International Journal Of Literature And Languages
28
https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ijll
VOLUME
Vol.05 Issue03 2025
PAGE NO.
28-30
10.37547/ijll/Volume05Issue03-08
On The Structural Composition of Ergonyms
Usmonova Umidakhon Abdukarimovna
Lecturer, Department of Uzbek Language and Literature, Karshi Engineering-Economics Institute, Uzbekistan
Received:
03 January 2025;
Accepted:
05 February 2025;
Published:
12 March 2025
Abstract:
This article analyzes the structure of ergonyms and the specific application of the term "ergonym"
concerning particular linguistic materials, using examples from the city of Karshi. The study substantiates the
necessity of understanding ergonyms in both broad and narrow senses. Additionally, the article clarifies the
functions of the structural components of ergonyms.
Keywords:
Ergonym, ergonomics, functional, nominative, onomastic component, classifier.
Introduction:
Various terms are employed in scholarly
literature to designate organizations, enterprises, and
institutions engaged in specific professional activities,
such as “commercial enterprise name” [10],
“ergourbonym”
[3],
“advertising
name”
[5],
“eportonym” [9], “firmonym,” and “ergourbanonym”
[8]. Among these, the most commonly used
generalized terminological marker is the lexeme
"ergonym." According to N.V. Podolskaya's Dictionary
of Russian Onomastic Terminology, an ergonym refers
to "the proper name of an association of people,
including
unions,
organizations,
institutions,
corporations, enterprises, societies, circles, etc." [6,
166]. The denotative scope of modern ergonyms
includes both topographic objects (cafes, shops,
factories, pharmacies, etc.) and legal entities (societies,
associations, cooperatives, funds, etc.) [8, 243].
Ergonims represent the names of organizations that
differ based on their ownership structure and type of
activity. The universality of ergonims lies in their ability
to be officially registered or documented in legal
records when necessary. Ergonims are included in
address directories and are reflected in specific
informational structures (symbols) as representatives
of relevant economic associations. For instance, when
examining the ergonymic materials of Karshi city, one
can observe that they possess the following structural
characteristics:
1.
Service Enterprises: A) Shops: “Samira,”
“Sulton M,” “Sarbat Market Davron,” "Supermarket
X5," and "Sitora Jasmin. "b) Restaurants and Cafes:
Examples include “Abdukarim Restaurant,” “Uch do‘st”
Restaurant, “Ko‘zmunchoq Burger,” and “A
roma
Bakery Café.” c)Household Service Enterprises:
Examples include "Ko‘zmunchoq Sewing Workshop,"
"Zolushka Beauty Salon," and "Istanbul Curtain Salon."
d)Tourism and Hospitality Services: Examples include
"Sultan Hotel," "Smile Hostel," and "Sputnik Travel
Agency."
2.
Cultural and Recreational Institutions: a) the
Qashqadaryo Puppet Theater, the M. Toshmuhamedov
Musical Drama Theater, and "Cinema.uz."
3.
Healthcare and Sports Facilities: Magic White
(teeth whitening), “Nevromed” Neurology Medical
Center, "Nevromed Neurology Center," "Nasafmed
Medical Center," Republican Cardiology Center,
Republican Emergency Medicine Scientific Center,
Regional Stomatology Clinic, “Boom” Fitness Club,
“Kachmen” Gym, and others.
4.
Educational
Institutions:
Karshi
State
University, Karshi Engineering-Economics Institute, and
private educational organizations such as "Iqtisodiyot
va Pedagogika Universiteti." Qarshi Specialized Olympic
Reserve Boarding School, Children’s Music and Art
School No. 1, and others.
5.
Government
Institutions:
Qashqadaryo
Regional Economic Court, the Regional Cadastre Office,
and the State Customs Committee, The Kashkadarya
Regional Traffic Safety Department, the Karshi City
State Tax Inspection, and others.
The graphic representation of ergonyms in Karshi uses
both Cyrillic and Latin alphabets, reflecting nominators’
preferences to attract potential clients’ attention.
International Journal Of Literature And Languages
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International Journal Of Literature And Languages (ISSN: 2771-2834)
The variety in information structures and the visual
presentation of data on signs influence the visual
identity of modern cities.. Furthermore, the text of a
particular organization's sign or informational structure
can directly reflect the name of the institution itself. For
instance, names like Avtomir, History Museum, Meat,
and Bread often appear alongside additional words.
Examples include Verona Interior Design, Furniture
Studio, Mig Credit, and Quick Loans for Any Purpose. In
other words, not every inscription displayed on the sign
of an institution or organization can be considered an
ergonym.
In this regard, studying the structural composition of
ergonyms remains a pressing issue. Research
conducted in the field of ergonyms suggests that, based
on their structure, they are generally composed of
three main components:
1.
Words indicating the organizational-legal form
of an institution, such as company, private enterprise
(PE), limited liability company (LLC), non-state
educational institution (NEI), family business (FB),
private homeowners' association (PHA), state unitary
enterprise (SUE), unitary enterprise (UE), joint-stock
company (JSC), joint venture, law firm (LF), farm
enterprise (FE), and others.
2.
Words denoting the institution's type of
activity, such as pharmacy, real estate agency, bank,
shop, restaurant, beauty salon, and so on.
3.
The actual onomastic component
—
names of
organizations, such as "Ko‘zmunchoq", "Marjon",
"Khilol Tex", "Yulduz", and others.
As emphasized by M. Saparniyozova, ergonyms are not
merely units consisting of the naming
—
onomastic
—
component, but should be considered as a whole,
alongside aspects such as the type of organization and
legal status. The components of ergonyms consist of
the part that indicates the type of organization + the
name. This reveals that the structure of ergonyms is
made up of the activity type of the organization or
enterprise, its organizational-legal status, i.e., the
onomastic classifier, and a specific onomastic
component (name) that distinguishes it from other
similar associations. For example: in the ergonym
"Huvaydo Furniture House," Huvaydo is the specific
onomastic component (name); Furniture House is the
onomastic classifier; and Company indicates its status
and legal standing [7,16].
A.M. Emelyanova presents a contrasting viewpoint,
suggesting that an ergonym should be reduced to a
single component, namely the direct name of the
organization or institution. She argues: "Ergonyms are
understood only as the respective names of enterprises
with different functional profiles: business associations
of
people
(scientific,
educational,
production
institutions), commercial enterprises (agencies, banks,
stores, companies), cultural objects (cinemas, clubs,
entertainment institutions, theaters, parks), and sports
facilities (complexes, stadiums)" [2, 5].
V.A. Kryjanovskaya occupies a middle ground regarding
the structure of ergonyms. She considers the
mandatory components of ergonyms to be the actual
names or nominatives of the organizations and
additional words that indicate the nature of the
organizatio
n’s activity. Optional components include
slogans, signatures, and other additional information
that may interest potential visitors [4, 34]. According to
many linguists, "the mandatory part of the company
name, indicating its organizational-legal form, is not
considered part of the ergonym" [4, 30]. From this
perspective, in the case of the name "Yulduzcha"
Children’s Music and Choir School in Qarshi city,
"Yulduzcha" is an ergonym, while "Yulduzcha" itself is a
proper noun, a nominative.
However, V.A. Kryjanovskaya often uses the term
"ergonym" exclusively in reference to the nominative.
According to her, until recently, the ergonym itself was
used without additional components or with
components of the same type (e.g., парикмахерская
-
hairdressing salon
, столовая
-
dining room, аптека
-
pharmacy), and sometimes these were used as the
name itself (e.g., Bufet, Kafe, Magazin, etc.) [4, 33]. She
also mentions the creation of new types of ergonyms
such as "ZoLoTo Myag-
koff," "Адам & Ева" [4, 77], and
the use
of foreign letters, for example, Эгоиsт, Скаzка,
among others [4, 145].
In the study of the formation and methods of origin of
ergonyms, this term is generally used only in relation to
the direct names of organizations [1]. It is important to
note that when referring to the name of a particular
organization in speech, it is not always correct to use
the nominative form, i.e., the organization's proper
name without additional components. This component
can serve a functional role in the structure of the
ergonym. First of all, we refer to cases where the
separation of the additional component leads to a
distortion of the form and content of the name in the
form of a compound word or phrase. For example, it is
difficult to use ergonyms like "Sanoatqurilishbank,"
"Qarshi 1st Dairy Plant," or "Qarshi Confectionery
Factory"
without
additional
components
or
functionality.
For
example,
the
nominations
"Sanoatqurulish" or "Sanoatqurilish" (bank) are not
practically used. To designate an ergonym, it is possible
not only to apply the functional inversion methods
mentioned above and present it as an established
construction, but also to use its ellipsis in both oral and
written speech, resulting in ergonyms like "Marjon,"
International Journal Of Literature And Languages
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International Journal Of Literature And Languages (ISSN: 2771-2834)
"Marka," and "Korzinka." Many additional components
(such as museum, school, university, college, clinic,
hospital, etc.) cannot be removed from the names of
the corresponding institutions, as they express the
nominative element (e.g., Qarshi Engineering-
Economics Institute, Qarshi Music School, Regional
Dental Polyclinic, etc.).
It should also be noted that modern organizations,
especially commercial ones, may take a creative
approach when selecting their names and presenting
the activities of their enterprises in order to stand out
from similar entities. For example, ordinary cafes may
distinguish
themselves
by
calling
themselves
"anticafe," "autocafe," "artcafe," or "kotocafe."
Similarly, expressions like "beauty club," "beauty
workshop," and "beauty center" are used in addition to
traditional beauty salons. By using bright and attractive
names, the owners of organizations
—
nominators
—
demonstrate their social and cultural advantages to
society, such as their level of education, interests,
moral qualities, taste, and others.
With the emergence of new types of organizations and
service institutions, unfamiliar or newly introduced
additional components may no longer be of less
significance when it comes to naming. The primary goal
of these components is often to indicate the type of
activity, even without explicitly stating it. The equal
importance of ergonym components can also be
justified by their uniform representation in the
information structure. They appear uniform in terms of
size, shape, font, color, and other characteristics. In this
regard, we believe that there is a need to differentiate
ergonyms in both narrow and broad meanings.
In a broad sense, ergonyms are characterized by the
structure "functional or additional component +
nominative" (e.g., "National Bank of Uzbekistan,"
"Qarshi City Hospital"). This structural ergonym is
preferred when referring to organizations with a name
atypical for the type of activity. Narrow-sense
ergonyms are derived from broad-sense ergonyms
through functional ellipsis, resulting in terms such as
"National Bank," "Hot Bread," "Miracle."
In the narrow sense, an ergonym is nominative,
traditionally containing a functional word as an
inseparable part (e.g., "Qarshi Tea House," "Financial
Security School," "State Pharmacy") or resembling a
functional word in form (e.g., "Buffet," "Cafeteria").
Thus, it is appropriate to distinguish between
nominative and functional components as mandatory
parts of an ergonym and to discuss the use of ergonyms
in both broad and narrow senses. In the narrow sense,
an ergonym is the core name of an organization, which
includes the functionality considered an ellipsis
component in speech. In the broad sense, an ergonym
includes both the functional ellipsis component and the
nominative.
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