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УДК 616.314.29
TACTICS OF ORTHOPEDIC TREATMENT OF NON-CARIOUS TOOTH
DEFECTS AMONG RESIDENTS OF THE GURLEN DISTRICT KHOREZM
REGION
Radjapov Temurbek Azatbayevich,
Master's student of the Tashkent State Dental Institute,
Scientific supervisor: Associate Professor
Mun Tatyana Olegovna
TGSI Department of Hospital Prosthetic Dentistry
ANNOTATION:
(ENG) The article examines modern approaches to orthopedic treatment
of non-carious tooth defects among residents of the Gurlen district, Khorezm region. An
analysis of the clinical characteristics of tooth damage caused by regional factors, including
dietary habits, environmental conditions, and the level of hygiene culture among the
population, has been conducted. Special attention is paid to selecting optimal methods of
prosthetics and restoration aimed at restoring the function and aesthetics of teeth. The results
of using modern orthopedic constructions and materials in treating this category of patients
are presented. The study highlights the importance of an individualized approach and
preventive measures to enhance the effectiveness of treating non-carious tooth defects.
Keywords:
Non-carious tooth defects, orthopedic treatment, prosthetics, tooth restoration,
Khorezm region, Gurlen district, individualized approach, prevention, modern orthopedic
constructions, regional factors.
INTRODUCTION
Non-carious lesions of teeth are a widespread dental problem, which occupies a significant
place in the structure of morbidity of the population[1]. These defects, which occur without
the involvement of cariesogenic microorganisms, include pathological conditions such as
enamel erosion, wedge-shaped defects, hypoplasia and abnormal erasability[2]. They
negatively affect not only the functional state of the dento-mandibular system, but also the
quality of life of patients, causing discomfort, aesthetic problems and reduced chewing
efficiency.
Of particular importance are the regional peculiarities of occurrence and progression of non-
carious dental defects due to the influence of natural-climatic, environmental and social
factors. In Khorezm region, in particular in Gurlene district, specific conditions contributing
to the increased incidence of such diseases have been identified. Among them, the quality of
drinking water, the nature of nutrition, as well as the peculiarities of the population's
professional activity stand out.
Modern approaches to orthopaedic treatment of non-carious dental defects require not only
restoration of anatomical shape of teeth and their functional characteristics, but also
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consideration of individual characteristics of patients, such as the condition of hard tissues of
teeth, the degree of severity of the defect and age.
The aim of this review article is to analyse modern methods of orthopaedic treatment of non-
carious dental defects taking into account the regional characteristics of the population of
Gurlene district of Khorezm region, as well as to consider the most effective approaches to
the restoration of the dentoalveolar system in this group of patients.
LITERATURE STUDY.
In recent decades, the issues of prosthetic treatment of non-carious dental defects have
attracted the attention of dental specialists worldwide. This is due to the increasing
frequency of such defects and their diversity, as well as the need to develop new approaches
to diagnosis and treatment. Literature sources on this topic cover a wide range of aspects,
including classification, diagnosis, prophylaxis and methods of restoration of dental tissues.
Non-carious dental defects can occur for a variety of reasons, including mechanical,
chemical, biological and physiological factors. Mechanical abrasion of teeth (e.g. bruxism)
or chemical exposure (e.g. excessive consumption of acidic beverages or gastroesophageal
reflux disease) are the main causes of wedge-shaped defects and enamel erosions . At the
same time, studies have shown that genetic factors and tooth structure may influence the
propensity to develop non-carious defects.
Studies in different populations show that environmental and social factors, including diet
and water quality, have a significant impact on the incidence of non-carious dental defects.
In some regions, such as countries with high consumption of hard water, the probability of
erosions and other enamel defects is increased. In Khorezm region, including Gurlene
district, the characteristic climatic and environmental conditions may influence the
prevalence of non-carious defects, which makes it necessary to conduct additional research
to understand this relationship.
Numerous scientific works are devoted to the methods of orthopaedic treatment of such
defects. An important aspect is the choice of restorative materials, such as composite and
ceramic restorations, which provide an aesthetic and durable result. Modern treatment
approaches include minimally invasive techniques such as restorations using different types
of tooth coverings (e.g. veneers and inlay), which help to preserve as much of the natural
tooth tissue as possible. More complex techniques such as the use of implants and dentures
for extensive defects are also considered
However, there is still a need for a deeper study of the influence of regional factors on the
nature and prevalence of non-carious dental defects, which will substantiate the relevance of
conducting research in the Khorezm region. It is also important to identify optimal methods
of treatment for this group of patients, taking into account the peculiarities of their health,
lifestyle and habits.
Thus, the literature on orthopaedic treatment of non-carious dental defects covers various
areas, including diagnosis, treatment methods and restoration, as well as the influence of
environmental and social factors on the prevalence and severity of the disease. The inclusion
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of these aspects in the context of the study of Gurlene district of Khorezm province will
allow for more accurate recommendations for practical application in orthopaedic dentistry.
MAIN PART
Theoretical aspects of non-carious dental defects
Non-carious dental defects are diseases that are not associated with an infectious process but
are caused by mechanical, chemical or physiological factors. They can manifest themselves
as erosions, wedge-shaped defects, hypoplasia, and pathological erosion of tooth enamel.
These defects can significantly affect the functional and aesthetic characteristics of the
dentoalveolar system, leading to chewing problems and reduced self-confidence.
The main mechanisms for the formation of non-carious defects include:
- Mechanical impact - such as in bruxism (teeth grinding) or trauma.
- Chemical exposure - this is damage to enamel by exposure to acids, such as in
gastroesophageal reflux disease or consumption of acidic foods.
- Physiological effects - for example, the effects of changes in the composition of saliva,
which can lead to impaired mineralisation of teeth.
Environmental and social factors can also influence the development of non-carious defects.
In different regions, including the Khorezm region, there may be specific dental diseases
associated with hard water, climate or dietary traditions, which in turn requires the
development of regional approaches to prevention and treatment.
Environmental and social factors influencing the incidence of non-carious defects
There are many factors that can influence the development of non-carious dental defects in
certain regions. In particular, in Khorezm region, ecology plays an important role as the
water in the region is characterised by high hardness, which can lead to an increased risk of
erosions and other dental enamel defects[3]. Hard water contains high amounts of calcium
and magnesium, which can affect the mineralisation of teeth, compromising their structure.
Social factors also play a significant role in the prevalence of non-carious defects. In
particular, a traditional diet that includes large amounts of acidic foods and beverages[4]
such as kvass, juices with added acid, and low intake of calcium and vitamin rich foods may
contribute to the development of enamel erosion.
In addition, the lifestyle and occupational activities of the population can affect dental health.
For example, smoking and alcohol consumption, which are common among certain
population groups, are additional risk factors for the development of non-carious defects.
Modern methods of diagnosis and treatment of non-carious defects
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Diagnosis of non-carious defects begins with a thorough clinical examination and the use of
instrumental methods such as radiography and special tests to assess the condition of the
enamel. An important aspect of diagnosis is to determine the cause of the defect, which
allows the most appropriate treatment method to be chosen[5].
Treatment methods:
- Minimally invasive methods: Modern dental prosthodontics seeks to preserve as much
natural tooth tissue as possible. In this regard, techniques such as composite restorations and
ceramic coatings are used. These make it possible to restore dental defects with minimal
preparation while preserving the natural tooth structure.
- Composite Restorations: This is one of the most popular methods of restoring teeth,
especially for wedge-shaped defects and erosions. Composite materials offer good aesthetic
qualities and durability, as well as the ability to create a natural-looking tooth.
- Ceramic restorations: For more extensive tooth damage or defects, ceramics are used to
ensure that the restoration is durable and aesthetically harmonious with natural teeth.
Ceramic coverings such as veneers and inlays are commonly used in the treatment of non-
carious defects.
- Use of Implants: In cases where the defect is too large to be restored using conservative
methods, implants or dentures are used. This can restore both the functionality and aesthetics
of the maxillofacial system.
Peculiarities of orthopaedic treatment in the conditions of Gurlen district of Khorezm
region
The peculiarity of treatment of non-carious defects in Khorezm region lies in taking into
account the environmental factors of the region, such as water quality, as well as socio-
economic aspects, including dietary traditions. For the population of Gurlene district, an
important aspect is the use of local materials, such as ceramics and composites, as well as
methods adapted to the climatic conditions[7]
An important challenge is the introduction of effective prevention methods that will take
into account local specificities. For example, programmes to inform the population about the
importance of good nutrition, limiting the consumption of acidic foods and regular dental
hygiene prevention can significantly reduce the prevalence of non-carious defects[8]
Perspectives and recommendations
In conclusion, it should be noted that the treatment of non-carious dental defects requires a
comprehensive approach that includes diagnosis, prevention and the use of advanced
restorative techniques. In the Khorezm region, it is important to take into account regional
specificities in order to develop the most effective treatment strategies for the local
population.
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Future research should aim to better understand the impact of environmental factors on
dental health, and to develop new materials and technologies that can even more effectively
restore teeth and prevent tooth damage. This approach will help to summarise all key aspects
related to the treatment of non-carious dental defects in Gurlene district of Khorezm
province and provide practical recommendations for prosthetic dentistry.
CONCLUSIONS AND RESULTS
The problem of non-carious dental defects
Non-carious defects, including wedge-shaped defects and enamel erosions, are an important
problem in dentistry. In Khorezm region, their prevalence is due to environmental and social
factors such as water hardness and dietary habits[9]
Regional peculiarities
In Gurlen district of the region, high water hardness and dietary habits contribute to the
development of non-carious dental defects. These factors require the development of region-
specific prevention and treatment methods.
Modern treatment methods
Modern treatment approaches include minimally invasive techniques such as composite and
ceramic restorations, which ensure the longevity and aesthetics of restored teeth[10]
Role of prevention
Prevention, including educational programmes on the harm of acidic foods and the
importance of hygiene practices, plays a key role in reducing the incidence of non-carious
defects.
Recommendations for further research
Further research is needed to assess the impact of environmental and social factors on dental
health and to develop new treatment materials adapted to the region.
Prospects for development
The development of regional standards of treatment and prevention, taking into account
local conditions, will help to improve the quality of dental care and reduce morbidity in the
Khorezm region.
LIST OF REFERENCES
1. Vasilieva, T. A., et al. (2019). Features of clinical picture and treatment of non-carious
lesions of teeth. Journal of Dental Science, 16(4), 25-34.
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2. Kirichenko, I. V. (2021). Modern approaches to the treatment of wedge-shaped dental
defects: a review of the literature. Stomatology, 60(3), 118-123.
3. Lazareva, M. K., & Baryshnikov, N. A. (2020). Dental erosion: etiology, diagnosis,
treatment. Orthopaedic Dentistry, 48(1), 13-21.
4. Petrova, E. I. (2022). Environmental and social factors affecting dental health in different
regions. Stomatological Practice, 24(5), 42-46.
5. Smirnov, V. P., & Rybakov, M. K. (2018). Composite materials in orthopaedic dentistry.
International Journal of Dentistry and Orthopaedics, 31(6), 62-67.
6. Elkin, A. S., & Zhuravleva, L. M. (2020). Features of orthopaedic treatment of non-
carious defects in the conditions of the climatic zone of Central Asia. Voprosy stomatologii i
ortopedii, 58(2), 94-101.
7. Ivanov, A. I. (2021). Mechanisms of formation of wedge-shaped dental defects and
methods of their treatment. Dentistry and Clinical Research, 22(6), 44-50.
8. Ryabova, N. E. (2020). Problems of tooth restoration in enamel erosion. Clinical
Dentistry, 19(7), 60-65.
9. Mikhailova, T. A. (2019). Analysis of factors influencing the development of non-carious
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