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International Journal Of Literature And Languages
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2771-2834)
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ABSTRACT
The purpose of this article is to provide more detailed description of the phrase "Realism". The article will cover the
information of the genre of realism and how it developed, as well as the writing style of American and English authors.
KEYWORDS
Stories, the realistic legend, metaphor, imagery, non-dramatic life, magical realism, social realism, naturalism,
psychological realism, sink realism, socialist realism.
INTRODUCTION
It is crucial for literary students to understand the
differences between English literature and American
literature because both have contributed significantly
to the definition of literature. As you are already aware,
literature refers to a wide range of written works,
particularly those with lasting artistic value. It is
present in almost every nation and is not restricted to
any one region. Literature written in France is referred
to as French writing, whereas literature published in
India is referred to as Indian literature. As a result,
literature is a dispersed academic field over the world.
Despite the fact that literature varies from nation to
nation, studying literature will lead to the development
of critical thinking skills, which are essential for the
development of a person's character and personality.
English literature and American literature are the two
geographical literary subgenres that this essay aims to
examine. Keep in mind that both names originally had
Research Article
THE HISTORY OF THE GENRE OF REALISM IN ENGLISH SPOKEN
COUNTRIES
Submission Date:
June 08, 2022,
Accepted Date:
June 18, 2022,
Published Date:
June 29, 2022
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ijll/Volume02Issue06-04
Asila A. Chorieva
Student, Uzbek State University of World Languages, Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ijll
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 02 Issue 06-2022
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International Journal Of Literature And Languages
(ISSN
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VOLUME
02
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06
Pages:
19-24
SJIF
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(2021:
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(2022:
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OCLC
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METADATA
IF
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5.914
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
the same meaning when America was a British colony.
Since the early 17th century, when America was not a
British territory and literature was only beginning to
bloom, this has acquired a new connotation. The term
"English literature" refers to a div of written works
produced in Great Britain and her colonies between the
7th century and the present.
THE MAIN RESULTS AND FINDINGS
The exotic and poetic romanticism that had dominated
the art world in earlier decades was drastically altered
by the realist painting movement of the nineteenth
century. Literary realism, in particular, gave rise to a
new writing style and a new generation of writers
whose impact can still be seen in modern English and
American literature. Literary realism is a literary
movement that portrays everyday occurrences as
though they were actual in order to convey reality. It
describes well-known characters, settings, and
narratives, mainly those that take place in society's
lower and middle classes. Literary realism is to present
the truth as accurately as possible rather than
romanticizing or dramatizing the story.
The realist art movement, which got its start in France
in the 19th century and persisted through the early
20th, includes literary realism. It got its start as a
response to romanticism in the eighteenth century and
the emergence of the bourgeoisie in Europe. Romantic
literature was thought to be exceedingly exotic and
out of touch with reality.
French realist writers, who published their works in
series, novels, and newspapers, are where literary
realism first emerged. Early realism authors included
Gustave Flaubert, the father of the realistic tale we
know today, and Honore de Balzac, whose works
featured complex characters and in-depth societal
insights.
William Dean Howells, a well-known author of books
depicting middle-class living, was the first American
realism author to publish in the country. The first well-
known author from Central America, Samuel Clemens
(often known as Mark Twain), was another early
American realism. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn
was the first book to capture the culture and voice of
that region of the country when it was released in 1884.
Similar to this, The Red Badge of Courage by Stephen
Crane, published in 1895, described actual but rare
occurrences that occurred on the battlefield. These
tales serve as an inspiration for more American authors
to speak truthfully about life's hardships, including war
and poverty. John Steinbeck, Upton Sinclair, Jack
London, Edith Wharton, Henry James, and others are
notable realism writers from the United States.
Think only of the real word when attempting to
understand realism in literature. Realism is based on
“actual” day-to-day life, as opposed to adding filters or
fiction to your own imaginary world. Therefore, the
literary realism is comparable to the original Snap chat
filter-free shot. Heroes with actual jobs and struggles
can be found in realism. A realistic piece of art might,
for instance, show a typical farmer's day in the life. A
realist writer will show you the non-dramatic life and
dialect of the area rather than an intriguing metaphor
or imagery.
Early nineteenth-century literature is when realism first
emerged. In response to romanticism, this genre
emerged. Instead of producing exotic, romantic works
that had nothing to do with reality, realist artists and
authors preferred to return to the observations of
society. Honore de Balzac's Human Comedy is among
the most well-known early examples of realism in
literature. It was a roughly 90-book series that
examined French society.
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Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
It's easy to overlook literary realism. It contains a
number of traditional components for crafting a work
of literary realism.
Reliable plot (an incident that could happen in your
city); the real dialects of the area; Character
development is important; the importance of
describing the social class realistic characters and
settings.
The genre of literary realism centers on individuals and
situations in real life. Even actual human dialects are
studied by him. People can observe the period's
unadulterated conditions in addition to learning an
intriguing story about it. It can also serve as a potent
commentary on how to change things for a certain set
of people. Knowing what realism is now allows you to
explore magical realism in greater depth or discover
the delights of surrealism in literature.
In literature, realism comes in six different forms. In the
works of numerous authors, six varieties of realism are
listed. As follows:
As in Gabriel Garcia Marquez's books and short tales,
magical realism presents fantasy as reality.
As in Hugo's novel The Unfortunate, social realism
portrays the actual living circumstances of employees.
Psychological realism: It depicts the interior lives of
characters found in real-world writings, such as those
by Dostoevsky.
Sink As in John Bryan's books, "Realism for the
Kitchen" demonstrates the realism of the young British
working class.
According to Gladkov, socialist realism is realism that
honors the struggles of the working class. Gladkov
makes this point in his novels.
A literary fiction and artistic movement called magical
realism. It portrays a realistic vision of the world while
also incorporating magical elements, frequently
dealing with the blending of fantasy and reality. The
phrase "magical realism" refers to literature in which
magical or supernatural events are depicted in other
real or secular environments. It is most frequently used
to describe novels and dramatic performances 1–5.
Because magical realism uses a lot of real details and
uses magical elements to express opinions about
reality, it is typically a different genre from fantasy
even though it contains some magical elements. This is
because imaginary stories frequently diverge from
reality. Literary realism and fantasy are less thorough
forms of writing than magical realism, which is
frequently considered as a blend of actual and magical
components. According to Matthew Stretcher (1999),
magical realism is "what happens when something
really weird occupies something too strange to believe
in a highly precise, realistic setting." The phrase is not
rigidly critical but has a broad connotation. As many
authors fit under the umbrella of magical realists, this
word and its broad definition can frequently be
confused. The word was influenced by the same-
named 1920s German and Italian painting movements.
The German origins of this phrase and the connections
between earlier magical realistic art and later magical
realistic literature are examined by Irene Guenther
(1995). However, Latin American literature, notably
that of Colombia and its founders, is frequently linked
to magical realism. Gabriel Garcia Marquez, Isabel
Allende, Jorge Luis Borges, Juan Rulfo, Miguel Angel
Asturias, Elena Garro, Mireya Robles, Romulo Gallegos,
and Arturo UslarPietri are among of the genre's most
well-known authors. Neil Gaiman, Salmon Rushdie,
Alice Hoffman, Nick Joaquin, and Nicola Barker are
some of his key literary influences in English literature.
Nabarun Bhattacharya, Akteruzzaman Elias, Shahidul-
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Zahir, Jibanananda Das, and Sayyid Valiullah are well-
known Bengali authors who specialize in magical
realism. Haruki Murakami is one of this genre's most
significant writers in Japanese literature. In their most
well-known
works,
the
Kannada
authors
ShivaramKaranth and DevanurMahadeva incorporated
magical realism. Olga Tokarchuk, the 2018 Nobel Prize
in Literature laureate, will illustrate magical realism in
Polish literature.
The communists embraced this brand of realism that
Joseph Stalin produced. The proletariat's battles are
exalted in socialist realism. The socialist-realist novel
Cement by Fyodor Gladkov, published in 1925, is about
the effort to rebuild the Soviet Union following the
Russian Revolution.
Naturalism, which Emil Zola established, learns to
believe that science can explain all social and
environmental issues under the influence of Charles
Darwin's theory of evolution, an extreme kind of
realism. The Rose of Emily by William Faulkner,
published in 1930, is a short tale about a desolate man
with a mental disease whose destiny has already been
decided realist psychology. This kind of character:
based on realism, something that influences their
choices and their motivations. Characters in
psychological realism are occasionally used to make
political or social commentary. Crime and Punishment
by Fyodor Dostoevsky, published in 1866, is a
psychologically realistic story about a guy who
schemes to kill a man to escape poverty but has intense
guilt and paranoia as a result. The late nineteenth-
century literary trend known as naturalism, which
shares literary realism's rejection of romanticism, is
distinguished by its commitment to include
determinism, separation, and scientific objectivity and
social commentary. Literary naturalism places a strong
emphasis on observation and a scientific approach to
reality representation. Separation, defined as the
opposition to free choice, determinism, in which the
character's fate is decided, even predetermined, by the
impersonal forces of nature outside of human control,
and the belief that the world itself is indifferent to
human life are all characteristics of naturalism. The
book is an experiment that allows the author to
identify and examine the forces or scientific principles
that affect behavior, such as emotions, genetics, and
environment. The beliefs of French author Emile Zola
form a big part of the movement.
In literature, psychological fiction (as well as
psychological realism) is a kind of storytelling that
stresses the inner character and motivation to examine
the spiritual, emotional, and spiritual lives of the
protagonists. The narrative style analyzes the reasons
behind the protagonist's actions that fuel the plot and
explain the story. A character's interior state of mind
must be thoroughly examined and explained in order
to create psychological realism, typically using
storytelling devices like the flow of consciousness and
memory.
In the late 1950s and early 1960s, the British cultural
movement known as kitchen sink realism (also known
as kitchen sink drama) was at its height. Its
protagonists were frequently referred to as "angry
guys" with contemporary society. In order to examine
contentious social and political problems ranging from
abortion to homelessness, he employed the social
realism method to show the living situations of British
workers who reside in small rental homes and engage
in filthy bar drinking after work. The so-called "well-
crafted plays" of the preceding generation stood in
stark contrast to the rigorous, realistic approach.
The "kitchen sink drama" of honey's flavor is
astounding. The character of Joe, a 17-year-old
schoolgirl having an affair with a black sailor, is
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VOLUME
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Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
performed by Joan Plow Wright in this 1960
photograph taken by a Broadway producer (played by
Billy Di Williams). Films, plays, and books in this genre
frequently use the accents and rhythms of the
downtrodden industrial areas in the north of England
where they are set. The first of the genre was Sunday
always rained (1947), and the first of its sort was "Look
Back in Anger" by John Osborne (1956). For instance,
in "Look Back in Anger," the difficult love triangle takes
place in a cramped, one-bedroom apartment in the
English Midlands. The character in Shelagh Delaney's
1958 drama The Taste of Honey (which was adapted
into a movie with the same name in 1961) had an affair
with a black sailor, became pregnant, and then moved
in with a gay man's acquaintance. It centers on a young
student and brings up themes of class, ethnicity,
gender, and sexual orientation. Television shows like
Coronation Street and East Enders continued to use
genre elements into the 2000s.
In the visual arts, where art critic David Sylvester
referred to himself as the Beaux Arts Quartet in 1954,
the phrase "kitchen sink school" was first used to refer
to a group of painters who portrayed socially realistic
situations from ordinary life.
In order to criticize the power structures that are
responsible for the true socio-political situations of the
working class, artists, printers, photographers, writers,
and filmmakers utilize the term "social realism" to call
attention to these conditions. Although the
movement's qualities differ from country to country,
pictorial or critical realism is virtually always used.
The 1930s painting "American Gothic" by Grant Wood
is
a
well-known
(and
frequently
parodied)
representation of social realism.
The phrase is occasionally used in a more specific sense
to refer to an artistic movement that grew between
the two world wars as a reaction to the difficulties and
issues faced by common people after the Great
Depression. Artists and nameless workers used
accurate representations of famous people as heroic
heroes of power in the face of hardship to reach a
bigger audience for their art. The artists' goal was
political since they intended to hold the current social
and political systems responsible for the deteriorating
conditions of the working class and the impoverished.
Contrary to popular belief, social realism is not the
same as socialist realism, an official Soviet art
movement started by Joseph Stalin and later adopted
by allied communist parties around the world in 1934.
It also differs from realism in that it conveys
contradictions between the two opposing forces, such
as those between peasants and their feudal lords, in
addition to presenting the conditions of the poor. The
terms social realism and socialist realism, however, are
occasionally used synonymously.
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, literature is a reflection of society. It has
countless threads that can be woven together to
create a lovely piece of art. Each thread in creative
work has an own meaning. In narrating literature, there
are various narrative techniques. In literature, realism
refers to a style that aims to depict life without
romanticizing or idealizing it. The literary trend in
nineteenth-century France, particularly the French
novelists Flaubert and Balzac, is sometimes linked with
realism, despite the fact that it is not specific to any era
or set of authors. Realistically, character is a byproduct
of the social aspect in the common daily experiences of
the middle and lower classes. Depending on the
situation and time, the word "reality" is frequently
used. Realistic portrayals of reality have been referred
to as fine arts and realism in literature, respectively.
Each of these applications includes a comparison
Volume 02 Issue 06-2022
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VOLUME
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Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
between human idea or imagination and unrelated
external reality. In literature and art, realism is the
pursuit of life. He portrays reality, leaves nothing
painful or nasty, and does not idealize anything. A well-
known artistic movement called realism got its start in
the 18th century. It had become an art form by the
middle of the nineteenth century.
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