Journal Of Literature And Languages
(ISSN
–
2771-2834)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
12
Pages:
08-11
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
METADATA
IF
–
5.914
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
It is an actively explored area of research. The first
works in this field were published in the USA in the
middle of the 1970s, and subsequently the works of
European and Russian cognitivists saw the light.
Until the early 1990s "cognitive linguistics was a set of
individual research programs, weakly connected or not
connected at all" [2, p. 21-22]. Even at present,
cognitive linguistics is not a single scientific field; it still
lacks a unitary concept of development and a certain
set of research approaches. In this sense, cognitive
scientists are not limited in their choice, they are
provided with a wide interdisciplinary range of various
techniques and research methods of such sciences as
linguistics, psychology, sociology, ethnography,
political science, philosophy, etc.
The concept is connected with human thinking. The
analysis of the concept as a thinking quintessence
begins with the study of the representation of the
concept in language, i.e. with the consideration of
specific language units, which can provide an
understanding of the concept. Only through
verbalization does a concept become comprehensible
to the general perception. Thus objectification of a
concept has individual character, each person
depending on a gender, age or a profession verbalizes
this or that concept differently. Study of concepts is
carried out by means of revealing and analysis of
language means of their representation, and also
modeling of their structure.
Heterogeneity and ambiguity of the structural
organization of a concept have been clear and visible
since the very beginning of cognitive research.
Therefore, there are quite a lot of approaches to the
study of the concept, and they are all diverse.
Depending on the science, the subject of which is a
concept, today the following main scientific
approaches to its study are distinguished: 1)
linguocognitive; 2) linguocultural; 3) psycholinguistic /
neuropsycholinguistic; 4) semantic; 5) logical-
conceptual; 6) logical; 7) integrative.
With all the variety of approaches to the study of
concepts, currently we can talk about two more
substantiated and supported by the scientific
community - linguocognitive and linguocultural
approaches. According to V. I. Karasik, "these
approaches differ in vectors in relation to the
individual: the linguocognitive concept is a direction
from individual consciousness to culture, and the
linguocultural concept is a direction from culture to
individual consciousness". [1, с. 97].
The representatives of the linguocognitive approach
are N. D. Arutyunova, E. S. Kubryakova, Z. D. Popova, I.
A. Sternin, V. N. Telia, G. G. Slyshkin, V. G. Kostomarov,
A. P. Babushkin, S. A. Askoldov, etc.
Within the framework of the linguocognitive approach
researchers define a concept as something modeling
and generalizing cognitive activity of an individual.
Researchers, studying a concept from this point of
view, treat it as a mental formation in human
consciousness,
which
helps
to
reach
the
conceptosphere (the language picture of the world).
The basis of human knowledge about the world is such
unit of information as a concept, and language reveals
and verbalizes what a person has seen and understood
in the world around him.
I.A. Sternin interprets a concept as "a complex thinking
unit that turns different sides in the process of thinking
activity, actualizing its different attributes and layers"
[3, p. 27]. I. A. Sternin for the first time develops a field
Volume 02 Issue 12-2022
10
International Journal Of Literature And Languages
(ISSN
–
2771-2834)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
12
Pages:
08-11
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
METADATA
IF
–
5.914
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
model of the structure of the concept. At that the
scientist pays attention to the fact that the structure of
a concept is very multilayered and diverse and that is
why a concept model is not rigid and forever definite.
Over time, the concept itself may undergo various
changes, its content may vary, and what was in one
conceptual layer, for various reasons, may pass into
another. I. A. Sternin defined the presence of a core
and periphery in a concept. Thus, the field model of the
concept by Z. D. Popova and I.A. Sternin look as
follows: 1) the core - a bright image; 2) base layers -
various conceptual signs; 3) an interpretive field
containing interpretations of the content of the core
and conceptual signs and belonging to individual or
national consciousness.
The organization of the experimental part of our study,
the development and interpretation on the basis of the
linguistic experiment of the concept of business are
based on the structure proposed by Z. D. Popova and
I.A. Sternin. In order to build a nominative field of the
studied concept, verbalizing its associative layer, a free
associative experiment as a method widely known and
actively used not only in cognitive linguistics, but also
in other sciences was applied. This method makes it
possible to obtain a rich linguistic material, which is
necessary for the construction of the interpretive layer
of the concept.
On the basis of the obtained results the model of the
associative field of the business concept, reflecting the
semantic content of the nominate of the concept of
the same name in the consciousness of the modern
generation, was constructed. Thus, it was found
experimentally that the interpretive field of the
concept business included such lexemes as money,
work, car, corruption, business, credit, risk,
communication, competition, etc., presented below,
depending on the frequency of use. A high percentage
among the units of the nominative field of the concept
business are the newest borrowings of the late 20th -
early 21st century, according to O. G. Shitova's
terminology - the newest xeno-lexics [5, p. 7-8]. They
include such lexemes as business lunch, racketeer,
default, promotion, merchandiser, creative, etc.
Thus, the totality of the received reactions helps to
make an idea of what meaning lies behind the studied
concept for the carriers of modern culture. It can be
assumed that all the obtained reactions are not
random, they are conditioned by the status, education,
activity of a person and fit into the general processes
of language, studied by modern cognitive linguistics.
Thus, the linguistic and cognitive approach in the study
of concepts involves the study of culture and the world
around through the consciousness of the individual.
The completely opposite is the linguocultural
approach, which proceeds, respectively, from culture
to
the
individual
consciousness.
From
the
linguocultural point of view, the concept is considered
a basic unit of culture, it is the result of an individual's
cultural knowledge. Linguoculturology emerged at the
junction of linguistics and culturology.
The term "linguoculturology" appeared in recent
decades, in connection with the works of the school of
phraseology, led by V. N. Telia. Linguoculturologist V.A.
Maslova develops the concept of key concepts of
culture by which she means the nuclear (basic) units of
the world picture possessing existential significance
both for an individual linguist and for the linguocultural
community as a whole [2, p. 51]. As a result of the
analysis of the concepts V.A. Maslova comes to the
conclusion that there are a lot of cultural concepts in
any language, much more than it may initially seem.
Volume 02 Issue 12-2022
11
International Journal Of Literature And Languages
(ISSN
–
2771-2834)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
12
Pages:
08-11
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
METADATA
IF
–
5.914
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
Cultural concepts play a significant role in the collective
language consciousness, and therefore their study is a
very popular and topical direction of linguocultural
studies
nowadays.
One
of
the
brightest
representatives of the linguocultural approach to
research is Y. S. Stepanov. For him a concept is "a
subject of emotions, sympathies and antipathies, and
sometimes even collisions. A concept is the main cell of
culture in the human mental world" [4, p. 41].
For the scientist, the concept refers to the values that
represent
elements
of
both
the
linguistic
consciousness of the nation and the individual
consciousness of a person. According to Y. S.
Stepanov, the following components are distinguished
in the composition of the concept: "(1) the main, actual
attribute; (2) additional or several additional, "passive"
attributes that are no longer actual, "historical"; (3) the
internal form, usually not realized at all, captured in the
external,
verbal form". [4, с. 44].
Linguocultural and linguocognitive approaches to
concept understanding are not mutually exclusive: "a
concept as mental formation in consciousness of an
individual is an exit on conceptosphere of a society,
that is, eventually, on culture, and a concept as unit of
culture is fixation of collective experience which
becomes property of an individual. In other words,
these approaches differ in their vectors in relation to
the individual: the linguocognitive concept is a
direction from individual consciousness to culture, and
the linguocultural concept is a direction from culture to
individual consciousness".
The lack of a single definition is connected with the fact
that the concept has a complex, multidimensional
structure, which includes, in addition to the conceptual
basis, the socio-psycho-cultural part, which is not so
much thought by a native speaker, as experienced by
him, it includes associations, emotions, evaluations,
national images and connotations inherent in the
culture.
Thus, this paper has presented two main approaches
to the study of concepts. The considered approaches
to a greater or lesser degree represent a concept as a
mental way of representation of reality in
consciousness of people, as a semantic formation
carrying the important cultural information and finding
its concrete verbal or iconic expression in language.
Within the framework of different scientific
approaches the understanding of the concept can
deviate from this definition, i.e. a unified definition of
the concept has not been elaborated so far.
REFERENCES
1.
Karasik V. I. Language circle: personality,
concepts, discourse. - Volgograd: Peremena,
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2.
Maslova V. A. Introduction to cognitive
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2011. -
296 с.
3.
Popova Z. D. Sternin I. A. Cognitive linguistics. -
Moscow: ACT: East-West, 2010. -
314 с.
4.
Stepanov Y. S. Constants. Dictionary of Russian
culture. Experience of research. - Moscow:
Languages of Russian culture, 1997. -
824 с.
5.
Shitov A. G., Shitova O. G. The newest xeno-
lexics in the speech of a teacher-verbalist // An
integrated approach to the training of a
specialist-researcher: theses of the reports of
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