Volume 03 Issue 10-2023
13
International Journal Of Management And Economics Fundamental
(ISSN
–
2771-2257)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
10
P
AGES
:
13-19
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
7.
448
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ABSTRACT
One of the important parts of the work of the service of early identification and notification of the increase and spread
of pests and diseases of agricultural crops is the correct implementation of accounting work.
KEYWORDS
Measurements, accounting, quantities, pests.
INTRODUCTION
Measurements to determine the quantity and quality
of the harvest were carried out in each harvest, and the
quantities of quality and low-quality products were
determined.
In order to determine the economic efficiency, the cost
of growing the product, the net profit, the cost of the
product, and the level of profitability were calculated
as a result of determining the price of the additional
crop.
Consideration of pests and diseases is conditionally
divided into the following groups:
•
Accounting in the soil.
•
Counting on the surface of the soil and plant
residues.
•
Counting through decoy baits and various insect
traps.
•
Considering pests and diseases in plants.
Research Article
METHODS OF IDENTIFYING AND ACCOUNTING FOR PESTS OF ROSA
Submission Date:
October 01, 2023,
Accepted Date:
October 06, 2023,
Published Date:
October 11, 2023
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ijmef/Volume03Issue10-03
Abdunabiyeva Sevara Shuhrat Qizi
Master Student, Termiz Institute of Agrotechnology And Innovative Development, Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ijmef
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 03 Issue 10-2023
14
International Journal Of Management And Economics Fundamental
(ISSN
–
2771-2257)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
10
P
AGES
:
13-19
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
7.
448
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
In order to expand the area of agricultural crops and
increase their productivity, it is necessary to pay special
attention to pests in quarantine and other economic
risks. In this regard, the method of ferromonitoring has
a great role. As a result of determining the
development of the pest in nature, this method
determines the scientifically based period of using a
biological or chemical method against it and increases
the protection efficiency.
"Pheromone" is a mixture of organic chemicals with a
complex molecular structure that separates insects
from their special glands for communication. Sex
pheromone traps are environmentally friendly
biological protection, harmless to the environment and
plants. As a result of the use of sex pheromone traps,
the pest appears, and depending on the amount of the
pest that falls on the pheromone, the duration of the
fight against it is determined.
Sex pheromone is mainly produced by females. Sex
pheromone is produced by special endocrine glands of
insects and is designed to attract the opposite sex.
Attracted by scents, male insects of this species fly
mainly at night to court.
Currently, the sex pheromone (JF) content of about
600 insects has been determined in the world, and 100
of them are used in practice.
Pheromone traps are used for the following purposes:
Using pheromone traps to determine the period and
density of the same insect that began to develop in the
spring; to compile the number of joints in the season,
their duration and phenogram.
Determining which protection method should be used
and when, depending on the density of butterflies
caught on pheromone traps; to determine the most
effective time to spread the trichogram in the field.
The working process of pheromone traps is that the
male butterfly, attracted by the artificial smell, sticks to
the sticky paper placed inside the trap. Artificial
pheromone is a strong attractant, that is, it has several
times stronger attraction than a natural butterfly. Each
type of insect has its own pheromone, which has a
certain structure and composition. In practice, with the
help of a pheromone trap, it is possible to determine
the development of the same insect and to hesitate for
the necessary control method. This makes it possible,
firstly, to prevent damage at the expense of timely
fighting, and secondly, to put an end to wasteful
processing.
Catch (trap). There are many types of pheromone
traps. In horticulture, a triangular cardboard handle is
the most convenient, while in Rosa growing, 2-3 types
of handles, which differ little from each other, are
recommended. The handle of this form meets the
demand in many respects. These handles consist of 2
parts and are connected to each other by an iron wire.
The gap on the four sides of the handle, where the
butterfly enters, is at a height that does not allow the
entry of birds. Adhesive tape. On the lower part of the
handles, paper coated with special glue for hanging
Volume 03 Issue 10-2023
15
International Journal Of Management And Economics Fundamental
(ISSN
–
2771-2257)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
10
P
AGES
:
13-19
SJIF
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FACTOR
(2021:
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(2022:
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(2023:
7.
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)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
butterflies is placed. Due to the increase of the
butterfly and the surface is covered with dust, the
adhesive loses its adhesion. Therefore, it should be
updated. Glue is applied to special papers that cannot
be absorbed. Glue is applied to one sticker 1-2 mm
thick, and the second one is covered with such clean
paper. In the field, the adhesives are separated from
each other and put on the handles, that is, 2 adhesives
are ready. The glue can be easily spread with the help
of wooden shovels. One side is cut to the center to
make it easier to place the stickers on the handles.
Tweezers are used to replace adhesives. It is necessary
to apply the glue to the cardboard papers covered with
a film (laminated) on one side. In general, these papers
should be moisture and glue impervious.
Glue. Pheromone traps use entomological glue, which
is different from other glues, does not dry for a long
time, has strong adhesive properties and is well stored.
This glue is less affected even under high temperature.
Iron wire. A 3-5 mm thick iron wire is cut to a length of
15-20 cm and fixed to a wooden stake with hemp rope
or aluminum wire. When fastening, it is necessary to
ensure that the wire rises 10-12 cm from the top of the
wooden stake. A handle is attached to this part.
A wooden stake. It is convenient to use mulberry
branches left over from feeding silkworms when
setting up pheromone traps. Unbent mulberry
branches are selected and cut into 130-150 cm lengths.
The thick side of the branch is sharpened and made
into a stake, suitable for driving into the ground. An
iron wire is attached to the other side. A wooden stake
is installed 100-120 cm above the ground level, it is not
necessary to attach any transverse steps to it, because
it has been proven that the flight (hanging) of
butterflies at a height of 2 m from the ground level is
the same, and it does not depend on the proximity to
the crop.
In order to identify and take into account soil-dwelling
pests, excavation works are carried out at different
depths on the surface of 25 x 25 cm, 50 x 50 cm, and
sometimes 0.5-100 cm. Samples are taken diagonally
(checkerboard). The number of samples is 8 at 10, 12 at
11-50, 16 at 51-100.
In the process of digging, the soil is observed by eye,
passed through a wire sieve and can be washed.
Samples can also be obtained through soil borings.
Washing is carried out in the place where the sample is
planted. Found insects sponge and eggs in water for
10-15 seconds. After boiling, imagos are collected on a
layer of Rosa, eggs and larvae are preserved in 4%
formalin or 70% alcohol.
Samples are taken at each site to account for pests and
pathogens found on the soil surface and plant debris.
Samples are 20 x 20 cm, 30 x 30 cm, 100 x 100 cm square
or 30 x 100 cm long. If 15 samples are taken in a field,
and 11 of them are found to be beetles (or other
insects), the probability
is 11 x 100 78%.O‘simliklarni
kasallik qo‘zg‘atuvchilarini o‘simlik qoldiqlarida va
qishlovchi o‘tlarda hisobga olinadi.
Volume 03 Issue 10-2023
16
International Journal Of Management And Economics Fundamental
(ISSN
–
2771-2257)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
10
P
AGES
:
13-19
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
7.
448
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
Deceptive baits (yeasts, molasses, attractants) and
various traps (jars hidden in the soil) are used in the
light of insect traps and hokazos to keep track of
harmful insects.
Pheromone traps are widely used, especially for
catching butterflies.
In the light, insect traps are hung on poles at a height
of 3-4 meters. Pheromone traps are hung from tree
branches or placed on sticks placed in the soil in field
crops.
Insects and other pests are observed on modern plants
or on a randomly selected plant according to the
methodology developed for counting insects and
other pests on plants. The number of pests and
beneficial insects is counted in 100 plants and 100
leaves. Insects found in plants are also taken into
account through entomological surveys.
Entomological problems, especially alfalfa pests
(alfalfa weevil, etc.) are often noted. Yellow paper
coated with glue is also used to count the coins. Insects
found inside plants (fruit, between leaves, under bark,
wood) are identified by cutting and slitting. Insects and
mites are observed through magnifying glasses. The
beetles and larvae of the pest gnaw the leaves of the
plant, leaving only the veins of the leaves, they make
pits in the fruit and the fruit rots, the yield decreases
sharply.
Rosa is a medicinal plant that is widely used in the
pharmaceutical industry due to its medicinal
properties. The natural populations of this plant in our
Republic have a rich gene pool, their study and the
selection of promising forms with valuable economic
and biological characteristics and their introduction
into production are the current tasks of the field of
forestry and medicinal plant science. is one of the
urgent issues. The study of selected forms of Rosa was
carried out according to the following important
economic and biological characteristics: - drought
resistance and heat tolerance; - cold tolerance; -
general condition of the plant; - pest and disease
resistance; - degree of covering of branches with
thorns; - fruit size, weight of 100 fruits; - biochemical
composition of fruits; - quantity and consistency of
productivity; Although the Rosa bushes are considered
frost-resistant, in some years, due to a sudden drop in
temperature in late autumn or early spring, the plant
may show signs of frost damage of various degrees.
Damage to vegetative and generative buds on more
branches is noted. Frost damage to the bush is
determined visually and is evaluated with the following
points: 5 points - no signs of frost damage to the bush;
4 points - the damage is very slow, the tips of one-year
branches (1/4 part) are damaged by frost; 3 points -
slightly damaged, one-year branches, sometimes two-
year branches are damaged by frost; 2 points -
moderate damage, two-year, sometimes perennial
branches are damaged by cold;
1 point - severe damage is noted, most of the perennial
branches in the bush are damaged by frost, the
regeneration of the bush takes place due to the growth
Volume 03 Issue 10-2023
17
International Journal Of Management And Economics Fundamental
(ISSN
–
2771-2257)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
10
P
AGES
:
13-19
SJIF
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MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
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(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
7.
448
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
of new branches from dormant buds in the root joint.
Severe frost damage to the root system of the plant
can occur only in the harsh winter season with little
snow, due to deep freezing of the ground layer. The
general condition of the Rosa bush reflects the
adaptive flexibility of the form. It is determined visually
and evaluated in points as follows: 5 points - excellent
condition: the bush is healthy and the growth of annual
branches is strong and the leaves are well developed,
there are no signs of damage from frost, pests and
diseases; 4 points - good condition: the bush is healthy
and the growth of annual branches is good, the color
and size of the leaves are normal, there are small signs
of damage from frost, pests and diseases; 3 points -
average condition: the growth and development of
annual branches is average, the bush has some signs of
damage from frost, pests and diseases, the bush is
weakened, its leaves are crushed; 2 points - weak
condition: the growth of the branches is somewhat
reduced, the bush is damaged by frost, pests and
diseases, the annual growth of the branches is weak, it
is not well covered with leaves, and the leaves are
small, not typical leaves of the species; 1 point - the
bush is very weakened, the annual growth in the
branches is very slow, there are dry branches damaged
by pests and diseases.
CONCLUSION
The root system of Rosas is considered to be the semi-
underground part of this bush, which has been
thickened for many years, and it ensures frequent
renewal of the above-ground branches of the plant and
constant yield. This feature is considered as a unique
valuable biological feature of Rosa, formed during the
evolutionary process of natural selection and struggle
for survival in harsh climatic conditions. The flowering
period of the Rosas mainly falls on April-May, they also
depend on the height above the sea level, and as we go
higher up the mountain, the flowering period is pushed
towards May-June. The duration of the flowering
period exceeds the vegetation period, depending on
weather conditions, and averages 28-30 days. Under
natural conditions, the period of yielding of the Rosa
bush begins in 4-6 years, under cultural conditions,
when they are well cared for, the seedlings planted in
2-3 years begin to harvest. It was noted that
vegetatively propagated seedlings yield faster than
seedlings grown from seeds. In particular, the
seedlings grown by taking roots from the cuttings of
the winter wooded branches were fully harvested in 2
years. Rosa bushes produce a crop every year, but its
amount can change depending on the weather
conditions during budding, flowering and fruiting.
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International Journal Of Management And Economics Fundamental
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03
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13-19
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OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
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Volume 03 Issue 10-2023
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International Journal Of Management And Economics Fundamental
(ISSN
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2771-2257)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
10
P
AGES
:
13-19
SJIF
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MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
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)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
7.
448
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
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