Volume 02 Issue 04-2022
10
International Journal Of Literature And Languages
(ISSN
–
2771-2834)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
04
Pages:
10-18
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2022:
5.829
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
METADATA
IF
–
5.914
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ABSTRACT
The polyethnic aspects of modern English include important aspects of modern English linguistics. While English has
the status of a global language spoken all over the world, it has its characteristics and aspects that are formed
between different nations and peoples. The article examines the sociolinguistic, comparative-typological, structural-
semantic, communicative-pragmatic aspects of the English language, which are widespread in the world and specific
to certain peoples. In our study, the analysis of different approaches to the regional variants of literary English, and
the analysis of differences and similarities between the variants allowed us to draw certain conclusions about the
literary variant of English.
KEYWORDS
Polyethnic languages, modern English linguistics, regional variants of literary English, pure English, local dialects.
INTRODUCTION
The implementation of reforms in the social,
economic, cultural and educational spheres in our
country from the first days of independence sets
important tasks for the future of the youth of our
great state to bring up a harmoniously developed
generation with full maturity, physical strength and
Research Article
POLYETHNIC LANGUAGES AND THEIR DISTINCTIVE FEATURES IN
MODERN LINGUISTICS
Submission Date:
April 05, 2022,
Accepted Date:
April 10, 2022,
Published Date:
April 17, 2022
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ijll/Volume02Issue04-02
Qo'chqorova Muhabbatxon Yigitaliyevna
Assistant, Department of Language Teaching, Fergana Polytechnic Institute, Fergana, Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.c
om/index.php/ijll
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 02 Issue 04-2022
11
International Journal Of Literature And Languages
(ISSN
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VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
04
Pages:
10-18
SJIF
I
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FACTOR
(2022:
5.829
)
OCLC
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1121105677
METADATA
IF
–
5.914
Publisher:
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Servi
intellectual potential. This, first of all, requires the
spiritual and moral upbringing of the next generation,
their knowledge, broad outlook and faith [1,2].
The main tasks arising from the resolutions and
decrees and speeches of President Sh.M.Mirziyoyev
are to raise the level of education and upbringing of
higher education workers, to ensure the full
development of the nation's spirituality and
knowledge, the humanities of public education, the
involvement of advanced pedagogical technologies.
[3,4,5].
The strengthening of social, economic, political and
cultural ties of the Republic of Uzbekistan with
developed countries has had a significant impact on
the development of the Uzbek language, in particular,
its vocabulary. The Action Strategy for the five priority
areas of development of the Republic of Uzbekistan
for 2017-2021 identifies the issues of "active attraction
of foreign investment in sectors and regions of the
economy by improving the investment climate" as a
priority strategic direction has brought to a new level
the training of specialists who can create
methodological manuals at the required level,
translate from foreign languages into Uzbek [6-10].
This research work to a certain extent will serve to
implement the tasks defined by the Decree of the
Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan
dated May 8, 2013 No. 124 "On approval of the
educational standard in foreign languages of the
system of continuous education", Decree of the
President of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated May 13,
2016, No. UP-4797 " on the establishment of the
Tashkent State University of the Uzbek Language and
Literature named after Alisher Navoi”, Decree of the
President of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated
December 10, 2012, No. PP-1875 “On measures to
further improve the system of studying foreign
languages” and other regulatory legal acts [7-9].
Indeed, the role of modern pedagogical technologies
in the development of the youth of the Republic as
educated, enlightened people is invaluable. Ensuring
that the knowledge, skills and competencies acquired
in the educational process meet the requirements of
world educational standards is one of the main tasks
today. The solution to linguistic problems is
undoubted of great importance in carrying out this
work [11-14].
Knowledge of foreign languages is of special
importance for each language to gain a deeper
understanding of the spiritual riches of nations, to
gain a deeper understanding of the life, history,
culture, and psychology of nations and peoples. We all
know that knowledge of other foreign languages is of
great importance in strengthening and developing
friendships and cooperation between the nations of
the world. It is known that our ancestors, who lived
and worked in the past, sought to know several
foreign languages, including Arabic, Persian, Hebrew,
Sanskrit, Latin, Greek and others, and wrote rare
works in these languages. For example, the great
thinker, poet and statesman Alisher Navoi was fluent
in Arabic, Persian and Hebrew and worked effectively
in three languages - Turkish, Arabic and Persian. Such
a great talent can be seen in the works of Abu Ali Ibn
Sina, al-Khwarizmi, Abu Rayhan Beruni, Abu Nasr
Farabi and other great compatriots. We know from
history that our great ancestors, who were very
talented, made an invaluable contribution to world
civilization with their scientific works and examples of
creativity. It is no secret that from ancient times the
cities of our country have been known throughout the
world as a centre of knowledge and enlightenment
[15-19].
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(2022:
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IF
–
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We know that English is one of the second most
spoken languages in the world. The number of
learners of this language is growing day by day. In
almost every corner of the world, there are many who
speak and understand English. English is also the
number one digital language of communication.
Therefore, it is very important to teach English to the
younger generation in order for our country to be
among other countries in this period of rapid
development. Realizing this situation, our people have
recently had a natural need to learn English. Adequate
conditions have been created in the education system
of the country for this purpose, and teaching English
to children from the first grades of kindergarten and
school has been established [20-25].
English language classes in educational institutions of
our country are conducted based on standard English,
ie pronunciation standards adopted in the United
Kingdom. This ensures that students learn pure
English, that is, without mixing its various local
dialects. The fact that English is widespread in many
parts of the world and is spoken by different peoples
and nations in different regions shows that it has
several national variants, dialects and dialects. From a
sociolinguistic point of view, English is one of the
leading polyethnic languages in the world today.
Accordingly, the national variants of English used by
representatives of different nationalities speaking this
language differ from each other on several levels of
language.
LITERATURE REVIEW
Many scholars have researched the subject of the
interregional variant of literary English. Among them
are A.A.Abduazizov, A.A.Garntseva, T.A.Rastorgueva,
I.P.
Ivanova,
L.P.Chaxoyan,
O.V.Aleksandrova,
A.D.Shveitser, I.V.Arnold, T.M.Belyaeva, I.A.Potapova,
M.M.Makovskiy, G.B.Antrushina; Of the English
linguists Becks, Tony, Richard J.. Watts, Blake,
Burridge, Bernd Kortmann, Crowley, Crystal, Durkin,
Laura, JS Wells, Hickey, Raymond, Peter Trudgill,
Collins, etc. can be listed [26-28].
American scientists Harder, S.Jane, Thomas Sheridan,
W.Edgar, Jeremy, Hudson, Binder, David, Tungsten
Walt are also among the researchers who have
worked on this topic [29-31].
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Comparative-typological,
structural-semantic,
lingvopragmatic,
lingvostylistic,
lingvocognitive,
lingvoculturological, contextual, deductive, inductive
and statistical analysis methods were used as
methods of scientific analysis of the research.
Language achieves global language status only when
it has recognized importance in the whole country,
and this is mainly evident in the example of languages
spoken by a large number of people in different
countries of the world as their mother tongue. When
taken on an English scale, this situation can be seen in
the United States, Canada, Britain, Ireland, Australia,
New Zealand, South Africa, several Caribbean
countries, Asian countries, and many others. The fact
that the Spanish language is used in about 20
countries other than Spain, mainly in Latin America, is
another example of the above idea. Also, the mere
use of a language as a mother tongue alone cannot
give it global language status. To obtain such status, a
language must be used in several countries as the
first, second official language or main foreign
language. In this case, the number of users of the
language as a native language does not matter. Two
main factors are important for a language to have
global language status [32-37].
First, the language is officially used in several
countries around the world as a primary means of
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VOLUME
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(2022:
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METADATA
IF
–
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communication in important areas of the state, such
as the government, the judiciary, the media, and the
education system. Today, such official language status
is reflected in the scale of English, which has an
important position in more than 70 countries, such as
India, Nigeria, Singapore, Ghana, Vanuatu. Such an
official significance of the English language is quite
different from the status achieved by French, German,
Spanish, Russian and Arabic, which have significant
official significance in a number of countries.
Second, the language can be considered a leader in
the field of foreign language teaching in several
countries of the world, although this language has no
official significance in these countries. At the same
time, the language is the main foreign language that
children learn in the country's educational institutions
from an early age. There will also be ample
opportunities in the country for adults to learn the
language. For example, in the countries of Southeast
Asia, Mandarin Chinese is of special importance, and
in these countries, the language is taught. strong
attention is paid. At present, English is widely taught
as a foreign language in more than 100 countries,
including China, Russia, Germany, Spain, Egypt, and
Brazil.
From the above observations, it can be concluded
that there are several factors for a language to be the
official language of a country. A country may have the
status of an official language of one language, or this
status may apply to several languages at the same
time. Sometimes a language has a “semi-official”
status and can be used only in certain areas of the
state, or it has a certain official significance and is
secondary to another language. Many countries
officially state the state language in their
constitutions (for example, Uzbekistan, India), and in
some countries, it is not specifically mentioned (for
example, Britain). However, there are several reasons
why a language should be chosen as the main foreign
language taught in a particular country: historical
traditions, political compatibility, commercial, cultural
and technological relations, etc.
In a well-off society, attention is paid to foreign
language teaching through the media, libraries, and
educational institutions. Improving the number and
skills of language teachers is considered one of the
priorities in the field of public education. Availability of
training materials such as books, visual aids, and
telecommunications tools will be provided. All the
opportunities listed above are now available in our
country, all of which are related to the teaching of
foreign languages in our country. which is a testament
to the fact that it is viewed as a topical issue of today.
In some countries, the achievement of the goal of
language
teaching
lags
due
to
insufficient
government support and other reasons [38-44].
We know that no society can exist without language
and that no language can be formed or developed
without society. Language is an essential means of
communication for all, whether it is a small tribe, a
smaller nation, or a large nation. Some languages are
spoken by a very small number of people, while
others are spoken by millions of people. A polyethnic
language is a language that is spoken and studied
internationally and used by a large number of people
as a second language. Not only the number of
speakers of this language (as a mother tongue and a
second language) but also its importance in
international organizations and diplomatic relations,
as well as its geographical distribution plays an
important role in achieving the status of a polyethnic
language. We can see this in the example of English,
French, Russian, Chinese, German, and Spanish, which
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International Journal Of Literature And Languages
(ISSN
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VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
04
Pages:
10-18
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2022:
5.829
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
METADATA
IF
–
5.914
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
are used by many people in different parts of the
world.
Until the early twentieth century, French was an
important
language
for
communication
and
diplomatic relations in several European countries,
including Russia, Greece, Romania, Bulgaria, Turkey,
as well as in Egypt, Lebanon, Iran, and South America,
especially among the intelligentsia. Although it lost its
former prestige after World War II, is still a working
language for many international organizations.
Currently, French is the official language in countries
other than France, such as the Democratic Republic of
the Congo, Canada, Madagascar, and Cameroon.
According to 2015 data, French is now recognized as
the only official language in 13 countries and as a semi-
official language in 16 countries [45-47].
Arabic has gained international significance as a
sacred language in the Islamic world, especially in the
Middle East and North Africa, as well as in Muslim
societies (liturgical) outside the Arab world. Currently,
Arabic is used as a semi-official language in several
countries such as Algeria, Sudan, Iraq, Morocco, and
Chad, and as an official language in Egypt, Saudi
Arabia, Yemen, the United Arab Emirates, Jordan,
Libya, Oman, Qatar, and Kuwait.
Standard Chinese has replaced classical Chinese,
which served as a historical lingua franca in Far East
Asia until the early twentieth century, and is now
widely spoken and taught internationally not only in
China but also in Oceania among people who speak
different dialects of Chinese.
Russian was the official language in the former Soviet
Union and was mandatory in educational institutions.
However, the disintegration of the former Soviet
Union also affected the demand for language use and
learning.
Today, Russian is the state language of the RSFSR,
spoken by 150 million people. The Russian Ministry of
Education reported in December 2013 that the
number of Russian speakers had decreased by around
100 million over the past few decades.
Spanish is the main language used during the Spanish
Empire and is now used in many countries in Spain
and Latin America (except Brazil, French Guinea, Haiti
and the Caribbean). It is also widely spoken in the
southern regions of the United States. German is a
language that covers a large part of Europe. for
several centuries, especially during the time of the
Holy Roman Empire, and later during Austro-
Hungarian rule, Lingua served as the French language.
It has not lost its prestige in the international scientific
community and is important as a second language in
Central and Eastern European countries.
German is the state language of the Federal Republic
of Germany, and the Republic of Austria, and the
number of speakers of this language exceeds 100
million. Hindi, the official language of the Republic of
India today, is spoken by more than 450 million
people. Although Hindi, Bengali and, to a lesser
extent, Tamil, the main languages of the Indian
subcontinent, are among the most widely recognized
languages in the region and internationally, this is
largely a regional indicator. For example, the number
of Bengali speakers with a rich literary history (fifth or
sixth on the list of most spoken languages with 230
million speakers) is greater than the number of
speakers of French as a mother tongue.
However, French is used as an intercontinental
spoken language in international trade and other
diplomatic relations, and the number of users of this
language as a second language around the world is
significant. Given that the majority of Bengali speakers
are indigenous Bengali, it should be noted that the
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)
OCLC
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METADATA
IF
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area of application of this language is limited by its
territory.
According to sources, for a language to achieve global
language status, it must combine the following
features:
Having a large number of speakers;
Significant use of the language as a second
language (as a lingua franca);
Having official status in several countries;
Use in several regions of the world;
Importance in multinational societies;
Have one or more standards of teaching as a
foreign language;
Linguistic significance;
Use in international trade relations;
Use in international organizations;
Application in scientific sources;
The language that is widely spoken and rapidly
spreading today is undoubtedly English. According to
the latest data, more than 840 million people
worldwide use this language as their mother tongue
or second language. Also, more than 700 million
people are learning it as a foreign language, of which
more than 200 million learners are contributed by the
Chinese state. It should also be noted that it is very
difficult to determine the level and exact amount of
language proficiency of learners.
Today, English is used by different peoples on all
continents of the world as a business language or an
international language. English is the main language
of the European Union, one of the official languages
of the United Nations. English is becoming the leading
language for research worldwide.
CONCLUSION
In our study, our acquaintance with the analysis of
different positions in the regional variants of literary
English, and our analysis of the differences and
similarities between the variants allowed us to draw
certain conclusions about the literary variant of
English. Our first conclusion about the literary variant
of the English language is related to its history of
origin, interregional variation and diversity. The
lifespan of the English language, spoken today on a
total of five continents, dates back to the 4th century.
In our study, we examined the literary English
language, variants, and dialects and came to the
following conclusions:
1. Standard English is a literary form of the language
that is recognized and accepted by all English-
speaking countries and the world;
2. Territorial variants of English are interregional
selected and widely used forms of language norms,
which vary depending on the population, culture,
distribution of the place;
3. Indigenous dialects are specific to oral speech, they
are not related to the norms of literary language and
are only a form of language that enriches the
communication of a particular region and people;
A language learner should be aware of the different
aspects of English, especially British and American, to
learn the local features of the language from the very
beginning of language learning. In our opinion,
textbooks and manuals should also include chapters
that provide information about the local aspects of
the English language. After all, no language consists
only of grammatical rules of language, it contains
various linguistic ornaments - jargons, dialects,
dialects, dialectal words, phrases. As mentioned
above, features in such a language have an impact on
the development, enrichment, and popularity of the
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language and, of course, create standard language
appearances later on. English, which is used as an
official language in more than 60 countries that have
gained and are gaining dominance around the world,
also has its place and importance in the future. As the
demand for language consumption increases, its
interregional differentiation leads to different
territorial divisions. In the course of our research, we
have tried to reveal the types of literary and regional
variants, the differences and similarities between
them, and the places of use of dialects and jargon. We
believe that our research on the literary version of the
English language will facilitate the language
acquisition process of foreign language learners and
serve as a necessary resource.
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18
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VOLUME
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I
SSUE
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Pages:
10-18
SJIF
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MPACT
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METADATA
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Servi
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