Volume 04 Issue 12-2024
63
International Journal Of Management And Economics Fundamental
(ISSN
–
2771-2257)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
12
P
AGES
:
63-71
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ABSTRACT
This article focuses on the reforms implemented in the field of sports in our country and the models for the quality of
training of specialists in the field of physical education and sports.
KEYWORDS
Physical education, sports and tourism, the decision "On measures to further improve the system of training and
scientific research in the field of physical education and sports".
INTRODUCTION
The relevance and necessity of the dissertation topic.
The preparation of talented and promising athletes
worldwide, particularly improving their annual training
sessions and searching for methods that allow for the
growth of sports results, is considered one of the
important issues of a new scientific and theoretical
approach. When comparing the sports results of our
short-distance runners with those of top sprinters
worldwide, it can be noted that foreign athletes have
advanced significantly. In preparing athletes for short-
distance running, the annual training process involves
distributing loads during the preparation phase,
Research Article
DETERMINING, ANALYZING AND DEVELOPING INDICATORS OF
BIOMECHANICAL PARAMETERS OF HIGHLY SKILLED AND QUALIFIED
ATHLETES AND BEGINNERS IN SHORT-DISTANCE RUNNING
COMPETITIONS
Submission Date:
December 07, 2024,
Accepted Date:
December 12, 2024,
Published Date:
December 17, 2024
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ijmef/Volume04Issue12-07
Kazakov Ruhulla Turopovich
Uzbekistan state university of physical education and sport, Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ijmef
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 04 Issue 12-2024
64
International Journal Of Management And Economics Fundamental
(ISSN
–
2771-2257)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
12
P
AGES
:
63-71
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
competition phase, and transition phase, taking into
account
their
physical
development, physical
readiness, technical-tactical condition, psychological
and
functional
preparation
levels,
and
the
identification
and
analysis
of
biomechanical
parameters. Leading scientists have studied and
conducted research on how to distribute these loads
effectively. However, the increasing sports results year
by year demand the improvement of annual training
sessions, which is no secret to anyone. Yet, the overall
volume of tools and methods applied in annual
training, their intensity, the identification and analysis
of biomechanical parameters, and the emergence of
new
athletes
in
world
championships,
cup
competitions, and the Olympic Games highlight the
necessity of improving the technique of short-distance
runners based on biomechanical analysis.
The identification, analysis, and development of
biomechanical parameters in high-qualified and skilled
athletes, as well as new practitioners, in short-distance
running competitions have been determined. It was
revealed through research that athletes with div
structures specific to short-distance running have a
greater potential to achieve good results. This is
because they typically have broad shoulders, long legs,
and well-developed muscles, which provide an
advantage for achieving higher performance in the
sport.
1- table
.
Determining, analyzing and developing biomechanical parameters in running competitions ,
n=28
Determining, analyzing and developing indicators of biomechanical parameters of highly qualified athletes
in short-distance running competitions
№
Name
and
surname
2008
2009
2010 2011
2012
2013
Distance
Max
Speed
Group,
seat,
corridor
Number
of steps
1
Usain
Bolt
9,63
10,01
9,58
10,05
9,88
10,01
55,27
6-1-4
40
2
Michael
Frater
9,97
10,22
9,90
10,26
9,96
10,23
50,61
7-1-5
46
Volume 04 Issue 12-2024
65
International Journal Of Management And Economics Fundamental
(ISSN
–
2771-2257)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
12
P
AGES
:
63-71
OCLC
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1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
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3
Nestor
Carter
9,92
10,23
9,97
10,26
9,97
10,24
54,55
5-1-3
47
4
Johan
Bleilk
9,92
10,20
9,91
10,21
9,92
10,21
54,99
4-1-6
47
Determining, analyzing and developing indicators of biomechanical parameters of skilled athletes in short-
distance running competitions
№
Name
and
surname
2010 2020 2021
2022
2023
2024
Distance
Max
Speed
Group,
seat,
corridor
Number
of steps
1
T.U..R
11,0
6
11,04
10,59
10,57
10,55
10,46
48,47
2-1-4
63
2
M.S.S
12,1
7
12,07
12,03
12,01
11,59
11,57
47,66
4-1-5
45
3
R.I.R
12,3
8
12,41
12,48
12,68
12,71
12,88
44,35
5-1-3
66
4
A.S.U
11,5
2
11,55
11,52
11,42
11,37
11,32
47,23
3-1-6
64
Determining and analyzing biomechanical parameters of novice athletes in short-distance running
competitions, and determining indicators for developing their results
№
Name
and
surname
2010 2020 2021
2022
2023
2024
Distance
MaxSpeed
Group,
seat,
corridor
Number
of steps
1
S.M.I
13,0
3
12,57
12,54
12,42
12,34
12,32
43,31
3-1-4
45
2
A.G.I.
13,0
4
13,01
12,59
12,54
12,49
12,46
42,51
1-1-5
52
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3
Q.R.A.
13,0
8
12,59
12,51
12,49
12,41
12,39
42,25
2-1-3
54
4
N.S.I
13,0
8
13,02
12,97
12,91
12,89
12,88
41,37
4-1-6
45
Note:
Table 4 shows the biomechanical parameters of highly skilled and skilled athletes and novices in short-
distance running competitions.
The main statistical characteristics of the results
recorded at the time of force generation at the end of
the experiment to determine, analyze and develop
the results of biomechanical parameters of highly
skilled and qualified athletes and novices in short-
distance running competitions: distance, maximum
speed, number of steps when we compared, it was
found that these results were good. Based on the
above results, we developed this set of biomechanical
exercises and presented them in the following
sequence in Figure 1.
A set of exercises for restoring biomechanical parameters in running competitions for
highly skilled and experienced athletes as well as beginners.
Biomechanical
requirements
Conclusions for training practice
Exercise standards
Increasing leg strength involves maximizing the use
of power through full leg extension. The exercise
continues by alternating the legs.
Optimal use of forces
during the push-off
phase foydalanish
4-6 times
Increasing push-
off strength
In the relevant running phase, a proper push-off
in the correct direction is performed. The
exercise continues by alternating the legs and
4-6 times
Starting from the
signal.
Athletes practice quickly transitioning from the
starting position in response to a coach’s
signal (e.g., a
whistle or sound).
6-8 times
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Figure 1. A set of exercises for restoring the biomechanical parameters of highly qualified and skilled athletes and
novices is shown.
This exercise helps to strengthen the tension position.
When we compared the main statistical characteristics
of determining the biomechanical parameters of highly
skilled and qualified athletes and beginners in short-
distance running competitions, it was found that these
results were improved. To restore the biomechanical
parameters to the research group. 12 of the 14 short-
distance runners were ready for the next training
session when the training complex was taken. It can be
determined from this that it is possible to know that leg
movements are performed at the right angle during
the determination, analysis and development of
biomechanical parameters. We have developed a set of
exercises to restore biomechanical parameters in order
to improve the results of short-distance runners in the
training phase. According to him, it is aimed at
increasing the results of short-distance runner athletes
in short-distance running competitions.
Application of repeated variable rest interval methods
in training of short distance runners from control and
experimental groups designed to master the lower
starting position and correct starting running
technique at the end of the experiment. we studied the
comparison of the main statistical characteristics of the
indicators of improving the technique of starting and
running from the start.
Reflex and
response
exercises.
6-8 times
Reflex exercises to improve reaction speed, such as
throwing and catching the ball as quickly as possible,
are performed. Alternate between legs and arms as
you continue the exercise.
Plank exercise.
Plank twists.
Front plank and side plank exercises help stabilize the
athlete’s core. Alternate between legs and arms as
you continue the exercise.
This exercise helps develop leg muscles and core
strength. Alternate between legs and arms as you
continue the exercise.
4-6 marta
4-6 marta
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2- table
.
Comparing the statistical characteristics of the lower start position and the sprinting
performance after the start among short-distance runners during the experiment.
N
Control group
Experimental group
t
P
х
s
V, %
х
S
V, %
1
12,55
1,33
12,12
11,78
1,33
12,12
1,99
>0.05
2
24,39
2,83
13,12
23,00
2,83
13,12
2,96
<0.01
3
49,01
0,12
14,13
46,08
0,12
14,13
2,14
<0.05
4
2,24
0,23
13,16
2,11
0,08
13,16
2,31
<0.05
5
44,87
0,08
12,13
53,16
7,01
12,13
2,22
<0.05
6
3,87
0,80
14,12
5,22
0,34
14,12
2,23
<0.05
7
239,8
1,63
13,01
239,07
1,63
13,11
2,07
<0.05
Note:
short-distance runners t end at lower start position and start sh dynamics.
The physical loads given in our training sessions are the
low start position recommended for short distance
runners and the repetitive variable rest interval training
methods, which are designed to master the proper
starting and starting technique. In order to determine
the indicators of improvement of starting and starting
running techniques, a common method of evaluating
physical fitness was used. When we compared the
main statistical characteristics of the results recorded
at the time of force generation at the end of the
experiment according to the comparative analysis of
the biomechanical parameters of students belonging
to the control and experimental groups, the criterion
of t.student for 100 meters was 1.99, p>0.05. . When
comparing the main statistical characteristics of the
results recorded in 200 meters, the t.student criterion
was 2.96, p<0.01, and when comparing the main
statistical characteristics of the results recorded in the
400 meters, the t.student criterion was 2.14, p<0.05
formed the level of probability, when we compared the
main statistical characteristics of the results of the start
(10 meters) t student's criterion 2.31, p<0.005 was the
level of probability, when we compared the main
statistical characteristics of the recorded results of
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step speed, height/s during 100 m, the t student
criterion was 2.22, p<0.05, the level of probability was
2.22, p<0.05. When we compare the main statistical
characteristics of the results of the maximum
acceleration distance, the absolute percentage is 0.06,
the relative percentage is 1.41. t student's criterion was
6.4, p>0.001 probability level, when comparing the
main statistical characteristics of the results recorded
in step length, absolute percentage is 0.06, relative
percentage is 1.41. t student's criterion was 2.2,
p>0.005. Comparing the main statistical characteristics
of the recorded results of running cadence/min, t
student's criterion was 2.23, p<0.05. In the
experimental and control groups, at the beginning of
the study and finally, we used the following control
tests to determine the dynamics of changes in the
statistical characteristics of physical fitness indicators.
2- fig. Experiment and n torture group dynamics of changes in statistical characteristics
of physical fitness indicators at the beginning and end of the study (n=28 ).
This table lists the recommended lower starting
position for sprinters and the number of repetitions in
sprints designed to help them learn proper starting
technique. At the end of the study, the experimental
group developed by us showed a positive change in the
dynamics of the statistical characteristics of the
indicators performed in the small sections designed to
master the lower start position and the correct exit
technique of running from the start. The above is based
on the results of pedagogical observation. taking into
account the technical preparation of short-distance
runners, we have developed a method that develops
the muscles of the arms, shoulders, back, abdomen
and ankle joints for them. we went out:
-
development of tendon reflexes through high-
amplitude hip, knee, and calf flexion exercises
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-
jumping up from a standing position with a pair
of legs and landing on the ground resting on the hands
and performing repeated high-amplitude jumps
without lifting the heel. This exercise should be
performed 10 times at high intensity. Rest interval - 1-2
minutes.
-
t hit from one leg up jump and to the
ground leaning on hands without landing and
alternating legs repeated with a large amplitude
up performing jumps intensity . This exercise
should be performed 10 times at high intensity .
Rest Interval
–
1-2 minutes.
- jumping up from a standing position with a pair of legs
and landing on the ground with hands. After this
movement, repeat the exercise 4 times on each leg,
dynamically bending the left leg and changing it to the
right leg by throwing the pair of legs back and
repeating the jump from a sitting position back to the
initial position. This exercise should be performed 10
times at high intensity. Rest interval - 1-2 minutes.
Continuity position - the athlete assumes a running
position, jumps up for 10 seconds, changes the position
of arms and legs in the air, and returns the legs and
arms to the original position during landing.
CONCLUSIONS
Studying differences in running technique: The
differences in running technique between highly
skilled athletes, skilled athletes, and novice runners
were examined in short-distance running competitions
by
identifying,
analyzing,
and
tracking
the
development of biomechanical parameters. Changes in
technique were observed across highly skilled, skilled,
and novice athletes.
To develop speed capabilities, running on sloping hills
(slope angle-2-4°) was used under reduced conditions.
In this case, the best results can be achieved if running
on a slope is alternated with horizontal running and
running up a hill (mountain). Training in the
preparatory period should include special preparatory
exercises of various jumps and sprints. Performing
these exercises in parts, the time it takes to perform
them almost continuously should be gradually reduced
to 20-25 minutes by the end of the training period.
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VOLUME
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AGES
:
63-71
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–
1121105677
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