International Journal Of Literature And Languages
46
https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ijll
VOLUME
Vol.05 Issue04 2025
PAGE NO.
46-50
10.37547/ijll/Volume05Issue04-13
Formal-Structural Analysis of Onomatic Words (Six
Chapters Explanatory Dictionary of The Language Is an
Example)
Khaydarova Khurshida Fayzulla qizi
Teacher of Presidential School in Karshi, Researcher of Karshi State University, Uzbekistan
Received:
23 February 2025;
Accepted:
19 March 2025;
Published:
22 April 2025
Abstract:
In this article, onomatopoeic words in the “Explanatory Dictionary of the Uzbek Language” published i
n
2023 were studied formally and structurally, mainly onomatopoeic words with one base were statistically
analyzed and their types given with taql.s. and tasv.s. were studied separately. Each type is illustrated with
examples. Types of meanings of simple onomatopoeic words according to the expression of sound or state were
classified separately. All onomatopoeic words in the dictionary are given as examples. Imitative words in
explanatory dictionaries published in 2006-2008 and 2023 were comparatively studied and opinions were
expressed about the differences between simple imitative words in some places. Also, onomatopoeic words with
one base were divided into types depending on whether they have an additional structural element or not and
comments were made on the form and size of onomatopoeic words in dictionaries (based on syllables). The
independent or compound occurrence of onomatopoeic words in illustrative examples was studied and examples
of compound onomatopoeic words were given. In explanatory dictionaries, the places where repetitive
onomatopoeic words are included in the illustrative examples of simple onomatopoeic words were studied
separately. Based on the data and conclusions obtained from the formal-structural analysis of onomatopoeic
words, additional information and recommendations for subsequent editions of the explanatory dictionary were
provided.
Keywords:
Simple imitation words, repeated imitation words, imitation of sound, imitation of situation,
illustrative example, explanation, syllable, additional structural element.
Introduction:
Purpose of research
The first example of a dictionary in the Uzbek language
was developed by Nazir Turakulov (1922). Later,
dictionaries of such scholars as M.Hasan (1926),
G.O.Yunusov
(1926),
Y.D.Polivanov
(1926),
K.K.Yudakhin (1927), A.Zohiriy (1927) were published.
In the
1930s, T.K.Niyazi’s, dictionary of mathematical
terms (1931), Kh.Niyazi’s dictionary of physics terms
(1932), A.Askarov and P.Najmiddinov’s dictionary of
anatomical terms (1933), N.Sayfulmulukov’s dictionary
of cotton growing terms (1933), A.Najib’s dictio
nary of
mechanical
terms
(1934),
N.Kolosovsky
and
Z.Saidnosirov’s dictionary of chemical terms (1935),
T.Zohidov’s dictionary of zoological terms (1938) and
many other dictionaries were published.
Also, special dictionaries were created, such as
A.Khojiev
’s dictionary of synonmys of the Uzbek
language, N.Mamatov, R.Shukurov’s dictionary of
antonyms, M.Mirtojiev’s dictionary of homonyms and
paronyms,
Sh.
Rakhmatullaev’s
dictionary
of
phraseology, O.Usmon, R.Doniyorov’s dictionary of
socio-political terms. A.K.Borovkov, K.K.Yudakhin,
V.V.Reshetov, Z.Marufov, O.Usmonov, S.Akobirov,
G.M.Mikhailov,
R.Doniyorov,
K.O.Sharafutdinova,
I.Khamdamova,
A.Khodzhakhonov
made
great
contributions to the development of scientific
principles of Uzbek lexicography. As a result of the
achievements in Uzbek lexicography, the 2 and 5
volume “Explanatory Dictionary of the Uzbek
Language” was published
.
International Journal Of Literature And Languages
47
https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ijll
International Journal Of Literature And Languages (ISSN: 2771-2834)
In Uzbek linguistics, scholars such as A.N.Kononov,
U.Tursunov, J.Mukhtorov, S.Usmonov, R.Kungurov,
Sh.Rakhmatullayev,
A.Nurmonov,
A.Sobirov,
Sh.Yusupova,
A.Anorbekova,
Sh.Mirzayeva,
R.Sayfullayeva conducted scientific research on
onomatopoeic words, studied them in detail and
developed a lot of information on the grammatical
description of onomatopoeic words.
From the studied sources and analyses, it is clear that
to date, comprehensive scientific research has been
conducted and is being studied on the topic of
onomatopoeic words, however, onomatopoeic words
included in the “Explanatory Dictionaries of the Uzbek
Language” have not be
en comparatively studied in the
lexicographic aspect and scientific research on their
formal-structural analysis has not been published.
The task of the research is to study phrases with the
participation of onomatopoeic words included in the
explanatory dictionary published in 2023, to formally
and structurally interpret, to conduct a comparative
analysis and to develop recommendations for
subsequent editions of the explanatory dictionary.
METHODS
The number of onomatopoeic words constantly
changes due to the renewal, change and increase of
surrounding sounds, actions and situations, as well as
objects in everyday life. Accordingly, onomatopoeic
words manifest themselves in various forms. Some
onomatopoeic words mean one-time occurrence,
brevity, slowness, weakness, while others express
speed, duration, multiplicity, repetition, strength.
In this article, onomatopoeic words in the “Explanatory
Dictionary of the Uzbek Language” published in 2006
-
2008 and 2023, were studied formally and structurally,
mainly on the basis of statistical analysis, comparison
and description.
Onomatopoeic words consisting of one stem are simple
onomatopoeic words. In the explanatory dictionary
published in 2006-2008, 164/63% of onomatopoeic
words (with references) consisting of one base are
included. Of these, 152 are sound imitations consisting
of 93% of one base, 6 are sound imitations of 4% of
cases, 4 are sound imitations of 2% of cases, and 2 are
sound imitations of 1% of cases.
1-picture.
apshu
ba
bitbildiq
dakang
ding‘
ding‘ir
dir
dong‘
dud
dukur
dup
dupur
dut
do‘ng‘
do‘p
do‘pir
do‘q
do‘qir
duk
guv
guldur
gijbang
gumbur
gup
gurs
hap
hiq
hov
hu
huyt
huh
ing
inga
jaz
jarang
jiring
jig‘
kukku
kuh
lov
miyov
parr
part
patir
paq
pir
pirt
pirq
pis
pix
piqir
piq
pov
pop
port
po‘k
po‘rt
qarr
qars
qasir
qag‘
qiy
qiyq
qirr
qirt
qirs
qisir
qitir
qiqir
qult
qur
tak
tap
tar
taraq
tarr
tars
tiz
ting‘
tirr
tirs
tiq
tuq
to‘p
to‘q
uv
uxu
vavag‘
vang‘
vit
vish
vov
puf
qix
taq
viz
zir
g‘iz
shatir
o‘ho‘
g‘ajir
g‘art
g‘arch
g‘at
g‘aq
g‘ijbang
g‘ijir
g‘iyt
g‘ilt
g‘ing
g‘ir
g‘irt
g‘iq
g‘uv
g‘o‘ng
shalop
shalp
shar
sharaq
shart
shaq
shivir
shildir
shilq
ship
shir
shiriq
shirt
shitir
shiq
shov
shovur
shuv
sho‘lp
sho‘lq
chak
chalp
chars
chip
chirk
chirt
chirs
chirq
chitir
chiq
chiqir
chig‘
churr
chug‘ur
cho‘lp
g‘arg‘ara
1-picture. Simple onomatopoeic words representing a sound given by taql.s. link
2- picture.
lop
vadavang
yalt
yaraq
yarq
zuv
2-picture. Simple onomatopoeic words describing a situation given by taql.s. link
3- picture.
dik
dikir
dirk
milt
International Journal Of Literature And Languages
48
https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ijll
International Journal Of Literature And Languages (ISSN: 2771-2834)
3- picture. Simple onomatopoeic words describing a situation given by tasv.s. link
4- picture
.
dirr
shilt
4-picture. Simple onomatopoeic words that represent both sound and state with taql.s.link
The explanatory dictionary published in 2023 includes
162/60% onomatopoeic words (linked) consisting of
one base. Of these, 149 are onomatopoeic words
consisting of 92% of one base, 7 are onomatopoeic
words consisting of 4% of cases, 4 are onomatopoeic
words representing a state given with a 2% tasv.s. link,
2 are onomatopoeic words representing both sound
and state consisting of 1% of one base.
5- picture.
apshu
ba
bitbildiq
dakang
ding‘
ding‘ir
dir
dong‘
dud
dukur
dup
dupur
dut
do‘ng‘
do‘p
do‘pir
do‘q
do‘qir
duk
gijbang
guldur
gumbur
gup
gurs
guv
hap
hiq
hov
hu
huh
ing
inga
jarang
jaz
jiring
jig‘
kuh
lov
tak
tap
taq
tar
taraq
tarr
tars
ting‘
tiq
tirr
tirs
tiz
tuq
to‘p
to‘q
uv
vang‘
vit
viz
vish
vov
zir
o‘ho‘
g‘ajir
g‘aq
g‘art
g‘arch
g‘at
g‘ijbang
g‘ijir
g‘ilt
g‘ir
g‘iq
g‘irt
g‘iyt
g‘iz
g‘ing
g‘ujur
g‘uv
g‘o‘ng
miyov
paq
parr
part
patir
piq
piqir
pir
pirq
pirt
pis
pix
pop
port
pov
puf
po‘k
po‘rt
qarr
qars
qasir
qag‘
qiqir
qirr
qirt
qirs
qisir
qitir
qix
qiy
qiyq
qult
qur
shalop
shalp
shaq
sharr
sharaq
shart
shatir
shildir
shilq
ship
shiq
shir
shiriq
shirt
shitir
shivir
shov
shovur
shuv
sho‘lp
sho‘lq
chak
chars
chip
chiq
chiqir
chirk
chirq
chirs
chirt
chitir
chig‘
churr
cho‘lp
chug‘ur
huyt
5- picture. Simple onomatopoeic words representing a sound given by taql.s. link
6- picture.
duv
lop
vadavang
yalt
yaraq
yarq
zuv
6- picture. Simple onomatopoeic words describing a situation given by taql.s. link
7- picture.
dik
dikir
dirk
milt
7- picture. Simple onomatopoeic words describing a situation given by tasv.s. link
8- picture.
dirr
shilt
8- picture. Simple onomatopoeic words that represent both sound and state with taql.s.link
RESULTS
Simple onomatopoeic words can also consist of one
syllable and several syllables. In the “Explanatory
Dictionary of the Uzbek Language” (
5 volumes), among
simple onomatopoeic words, those consisting of one
syllable make up the majority. In particular, 118 words
with a one-syllable taql.s. link are 72%, 41 words with a
two syllable taql.s. link are 25% (apshu, dakang, ding‘ir,
dukur, dupur,
do‘pir, do‘qir va sh.k. ), 3 words with a
three-
syllable taql.s. link are 2% (bitbildiq, g‘arg‘ara,
vadavang ), 2 words with a four-syllable taql.s. link are
1% (porillamoq, g‘idg‘idlamoq ).
International Journal Of Literature And Languages
49
https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ijll
International Journal Of Literature And Languages (ISSN: 2771-2834)
In the “Explanatory Dictionary of the Uzbek Language”
published in 2023, among simple onomatopoeic words,
the majority consist of one syllable. In particular, 119
words with a one-syllable taql.s. link are 73%, 39 words
with a two syllable taql.s. link are 24% (jarang, jiring,
taraq, o‘ho‘, g‘ajir, g‘ijbang, g‘ijir va
sh.k. ), 2 words with
a three-syllable taql.s. link are 3% (bitbildiq, vadavang
), 2 words with a four-syllable taql.s. link are 1%
(porillamoq, g‘idg‘idlamoq ).
Simple onomatopoeic words consist of the base itself
or are found in the presence of an additional structural
element in the base. Onomatopoeic words, consisting
of the base itself, according to their meaning, express
the weakness, brevity of a sound or state, while simple
onomatopoeic words, containing an additional
structural element in the base, formally turn
monosyllabic onomatopoeic words into two syllables
and according to their meaning, serve to express the
strength, duration of a sound or state.
I
n the “Explanatory Dictionary of the Uzbek Language”
(5 volumes), the number of onomatopoeic words
consisting of the base itself, included in the form of
onomatopoeia, is 152/93%, while the number of words
containing an additional structural element is 12/7%
(dik-
dikir, ding‘
-
ding‘ir, duk
-dukur, dup-dupur,
do‘p
-
do‘pir, do‘q
-
do‘qir, piq
-piqir, ing-inga, shov-
shovur, chiq-
chiqir, g‘ij
-
g‘ijir, pat
- patir ).
In the “Explanatory Dictionary of the Uzbek Language”
(6 volumes), the number of onomatopoeic words
consisting of the base itself, included in the reference
of onomatopoeic words, is 150, which makes up 93%
and the number of onomatopoeic words containing
additional structural elements is 12/7% (dik-
dikir, ding‘
-
ding‘ir, duk
-dukur, dup-
dupur, do‘p
-
do‘pir, do‘q
-
do‘qir,
piq-piqir, ing-inga, shov-shovur, chiq-
chiqir, g‘ij
-
g‘ijir,
pat- patir ). For example,
DUK
Chelakdan ikkinchi shishani olib tagiga bir urdi-da,
Sultonning oldiga “duk” etkazib qo‘ydi. O.Yoqubov,
Larza.
DUKUR
Boshqalar ham yotib quloq soldilar. Ammo
hech kim dukurning qayoqdan kelayotganini aniqlay
olmadi . M.Ismoiliy, Farg‘ona tong otguncha.
Some simple onomatopoeic words cannot be used
alone in a sentence; they are combined with verbs like
etmoq (to do), demoq (to say) and are used only in
c
ompound verbs. For example, ko‘cha eshik sharaq etib
ochildi. Qo‘qqisdan “ship” etgan bir sharpa uni
to‘xtatdi. Shu payt shir etgan tovush eshitildi
-yu,
qizning nazarini o‘ziga tortdi. U gulni shirt etib kesib
oldi. Oyna chars etib sindi. Rohila sumkani chirq etib
berkitdi-
yu, ko‘chaga qarab chopdi. Qarqunoq chig‘
etib og‘zini ochdi .
In the “Explanatory Dictionary of the Uzbek Language”
(6 volumes), some repeated imitations are included not
as separate words, but as illustrative examples of
simple imitative words (dakang, duk, gurs, viz, vish, vov,
yaraq, g‘ajir, g‘at, g‘iz, g‘uv, g‘ujur, milt, pitpiliq, qix, qiy,
qurey, shiq, shivir, sho‘lp va sh.k.). For example,
DAKANG
Childirmaning ovozi kulurkim, dakang-
dakang. “Mushtum”.
VIZ
Uh, tindi tig‘larning sovuq jarangi, tindi kamon o‘qin
mash’um viz
-vizi. O.Hakimov .
They are 3 (bitbildiq, o‘ho‘, qarr) repeated imitative
words in the tautological form that appear in the
composition of simple onomatopoeic words.
BITBILDIQ
- Bitbildiq, bitbildiq!
–
bedana allaqanday
ehtiros bilan sayrar edi. S.Anorboyev, Oqsoy.
QARR
Zerikdimi, nega “qarr, qarr” demaydi qarg‘a,
qarang. G‘.G‘ulom.
There are 3 repeated imitations (qult, chalp, chiqir),
both as independent words and as part of simple
imitations. For example,
QULT
Shishani burniga yaqinlashtirib, qiziqsinib tikildi-
yu, dast ko‘tarib, qult
-
qult icha boshladi. A.Ko‘chimov,
Halqa.
QULT-QULT
Sekin po‘stini archisang, og‘zingga solib,
tiling bilan tanglayingga bossang-u, suvini qult-qult
yutsang. A.Qahhor, Ko‘k konvert.
CONCLUSION
In this article, monosyllabic (simple) onomatopoeic
words in the “Explanatory Dictionary of the Uzbek
Language”, published in 2006
-2008 and 2023, were
studied based on statistical analysis, comparison and
description.
9-picture.
Classification of single-base stamp imitations
Total
Sound imitation
Simulation
of
the
situation
Tasv.s.
link
Simulate both sound and
position
164 / 63%
152
/
93%
6 / 4%
4 / 2%
2
/ 1
%
Classification of homologous imitations based on syllables
1 syllable imitation
2 syllable imitation
3 syllable imitation
4 syllable imitation
118
/
72%
41
/
25%
3
/
2%
2
/
1%
International Journal Of Literature And Languages
50
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International Journal Of Literature And Languages (ISSN: 2771-2834)
Classification of simple, stamped imitations according to whether they consist of a base or contain an
additional structural element in the base
Imitations of the base itself
Imitations with an additional structural element in
the basis
152
/
93%
12
/
7%
9-picture. Formal-structural analysis of onomatopoeic words in the 5 volume “Explanatory Dictionary of the Uzbek
Language” and statistics based on percentages
10-picture.
Classification of single-base stamp imitations
Total
Sound imitation
Simulation
of
the
situation
Tasv.s.
link
Simulate both sound and
position
162
/
60%
149
/
92%
7
/
4%
4 / 2%
2
/ 1
%
Classification of homologous imitations based on syllables
1 syllable imitation
2 syllable imitation
3 syllable imitation
4 syllable imitation
119
/
73%
39
/
24%
2
/
1%
2
/
1%
Classification of simple, stamped imitations according to whether they consist of a base or contain an
additional structural element in the base
Imitations of the base itself
Imitations with an additional structural element in
the basis
150
/
93%
12
/
7%
9- picture. Formal-structural analysis of onomatopoeic words in the 6 volume “Explanatory Dictionary of the Uzbek
Language” and statistics based on percentages
In the course of the study, on the basis of individual
examples, the types of imitative words with a single
base (simple) are shown. Based on examples, the types
of meanings of simple onomatopoeic words depending
on the expression of sound or state are highlighted.
Simple
onomatopoeic
words
in
explanatory
dictionaries published in 2006-2008 and 2023 were
comparatively studied and opinions were expressed
about the different aspects of simple onomatopoeic
words in some places. Based on the analysis and the
studied
data,
additional
information
and
recommendations for subsequent editions of the
explanatory dictionary were provided.
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