International Journal Of Literature And Languages
114
https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ijll
VOLUME
Vol.05 Issue03 2025
PAGE NO.
114-121
10.37547/ijll/Volume05Issue03-30
Communication in social networks as a new
infrastructure of interpersonal relations
M.Z.Allaniyazova
Researcher, Nukus State Institute named after Ajiniyaz, Uzbekistan
Received:
29 January 2025;
Accepted:
27 February 2025;
Published:
28 March 2025
Abstract:
The Internet and mobile devices are the main means of organising social relations in the digital age.
Today, interpersonal communications are actively organised through them, which is a new form of social
communication. The dominance of interpersonal communications in social networks leads to a decrease in direct
communication between two or more subjects. The increase in the types of social networks (Facebook, Instagram,
Telegram, Twitter, WhatsApp, etc.), the possibility of conducting individual, group and collective communication
through them generates the need to create a mechanism for organising ‘digital conversation’ based on moral and
ethical principles. The article talks about the importance and uniqueness of communication in social networks for
society and the individual, as well as the rules of its organisation.
Keywords:
Social network, communication, interpersonal communication, infrastructure.
Introduction:
In modern conditions, the life not only of
an individual, but also of society as a whole takes place
in both real and virtual forms. Today, the life of almost
any member of society takes place not so much in the
real world as in virtual space.
For centuries, various means - weapons (sword, shield,
bow, arrows, cannon, machine gun, automatic rifle,
shotgun, dagger and others) have been used to subdue,
enslave and control social subjects. In the 21st century,
their place is taken by seemingly safe means (modern
gadgets) - the Internet and mobile devices.
In modern society, Internet communication takes a
priority position as the main type of social interaction.
This form of communication through social networking
services is becoming increasingly popular not only
among young people, but also among middle-aged and
older people.
Social network is ‘software and information services
that facilitate the organisation of communication
between users in a particular network via the Internet
with the help of various technical devices’ [8,
- p. 137];
‘a platform, online service or we
bsite designed to build
and organise social relationships’.[8,
-
p. 137]; ‘a
platform, online service or website designed to build,
reflect and organise social relationships.’ [4].It is also an
online place where one can post information about
oneself and exchange information, photos, messages,
various files with other users. This network includes
many types of services (Facebook, Instagram,
Telegram, X (Twitter), WhatsApp, Linkedin, TikTok, ‘V
Kontakte’, ‘Odnoklassniki’, ‘MySpace’ and others),
among which Facebook, Instagram, Telegram, Twitter,
WhatsApp have become the most popular among users
in Uzbekistan.The results of observations and surveys
show that young people actively use Facebook,
Instagram, Telegram and WhatsApp, while middle-
aged and older people prefer the messenger Telegram.
Communication, which is ‘a special form of
communication based on the interaction of individuals
via the Internet in real time by exchanging sign (text,
graphic symbols) and multimedia (videos, photos,
pictures, animation
and music) messages’ [2,
- p. 208].
[2, - p. 208], is carried out with the help of modern
messengers
(English
‘messenger’
-
courier,
deliveryman).
This new form of communication, like all processes of
communication between people, requires compliance
with certain ethical rules. A set of rules, behavioural
norms that serve as a moral standard in conversations
between people organised in the online environment is
called ‘network etiquette’. Network etiquette involves
observing the rules of politeness, mutual respect,
confidentiality and safety when using the Internet and
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social networks (respect for the privacy of others,
respect for copyright, security and confidentiality of
information, correct (correct) use of e-mail, social
networks, forums, etc.). [9].
The various types of resources available on social
networks increase the number of their users. In
particular, the social nature of social networks includes:
social bookmarking (social bookmarking; an electronic
tool used to mark the necessary pages on popular
websites (Delicious, Pinterest)); social catalogues
(Connotea, LexisNexis, CiteULike, Academic University,
Academic
Search
Premier);
social
libraries
(discogs.com, IMDb. com); specialised social networks
(networks that group users by age, gender, interests) -
1) social networks of professional nature (LinkedIn, My
Circle, Professional Circle, My Krug. com); specialised
social networks (networks that group users by age,
gender, interests) - 1) professional social networks
(LinkedIn, My Circle, Professionali.ru); 2) corporate
social networks (organisations, enterprises, institutions
that operate in a certain area); services that allow
working with documents; geosocial networks (Google
Maps, Yandex. Maps, hybrid system of technologies
like TomTom, GPS, AlterGeo); video hosting (TikTok,
Likee, Yappy, Youtube) [11].
The common feature of these messengers is that they
provide communication between two interlocutors or
a group on a computer, laptop, netbook, tablet, mobile
phone; they can be used to send an unlimited number
of messages of any type, photos, videos and files. The
table below summarises the characteristics and
distinguishing features of messengers popular among
local users. (Table 1):
Table 1: Description and peculiarities of modern messengers
№ Type
Description
The technical opportunities
1 2
3
4
1.
Telegram
(Pavel
Durov
Simple,
fast
and
secure
messaging
application
It is possible to create groups or channels for 3-
200 users; a high level of privacy is ensured; it
is possible to create ‘secret’ chats with the
function of quick deletion of content or data
given in the chat [7]
2.
(Mark
Zuckerber
g
Simple,
fast
and
secure
messaging
application
Applications are being created to share games,
music, photos and other materials that can also
be used for commercial purposes. These
applications provide an opportunity to control
the level of access to virtual invitations, photo
albums, leaving messages on ‘walls’, as well as
to the ‘information’ presented in the profile [5,
- p. 15]; thanks to free tools, there is an
opportunity to develop business with its help,
publish scientific works, historical and life
events [1]
1 2
3
4
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3.
(Kevin
Systrom,
Mike
Krieger)
Simple,
fast
and
secure
messaging
application
It is possible to upload media files, edit them
with a filter, create posts with hashtag and sign,
send them publicly or to selected users; User
can view other users' content, tag popular
content, tag photos with likes, subscribe to
others, add their content to their personal feed,
and add media files through the Instagram
website[13]
4.
(Jan Koum,
Brian
Ecton).
The service of
fast
messaging
and
voice
communicatio
n
via
IP,
owned by-
owned
by
Meta
Transfer text and voice messages quickly over
IP (‘Internet Protocol’, a set of rules governing
the format of data sent over the Internet or a
local network) via Android, iOS, S40, KaiOS,
as well as Windows, macOS and web
applications; make audio and video calls; and
provide access to images, documents, user
location and other content [21]
5.
(Company
X,
Corp
Jack
Dorsey,
Noah
Glass, Biz
Stone,
Evan
Williams)
A
social
networking
(micro-blog)
service
for
tweets (short
messages)
through
rebranding
(active
marketing
strategy
Provides users with the ability to communicate
in short messages of 140 characters using a
browser, mobile app or API (Application
Programming Interface) [12]; Buffer, Hootsuite,
Sendible, TweetDeck, Sprout Social platforms
can be used to organise marketing, create the
necessary conditions for marketers, set up
individual, small and medium-sized businesses,
conduct webinars for expert marketers and build
a database [3]
As in any phenomenon, there are positive and negative
aspects of interpersonal communication in social
networks. According to the results of familiarisation
with printed and electronic materials published within
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the framework of the task, conducting social surveys
and questionnaires among young people, in particular
respondents, studying students' attitudes towards
modern gadgets and the purposes of their use, the
following
positive
and
negative
aspects
of
interpersonal communication carried out in social
networks were identified (Table 2).
Table2. Positive and negative sides of social, health and social networks
Positive sites
1. Availability of an opportunity to
keep abreast of social and political
situations in the republic, region and
the world by receiving information,
including operational information.
2. Exchange of messages (instant
messages). 2.
2. Association of persons of different
categories in groups on the basis of
common interests, goals, life
aspirations, professional or social
needs. 3.
3. Mutual support of interlocutors,
spiritual and moral.
4. Support of persons in need of social
assistance through a large number of
audiences.
5. Effective advertising of a particular
activity, service or product.
6. Organising mutual counselling on
domestic, psychological and
professional matters.
7. Organising chat rooms, web
conferences, online consultations on
various topics.
1. Transmission of information of
different age, gender and psychological
nature without differentiated approach.
2. Marginalisation of information about
social and political life of the society,
world events, personal life of people,
professional activities and news of
informational character.
3. Publication of very personal data
(Publication
of
very
personal
information).
4. Failure to observe speech etiquette
and norms in paired, group or collective
online conversations.
5. Extensive use of Internet terms,
vulgar and jargon words in comments
posted under the content.
6. Dissemination of socially dangerous
information (activities of various
religious movements and sects, human
and drug trafficking, materials related
to violence and cruelty, pornographic
materials,
secret,
distorted,
false
information about illegal activities).
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8. Catalogues of virtual shops, wide
distribution of advertising banners
7. Virtual reality, sharply differing from
real life, and propaganda of rich life.
In most cases, socially dangerous information is an
offer of ‘easy, lucrative work’ without a detailed, open
description of the nature of the activity. When studying
the activities of ‘drug couriers’ (persons delivering
narcotic substances) detained by the system of internal
affairs of the republic, it turns out that they are
involved in this process because of adverts posted on
social networks. *.
Social networks often contain information on the
provision of various services through SMS payments to
short numbers; most of such information is fraudulent,
and not only young people but also members of the
older generation often fall victim to fraud; therefore,
do not accept (open) unknown files on social networks,
as they can infect your computer with viruses; be
attentive to the information you send and familiarise
yourself only with reliable messages, i.e., do not use
them as a source of information.
In the last months of 2023, the following SMS message
spread throughout Uzbekistan in social networks:
‘There
is an opportunity to get a preferential loan from
TBS Bank. To do this, download this application and get
a preferential loan’. When contacting the phone
numbers belonging to the bank, it turned out that the
advertisement was not placed in social networks. As a
result, many users who did not suspect that the SMS
message contained false information reported that
their computers were infected with viruses.
Social networks are dominated by information that is
not useful; each user who wants to familiarise himself
with it spends his time studying useless information; as
a result, it takes several times more time to use the
Internet; this negatively affects the mood, physical and
psychological health of a person; the large amount of
information received affects the nervous system,
leading to irritability and aggressiveness.
Dependence on the Internet and social networks
adversely affects the harmonious development of
personality; over time, a person loses touch with the
real reality; solving all issues online reduces the ability
of a person to enter into social relations.
Social networks cause certain deficiencies in a person's
speech and spelling; possession of a ‘meagre’
vocabulary, grammatical errors in oral and written
speech - all this is the result of communicating via the
Internet.
Another serious disadvantage is the habit of frequently
checking personal profiles; according to statistics,
frequent checking of personal profiles is predominantly
observed in adolescents and young men and leads to
psychological disorders.
Another serious disadvantage is the habit of frequently
checking personal profiles; according to statistics,
frequent checking of personal profiles is predominantly
observed in adolescents and young men and leads to
psychological disorders.
On social networks, highlighting or propaganda of
violence, prohibited ideas and pornography occupies
one of the main places. Despite the organisation of
monitoring of such negative phenomena or the
blocking of such pages, they reappear and change their
direction. A virtual interlocutor does not lead anyone
by the hand, but it is enough for him to ‘get inside’ to
attract the attention of the whole world. [10].
As in all types of communication, communication in
social networks should be carried out in accordance
with certain rules. The basic rules include the following:
Knowing exactly the details of the addressee (the
person to whom the message is addressed).
Thoughts in italics are those of the author of the article.
A greeting at the beginning of the messag
e (‘Assalamu
alaykum’), and when replying, a return greeting
(‘Wa'leykum assalam’).
If a message is sent to an unknown person, it is
obligatory to address him/her as ‘You’.
When sending a message to an unknown person, the
person addressing the message should introduce
himself and clearly state his purpose.
When sending a message, attention should be paid to
accuracy of thought and error-free text (since any
message, as well as errors in it, provides information
about the personality of the author, his education,
knowledge, outlook, experience and even the level of
education).
Read the message and correct errors before sending it.
Various symbolic symbols may be used in your
message, such as smiley faces, emoji. ‘
絵
‘
- picture,
drawing; “
文字
”
(moji) - sign, sym
bol, “language” of
ideograms and emoticons), but it is not necessary to
use them excessively (’do not put them in necessary
and unnecessary places: do not replace words with
them, do not insert them in the middle of the text and
after each word; it distracts the interlocutor"). [10].
breaking it into parts.
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Follow the simplest grammatical rules when sending a
message: use a capital letter at the beginning of the
text and when stating a new thought (after the dot),
and in other cases write in lower case letters; do not
write the entire text in capital letters (writing words in
capital letters using the Caps Lock key in social
networks is perceived as shouting or exclamation) [10].
Do not distribute any messages or photos of a personal
nature without the owner's consent; Uzbek law
establishes liability for this, in particular, ‘Everyone has
the right to the secrecy of correspondence, telephone
conversations,
postal,
electronic
and
other
communications. Restriction of this right is permitted
only in accordance with the law and on the basis of a
court judgement’ (Constitution, art. 31) [15]; “It is
prohibited to collect, store, process, disseminate or use
information on private life or information that violates
the privacy of private life or the secrecy of
correspondence, telephone conversations, postal,
telegraphic or other communications of an individual
without his or her consent, except in cases established
by law” (Constitution, art. 13) [17]; ’In accordance with
the Freedom of Information (Principles and Safeguards)
Act, the collection, storage, processing, dissemination
and use of information on private life or information
that violates the secrecy of private life or the secrecy of
correspondence, telephone conversations, postal,
telegraphic or other communications of an individual is
prohibited [17];
‘
In accordance with the Constitution of the Republic of
Uzbekistan, the secrecy of correspondence, telephone
conversations and telegraphic messages is protected
by law. Communication workers who have committed
perlustration of correspondence and other violations
listed in the first part of this article shall be held
administratively and criminally liable, except in cases
provided for by the legislation of the Republic of
Uzbekistan’ (Article 10 of the Law of th
e Republic of
Uzbekistan “On Communications”) [16].
Illegal collection or dissemination of information on
private life of a person, constituting his personal or
family secret, without his consent, committed after
application of administrative penalty for the same
actions - is punished by the penalty from fifty up to
hundred basic calculation units or compulsory public
works up to three hundred hours or corrective works
up to two years.
The same actions:
a) entailed grave consequences;
(b) Committed with mercenary motives;
c) committed by a dangerous recidivist -
shall be punishable by a fine of one hundred to two
hundred basic calculation units or compulsory
community service of three hundred to three hundred
and sixty hours or restriction of liberty for one to three
years or deprivation of liberty for up to three years.
(Criminal Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan, art.1411)
[18].
To treat adequately (correctly) the content
disseminated in the network, not to give in to emotions
when leaving comments, not to defame the honour of
other people, not to insult them and not to undermine
their reputation.
Insult, i.e. deliberate humiliation of honour and dignity
of a person in an indecent form, committed after the
application of an administrative penalty for the same
actions -
shall be punishable by a fine of up to two hundred basic
calculation units or compulsory community service of
up to two hundred and forty hours or corrective labour
of up to one year;
Insult in printed or otherwise reproduced form,
including that posted in the mass media,
telecommunications
networks
or
the
world
information network Internet, shall be punishable by a
fine of 200 to 400 basic calculation units or compulsory
community service for two hundred forty to three
hundred hours or correctional labour for one to two
years.
(Criminal Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan, art. 1402)
[18].
Insult, i.e. deliberate humiliation of the honour and
dignity of a person, shall entail a fine of twenty to forty
basic calculation units. (As of January 2024, the
minimum wage is 922,959 sums[6], hence the amount
varies from 18,459,000 sums to 36,918,000 sums).
(Administrative Liability Code, Article 41) [19].
The
dissemination
of
information
containing
photographs and/or video images of a person's naked
div and/or genitals without his or her consent,
including dissemination in the mass media,
telecommunications networks or the World Wide Web,
or the threat of dissemination of such information, is
punishable by a fine of between four hundred and six
hundred basic units or compulsory community service
for up to three hundred and sixty hours or correctional
labour for up to three years.
The same acts committed:
a) repeatedly or by a dangerous recidivist;
b) by prior conspiracy by a group of persons;
c) with respect to a person known to the perpetrator to
be under eighteen years of age - shall be punished by
compulsory community service from three hundred
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and sixty to four hundred and eighty hours or by
restriction of liberty from one to three years, or by
deprivation of liberty for up to three years.
(Criminal Code, art. 1413) [18].
Not to read information inciting religious hatred,
propagandising ideas of nationalism, racism, neo-
Nazism, activities of various sects and mystical
movements, disseminated in social networks through
suspicious sites, channels and platforms, as well as not
to support the opinions expressed in them (not to put
‘likes’).
The Committee on Religious Affairs updated the list of
materials recognised as extremist by the Supreme
Court as of 10 January 2024 and banned for import,
production, distribution and demonstration in
Uzbekistan.
The updated list includes the names of channels and
groups operating on the social networks Facebook,
Telegram, Instagram, Youtube, Ok.ru (Odnoklassniki)
and TikTok.
The Supreme Court has ruled that the materials
presented therein contain ideas of extremism,
terrorism and fundamentalism, as well as arousing
divisions
and
misunderstandings
among
the
population, fanaticism and favourable attitudes
towards the activities of extremist and terrorist
organisations and their ideological leaders.
The Committee called for cauti
on against ‘liking’ or
sharing religious material on social networks, refraining
from downloading and distributing e-books, articles
and applications, and not downloading unverified
photos and videos from the Internet [20].
When reading the information in the message, it
became known that the names of pages and sites of the
following platforms were given: Facebook (137 names),
Telegram (381 names), Instagram (105 names),
YouTube (46 names), Odnoklassniki (21 names), TikTok
(36 names).
A user should not leave unanswered a personal address
to him/her, as it demonstrates a disrespectful attitude
to the person addressing him/her.
When establishing communication through a social
network, each person should introduce a certain
regime for himself, it is important to determine a
specific time to enter into communication (the most
effective time is considered to be from 19:00 to 20:30
in the evening; if there is no need, it is advisable not to
enter into communication after 21:00 in the evening);
therefore, disorderly communication in the network
leads to a waste of time, which negatively affects
professional activity, daily life, especially labour
productivity and quality of rest.
In comments, it is important to refrain from using
vulgar (used to swear, humiliate, insult) and slang
words, as well as Internet terms.
Never insult or berate other people in comments. If a
person files a complaint with the Ministry of Internal
Affairs, you will have to pay a fine from 68 to 136
million soums.
In Uzbekistan, persons who insult people on social
networks will be held criminally liable and will also be
charged with monetary compensation for moral harm
caused to the victim, in the amount requested by the
victim.
Petty hooliganism, i.e. deliberate disregard for the rules
of behaviour in society, expressed in foul language in
public places, insulting harassment of citizens and
other similar actions that violate public order and the
tranquillity of citizens, is punishable by a fine of up to 5
times the basic calculation value (up to 1.5 million
soums) or administrative arrest for up to 15 days.
"Tezkor habarlar / Tun-u kun" Telegram channel,
January 21, 2024)
Thus, communication in social networks, acting as a
new infrastructure of interpersonal relations, reflects
certain aspects. Communication in social networks, in
particular in Facebook, Instagram, Telegram, Twitter,
WhatsApp, YouTube, Odnoklassniki, TikTok and others
popular among Uzbek users, should be based on
certain spiritual and moral requirements and social
norms. After all, communication carried out on social
media reaches a large audience of users through
various groups. Failure to comply with certain moral
requirements and social norms in social networks can
damage the spiritual values of the general public and
universal human principles. Therefore, every user
should be aware of the moral requirements and social
norms that ensure the effectiveness and usefulness of
communication carried out in social networks.
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