Volume 03 Issue 09-2023
21
International Journal Of Management And Economics Fundamental
(ISSN
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2771-2257)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
09
P
AGES
:
21-30
SJIF
I
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FACTOR
(2021:
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)
(2023:
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)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ABSTRACT
The article deals with research issues on determining the Hard skills and Soft skills of the labor potential of university
graduates from the perspective of assessing academic knowledge and skills by employers and graduates themselves,
innovative and competitive skills and their compliance with business needs. Possible models of education and tasks
for improving available resources are proposed, with a focus on the needs of the labor market for small businesses,
which need to be solved to increase demand in educational institutions with the provision of multilateral educational
services.
KEYWORDS
Innovative thinking, small business, innovative interest, innovative and competitive skills of university graduates, Hard
skills, Soft skills, matching skills to business, modern educational models, 4-dimensional education, requirements for
skills in the labor market of small and medium-sized businesses, content educational services.
INTRODUCTION
Digital transformation of the communication and
organizational functions of agents of economic
relations requires transformation in the educational
process of forming labor potential, in particular young
people, who provide the qualitative components of the
labor market requirements.
Research Article
PROPORTIONALITY OF THE RELEVANCE OF KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS OF
UNIVERSITY GRADUATES WITH THE REQUIREMENTS OF THE LABOR
MARKET OF SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISE
Submission Date:
September 09, 2023,
Accepted Date:
September 14, 2023,
Published Date:
September 19, 2023
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ijmef/Volume03Issue09-04
Namazova Nodira Dzhumaevna
Candidate Of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor Of The Department Of Social Sciences Bukhara State
Medical Institute Named After Abu Ali Ibn Sino, Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ijmef
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
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International Journal Of Management And Economics Fundamental
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SJIF
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OCLC
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1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
The presence of wave-like development trends in the
economy is a proven fact. In addition to large cycles
explained by the introduction of innovations, there are
medium and small ones in the economy. And it is
precisely small cycles that can include a vital
component of the development of qualitative
characteristics of labor potential - this is the systematic
development of soft skills. The low level of
development of these skills slows down the decision-
making process, which reduces the speed of response
to environmental factors of the organization, where a
trained specialist implements his knowledge and skills,
and is also a weakness in the SWOT analysis of the
system and principles of the educational process of
individual higher educational institutions that are
building their priority action strategy.
In Uzbekistan, the introduction of modern innovative
ideas, developments and technologies is given the
status of a high-quality source of a quick and qualitative
breakthrough for society and achieving the level of
developed countries in the world economy.
The European Bank for Reconstruction and
Development (EBRD) uses the EBRD Knowledge
Economy Index, covering 46 countries, divided into
four main components: long-term knowledge
activities: (1) innovation institutions to measure the
level of sophistication of the knowledge economy
(innovation) among countries as part of economic
development , (2) skills for innovation, (3) innovation
system and (4) ICT infrastructure. Thus, in 2019, among
the regions of EBRD operations, the corresponding
values of this indicator out of 10 possible were: Estonia
- 6.82, Russia - 4.93, Turkey - 4.6, Belarus - 5.21,
Kazakhstan - 4, 85, Uzbekistan
–
3.82, and the lowest in
Turkmenistan
–
2.26.[4]
According to the global innovation index (GII),
Uzbekistan ranked 122nd among 141 countries in 2015,
93rd among 131 countries in 2020, and reached 82nd
place in 2022. In addition, in 2022 it ranked 10th among
lower-middle-income countries compared to 12th in
2020 and ranked 3rd among 10 countries in Central and
South Asia against 4th in 2020. [16]
When analyzing the index, it turned out that
Uzbekistan has achieved better results in terms of the
level of market complexity, but lags behind in terms of
business complexity and creative results. Among them,
the lag is observed in the criteria of knowledge
dissemination (131) and creative results (127). A
significant gap occurs between investments in
innovation activities and returns, although these
indicators have improved compared to previous years.
In our opinion, these indicators certainly correlate with
the practical impact of innovative skills and knowledge
on the part of educated youth, including.[19]
Of course, the innovative activity of economic entities
directly depends on the progress of the labor potential
of young people.
In modern Uzbekistan, higher education is one of the
fastest growing areas; therefore, problems are
brewing that determine not only the level of youth
Volume 03 Issue 09-2023
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International Journal Of Management And Economics Fundamental
(ISSN
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VOLUME
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ISSUE
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SJIF
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FACTOR
(2021:
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(2022:
5.
705
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(2023:
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)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
employment, but also the revision of educational
programs aimed at a competent approach to training
specialists, ensuring the successful use of professional
knowledge and skills, based on the construction of an
educational strategy taking into account local
conditions and market needs.
2020 year
2022 year
Figure 1. Uzbekista
n’s GII ranking among groups of lower
-middle-income countries
The World Bank Group conducted a survey of small,
medium and large enterprises in all regions of
Uzbekistan. It found that over the past three years, 10%
of firms surveyed had leveraged external best-practice
knowledge, 13% had leveraged internal capabilities, and
7% had used contract outsourcing to innovate.[3]
Innovative activity influences employment growth.
Thus, in 83% of all companies that introduced product
innovations, there was an increase in personnel
compared to companies that did not implement them
- their increase was 75%. The question of the role of
practical innovative characteristics of human capital in
Volume 03 Issue 09-2023
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(ISSN
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(2021:
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(2023:
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OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ensuring sustainable economic growth of the country
becomes relevant again.
Thus, the innovative reorganization of the activities of
small enterprises - small businesses - requires a revision
of the ways of developing the qualification
characteristics of the labor potential of the regions. In
this regard, we face a key task: to determine the
compliance of the needs of small businesses and the
orientation
of educational programs in
the
professional and innovative skills of the regional labor
potential of university graduates in the region with the
determination
of
prospects
for
its
further
development.
Today, in most cases, having a higher education
diploma is considered insufficient from the point of
view of entrepreneurs and employers, but for state
and budget organizations this fact is sufficient.
Skills and knowledge related to or affecting the
innovative sphere in business are particularly specific,
relate to engineering professions, scientists and active
entrepreneurs and include a wide range of
qualifications and their optimal balance.
In our study, the content and usefulness of skills were
divided into 2 groups: professional skills (Hard skills)
and universal, organizational skills (Soft skills).
Professional skills included knowledge, skills and
competence in their special field of education and
qualifications. Soft skills included practical soft skills
not related to the profession. According to many
researchers, developed soft skills ensure more than
80% of success in employment and career development
at work. [eleven]
We agree with the definition given by OECD
(Organization for Economic Co-operation and
Development) researchers: “skills are the div of
knowledge, attributes and abilities that enable an
individual to successfully and consistently perform
specified tasks, in a broad or narrow sense, and which
he acquires and dev
elops through training.” .[eleven]
From the standpoint of assessing the content and
compliance with modern requirements of the
innovative and competitive characteristics of labor
potential on a regional scale, we conducted a series of
consultations with a request to answer questions in the
blocks of the questionnaire.
The content and usefulness of the skills were divided
into 2 groups: professional skills (Hard skills) and
universal,
organizational
skills
(Soft
skills).
Respondents were asked to give a retrospective
assessment of the importance of 15 innovative and
competitive skills of the soft skills category in their
work, a self-assessment of the level of application of
these skills, feedback on useful teaching methods from
the standpoint of competencies in the development of
knowledge, skills and abilities.
The survey included university graduates with 3 to 5
years of work experience and employers-owners of
small businesses in the manufacturing sector, service
sector, catering and restaurant services, private health
clinics and trade. Respondents were asked to
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Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
retrospectively assess three key strengths and
weaknesses in terms of skill development from the
post-secondary
stage
of
the
programme,
manifestations in the workplace and employer
expectations. The importance of the listed Hard and
Soft skills was assessed on a 10-point scale with
increasing degrees of importance.
During the consultations, heads of small businesses
expressed their opinions. The diagram compiled based
on the survey results clearly shows the relevance of
creating increased demand from small businesses for a
group of skills - Soft skills.
Professionals agree that university education
programs largely justify the development of analytical
thinking skills, the ability to quickly acquire new
knowledge, professional literacy, and the use of
information technology. At the same time, employers
are not satisfied with the level of social, creative and
behavioral skills of graduates, and former students
themselves more often complain about the
shortcomings of the university programs they study,
which they see as the cause of weaknesses in their
team activities (collaboration, problem identification,
problem
solving,
creativity,
self-education
,
communication and leadership skills), in contrast to
critical thinking and subject-matter professional
knowledge (Fig. 2).
If we take, for example, employment with high wages
as a criterion for quality education, then quite often a
paradoxical situation emerges when an imbalance
appears between universities and the labor market,
which is expressed in the absence of a connection
between academic performance at the university and
the level of wages of graduates. For example,
graduates who studied on a grant achieve worse
success than those who studied on a contract basis. At
the same time, respondents studying on a contract
basis have higher earnings. Thus, it turns out that
higher academic performance does not bring a
“return” on the labor market, which reflects one of the
central issues for understanding the relationship
between education and the labor market. [9]
In our opinion, it is appropriate for higher education
institutions to reconsider their approaches to the
curriculum, aimed at developing the skills that are
important for innovation, regardless of discipline.
From this position, one of the modern educational
models deserves attention - STEM education (Science,
Technology, Engineering, Mathematics), capable of
developing “soft” skills with engineering innovative
thinking according to its program. [10]
In addition, establishing a healthy balance of
multidisciplinary
and
interdisciplinary
skills
in
entrepreneurship
helps
ensure
transformative
education.
Of course, Soft skills can be determined by innate
characteristics, or forced acquired experience, but
such a circumstance is ineffective and unstable, since
they are used on a whim, unsystematically and
sometimes have a long lag time for effective
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Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
manifestation. That is, 3-4 years of work experience a
young specialist has only 46% of usefulness for the
organization in which he operates.
Figure 2. Assessment of the compliance of the innovative-competitive skills of university graduates demonstrated in
their work with innovative-interested small businesses from the point of view of the graduates themselves and their
employers.
As a result, the question arises of how to solve the
pressing problem of motivating students and future
graduates in an effort not only to acquire specialized
skills, but also to form a full range of skills, knowledge,
and competencies that have their own innovativeness.
Friendliness, sociability, activity, creativity, etc. Such
characteristics are insufficient today and young people
need training that would help them adapt to
innovation-oriented activities.
Friendliness, sociability, activity, creativity, etc. Such
characteristics are insufficient today and young people
need training that would help them adapt to
innovation-oriented activities.
Changes in the proportionality of the place and
importance of education in the general qualitative
characteristics of labor potential are evident
everywhere. The desire of the education industry to
reach the University-3 level, which determines
technological and innovative progress, and implies an
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increase in the quality of human capital, is
understandable. It is well known that in the higher
education system in recent years, a well-known two-
dimensional education has been determined (the
development of professional Hard skills and soft Soft
skills), however, the presence of a time lag and
obsolescence of the relevance of certain knowledge,
as well as high rates of outpacing innovative market
demands show that this is becoming insufficient today.
And the relevance is revealed in the need to develop
skills in personalized personal education. This system
has come to be known as “four
-dimensional
education,” charact
erized by its use of a learning
model called Meta-
Learning, “the process by which
learners become aware of and increasingly in control
of the habits of perception, exploration, learning, and
growth that they have learned.” The most simplified
definition is given by John Biggs (1985) - meta-learning
is a method that allows you to “be aware of and control
your learning.” Four
-dimensional education covers
such aspects as knowledge, skills (hard and soft), the
formation of personal qualities and the meta-learning
strategy. The main principle of Meta-learning is a
development mindset. It can be argued that this
method today can help meet the requirements for the
educational process in universities in the process of
developing innovative soft skills in combination with
basic professional knowledge and skills that help a
young modern specialist successfully cope with various
life circumstances in any typical traditional, as well as
risky conditions and situations.Следовательно, с
целью обеспечения соразмерности и соответствия
содержания
и
качественной
составляющей
образовательных услуг вузов и требований рынка
труда малого и среднего бизнеса, а также более
гибкой адаптации к условиям экономики знаний
необходим
процесс
пересмотра
высшими
учебными
учреждениями
имеющихся
организационных, педагогических, материальных,
информационных ресурсов программ образования,
с ориентацией на потребности рынка труда для
малого бизнеса.
At the same time, we propose solutions to the
following problems:
1.
Modernize the information and technological base
of university sciences and university sciences
themselves;
2.
Expand propaganda and organize the activities of
small scientific and production clusters and
technology parks in the territories;
3.
To establish targeted integration between
ministries,
small
businesses,
scientific
organizations and universities in relevant areas
based on developed interaction platforms;
4.
Establish long-term contacts with successful
foreign innovation parks, clusters, companies to
gain experience in contacts between universities
and local creative youth;
5.
Create a regional business portfolio of innovative
professions (such as Data Scientist, Data Engineer,
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1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
etc.) requiring investment from public-private
partnerships.
6.
Organize a platform based on the transformation
of attitudes towards a higher education diploma in
connection with the uniqueness of educational
programs of universities and feedback from
employers. Development of own mandatory
programs in connection with the educational
standard for hard and soft skills by each higher
education institution;
7.
Organization of simulation and adaptation centers
across territories in order to develop skills in
behavior in non-traditional situations, teamwork,
analysis of real situations and development of
projects;
8.
When receiving higher education, along with the
diploma, issue a certified resume describing the
potential abilities of the graduate, assessed not
only by the university, but also by employers;
9.
The return of academic knowledge and skills on the
part of graduates is to compensate for the costs of
education and obtain a decent income for leading
personal and family life. In this regard, the priority
in choosing a specialty in the labor market,
regardless of the qualifications obtained, is to
search for opportunities to obtain high incomes
and guarantees of career growth.
10.
Develop a connection mechanism and criteria for
postgraduate assessment of the impact of
academic performance on wages, initiative and
careers of graduates, which may correspond to
solving the issue of the connection between
education and the labor market;
11.
Organization of work to develop skills in
orientation and behavior in the labor market,
adaptation in the labor market through
familiarization with the necessary knowledge on
soft skills through a platform in specific industries,
starting from the second year of training in special
disciplines.
Thus, a thorough revision of the above positions will
contribute to the transition to the path of
development of a knowledge society as a result of
targeted efforts not only by the state, but also by the
entire society. Advanced innovation-oriented highly
professional education should be aimed at developing
a person’s natural predisposition to solve creative
applied social, managerial, organizational, and
technological problems.
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Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
специалистов.htps://trends.rbc.ru/trends/edu
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