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THE EFFECT OF CHEMOTHERAPY ON THE SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM OF
THE CERVIX
Boratova Moxidilkhon Abdumajid qizi
Fergana Medical Institute of Public Health, Assistant Professor, Department of Histology
and Biology.
Abstract.
The squamous epithelium of the cervix (cervix) is one of the most common tumor
localizations in women. The development of these tumor processes is often associated with
the Human Papillomavirus (HPV), which is one of the main causes of cervical cancer and its
primary lesions. In modern medicine, surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy are used to
treat this disease. This article analyzes the effect of chemotherapy on the squamous
epithelium of the cervix and its clinical effectiveness. Cervical cancer is the second or third
most common type of cancer among women worldwide, with approximately 0.5 million
cases recorded annually. In 1980, the number of cervical cancer cases was estimated at 378
thousand, but in recent years this figure has reached 500 thousand per year.
Keywords:
Cervix, human papillomavirus, cervical cancer, radiation therapy, chemotherapy,
squamous epithelium, clinical efficacy, tumor, surgery, radiotherapy.
Materials and Methods
This study included 50 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix. Their ages
ranged from 30 to 60 years, and all had stage II or III disease. Patients were treated with
neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NC) based on cisplatin and paclitaxel. The following parameters
were studied during the study:
• The effect of chemotherapy on cellular structures (by histological examination).
• Clinical efficacy indicators (indicators of remission or progression).
• Frequency and severity of side effects.
Results
Histological effect of chemotherapy
After chemotherapy, significant apoptotic changes in tumor cells were noted in 65% of
patients. This indicates the effectiveness of the treatment in inhibiting the proliferation of
tumor tissue. In 20% of patients, a decrease in tumor size of up to 50% was observed.
Located in the lower part of the cervix, we studied it by dividing it into two parts: the
ectocervix and the endocervix. In the ectocervix, the submucosal glands were normally
visible. Stratified non-keratinizing squamous epithelium with basal cells in it: the deepest
layer; dense nuclear chromatin, uniform oval nuclei oriented perpendicular to the basement
membrane, and scant cytoplasm. Parabasal cells: located above the basal cell layer; slightly
more cytoplasm than basal cells; several cell layers thick, intermediate cells: pink or
transparent due to glycogen accumulation, and cells containing a lot of cytoplasm were
identified in such cells. Surface cells: small, round nuclei; abundant pink or transparent
cytoplasm; The cells were flattened and oriented parallel to the basement membrane. In
response to hormones, the superficial cells predominated in the early cycle due to estrogen,
and the intermediate cells predominated in the late cycle due to progestins. Loss (atrophy) of
the intermediate and superficial cells occurred in the postmenopausal period, during which
rare melanocytes, Langerhans cells, and endocrine cells were identified.
1. Clinical efficacy
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According to the results of the study, clinical improvement was observed in 80% of patients,
of which 30% achieved complete remission. However, disease progression continued in
10% of patients. This is mainly explained by resistance to chemotherapy.
2. Side effects
The following side effects were observed in 70% of patients against the background of
chemotherapy:
o Changes in the hematopoietic system (leukopenia, thrombocytopenia).
o Digestive system disorders (nausea, vomiting).
o Decreased immune system (moderate infections).
Discussion
Chemotherapy, especially cisplatin and paclitaxel-based treatments, have shown high
efficacy in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix. However, an individualized
approach is required, as chemotherapy negatively affects not only tumor cells, but also
healthy tissues.
Future prospects: Identification of chemotherapy-sensitive patients through genetic analysis
and molecular marker studies may improve treatment outcomes.
Conclusion
Detection and early diagnosis of pathological changes in the squamous epithelium of the
cervix. Early detection of morphological and functional changes in the squamous epithelium
of the cervix after chemotherapy and radiation therapy will help to improve diagnostic
methods. This, in turn, will allow to prevent dangerous conditions that may develop during
or after therapy.
The results of the study, when applied in the practice of doctors, will serve to increase the
effectiveness of treatment and improve the quality of life of patients. Also, these
scientifically based approaches create broad opportunities for the development of the
healthcare system and the introduction of innovations.
Although chemotherapy is an effective treatment for squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix,
further research is needed to minimize its side effects and optimize treatment strategies. An
individualized and integrated approach, as well as the introduction of new drugs, will allow
for more effective treatment of this disease.
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https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijms/article/view/2014
