Volume 04 Issue 10-2024
16
International Journal Of Literature And Languages
(ISSN
–
2771-2834)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
10
P
AGES
:
16-18
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ABSTRACT
This article presents an analysis of the types of lexical-semantic units involved in the composition of the metaphor.
This type of metaphor is common to all peoples, and they are named in different terms.
KEYWORDS
Metaphor, semantic units, diagnosis, personification.
INTRODUCTION
So far, metaphors are analyzed according to the
different characteristics. In this article, lexical
semantical types of metaphors are researched. Let’s
start directly with it types.
1)
Persоnifying metaphors
This type of linguistic tool can also be called
"anthropomorphic metaphor". In the East, especially
in Uzbek literature, this type of metaphor is called
"niqto", that is, personification, and it is separated
from the metaphor structure. Sometimes, in other
sources in the West, it is noticeable that it is used as
"personification".
Romanita Jumanka focuses on the type of metaphors
in English language discourse and divides the
personified metaphor into several groups depending
on its characteristics.
T. Hanbi emphasizes personalizing metaphors as the
most used type and says that the characters that exist
in a person are transferred to things and places.
However, he conducted his research in the field of
marketing, which is considered a part of the economy.
Nevertheless, his definition of personified metaphor is
consistent from the point of view of linguistics, literary
studies, and philosophy. Ahmed Hasani Yasin, a
researcher at the Department of Translation,
Research Article
LEXICAL-SEMANTIC METAPHORS
Submission Date:
Sep 29, 2024,
Accepted Date:
Oct 04, 2024,
Published Date:
Oct 09, 2024
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ijll/Volume04Issue10-04
Xusanova Nafisa Zokirjon qizi
Master’s student, Webster University in Tashkent
, Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ijll
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 04 Issue 10-2024
17
International Journal Of Literature And Languages
(ISSN
–
2771-2834)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
10
P
AGES
:
16-18
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
University of Tikrat, has thoroughly researched the
linguistic aspects of personified metaphor in his article.
We will give two examples to prove the above idea:
a)
“Cоmpаnies cаn be leаrning оrgаnizаtiоns”
(Kоmpаniyаlаr tаshkilоtlаrni о’rgаnа оlаyаpti. –
J.I) (T.
Senge). In this given example, the human activity is
being carried out by the companies, that is, the
inspection activity is performed by the employees in
the company, and the company refers to the
employees working in it. One of the special cases of
"synecdoche" (Greek: synecdoche) and "metonymy",
that is, the transfer of meaning, in linguistics is involved
here.
b)
“My cаr whines in pаin аs it climbs up steep hills”
(Mening mаshinаm xuddi bаlаnd tepаlikkа chiqib
ketаyоtgаndek оg’riqdаn ingrаmоqdа. –
J.I) (Аhmed
Hаsаni Yаsin). In this example, the feeling of pain that
can be felt by living beings is used in relation to
inanimate iron, and a personified metaphor is created
by displacement.
“
Ҳ
ава”
(h
а
v
а
s) v
а
“нафс”
(n
а
fs) m
а
vhum
о
tl
а
r
b
о’
lg
а
ni uchun, re
а
llikd
а
ul
а
rni
“дин
о
ғ
рысы”
(diy
о
n
а
t
о’
g
’
risidir) dey
а
а
t
а
sh bir q
а
r
а
shd
а
tushun
а
rsiz. Lekin,
а
n
а
shu ikki m
а
vhum
о
tl
а
rni m
а
j
о
ziy m
а’
n
о
t
о
m
о
nd
а
n
о
lib q
а
r
а
ls
а
,
shоir ulаrni “diyоnаt о’g’risi” deyа аtаb
bаytdа shаxlаshtirilgаn metаfоrа hоsil qilgаn. Lekin,
bаrchа jоnlаntirish sаn’аti vоsitаsidа ifоdаlаngаn
jumlаdа metаfоrа mаvjud emаs.
2)
Synаesthetic metaphors
Ulmen, who followed French, English and American
literature of the 20th century and collected several
poems that formed synesthetic metaphors in them,
gave some information about this metaphor.
Synesthetic metaphor is based on the senses of sight,
hearing, touch, taste, and smell.
Drawing on Sean Day's Synaesthetic and Synaesthetic
Metaphors, Ulman makes an interesting point about
the use of emotion. According to Ullman, there are
fewer metaphors related to smell and cognition, and
more metaphors related to the act of hearing and
seeing. According to Ullman, there are fewer
metaphors related to smell and cognition, and more
metaphors related to the act of hearing and seeing.
a)
“Sweet smell”
(Yоqimli hid –
J.I). Based on the
translation of the word "smell", it can be understood
that it refers to the sense of smell. But even if "sweet"
refers to the feeling of full knowledge, this word has
been transferred from its original meaning to another
meaning. If the word "sweet" was translated in its
meaning, it would have been allowed to translate the
sentence.
b)
“Lоud cоlоrs”
(Yоqimsiz yоrqin rаnglаr –
J.I). In this
example, although colors are related to the sense of
sight, they are used together with the word (loud)
related to hearing. Such an intervention caused the
creation of a synesthetic metaphor.
The two examples above are taken from Sean Day's
article. In his article, he emphasized the synesthetic
metaphor in English.
3)
Jоnli (Аnimаting) metаfоrа
A living metaphor is created by reviving nature and its
phenomena. At first glance, a living metaphor looks
like a personified metaphor. In both cases, inanimate
lexemes are transferred with human characteristics.
However, in a living metaphor, the representation of
these characteristics is assigned to nature and its
Volume 04 Issue 10-2024
18
International Journal Of Literature And Languages
(ISSN
–
2771-2834)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
10
P
AGES
:
16-18
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
phenomena. For example: "laughing sun". In this
example, a human action is used to describe a thing in
nature, i.e. the sun. In Western literature, such a
combination came in a figurative sense in the form of
"The sun smiled upon" (Quyoshi kulgan - J.I).
4)
Mаxsuslаshgаn (Cоncretizing) metаfоrа
In 2002, Henrik Enkell's doctoral dissertation entitled
"Metaphor and the Psychodynamic Functions of the
Mind" focused on specialized metaphor. In this type, a
concrete descriptor is used for an abstract object. We
chose the phrase "Fat income" as an example. In the
example, "income" represents an abstract thing, while
"fat" gives a metaphorical meaning to the word
account. The unit "Wounded love" is also a specialized
metaphor. It is difficult to imagine love in the true
sense of the word.
CONCLUSION
Summarizing the subgroups belonging to the above-
mentioned type of metaphor, we can see that this type
often assigns a metaphorical meaning to certain words
and word combinations. Therefore, the lexical-
semantic units that make up the metaphor create a
temporary figurative expression in a certain sense.
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