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STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT OF TERMS IN THE FIELD OF PRIMARY
PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY OF NATURAL FIBERS (COTTON)
Xusaynova Munisaxon Yaxshibekovna
Namangan Institute of Engineering and Technology
doctoral student
email: xusaynovamunisa@gmail.com
Abstract:
This article includes the emergence of the initial processing of natural cotton fiber,
its development stages. At the same time, the factors that led to the improvement and
enrichment of the terminology of this field are highlighted. In the article, the terms of the
field of technology of preliminary processing of natural fibers (cotton) are cross-analyzed in
English and Uzbek, their similarities and differences are identified.
Key words:
terminology, term, hand ginning machine, hopper, wire hooks, stationary pile,
cylinder, vacuum box, fan, lint, distributor, valve, bed knitting machine, biorepository,
straight bladed wheel.
Writing about the field of terminology, V.M. Leychik: "The term functions as a specific
language unit, it allows to define a special field of human knowledge, to correctly define the
general concepts specific to this field and relevant within the framework of a certain theory.
gives," he says
. It can be seen that the terminology of the field of primary processing
technology of natural fibers (cotton) also serves to reveal the knowledge related to this field, to
correctly express concepts and lexical units.
Academician V.V. Vinogradov comments as follows: "There are two points of view in the
creation and definition of the term: "structural-linguistic" and "spiritual-semantic" conditioned
by the development of this or that science, this or that production, this or that craft concept
system ", in terms of history, cultural and historical traditions, these two sides are mutually
dependent."
Of course, the terms related to the field of primary processing technology of
natural fibers (cotton) selected for our research contribute to the development of the system of
production concepts in this field, and we approach these terms linguistically and semantically,
taking into account our cultural and historical customs and traditions.
Cotton natural fiber is considered one of the oldest natural fibers, its history goes back several
thousand years. Cotton first grew in nature as a wild plant, but later people domesticated it and
planted it themselves, obtained fibers from it, and began to use the fibers to make various
clothes and household items.
1
Лейчик В.М. Шеллов С. Д. Лингвистические проблемы терминологии и научно-технический перевод.
Ч.II. Выпуск 18-й. – М., 1990. – 80 с.
2
Виноградов В. В. Грамматика русского языка. – М.: Высшая школа, 1972. – 237 p.
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Picking the cotton crop, separating it from the seed and turning it into fiber was done by hand
at first. First of all, the cotton seed was separated by hand, then the first manual mechanism,
hand ginning machine was discovered. The British also used a machine called a gin machine,
similar in appearance to “chigirik” (hand ginning machine) used by the Uzbek people. There is
no clear information in either English or Uzbek about when and who invented the first hand
ginning machine. (See Figure 1)
Figure 1
In 1973, Eli Whitney, an American, invented the Cotton Gin machine, which separates cotton
from the seed. This cotton ginning machine consists of four parts, and in addition to making a
great contribution to the development of the industry by increasing work productivity, it also
contributed to the enrichment of the terminology of this industry with new terms such as
hopper, wire hooks, stationary pile, cylinder, channels. (See Figure 2)
Figure 2
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Later, the machines were improved, and the mechanized gin machine entered the field. This
machine is different from the previous manual machines, it was powered by electricity and it
made people comfortable. Through this, the lexical level of field terminology was enriched
with terms such as belt, vacuum box, fan, lint, distributor, valve, flue. (See Figure 3)
Figure 3
Although the terminology has been developing since the beginning of the twentieth century, the
age of technology began. It made a big turn in the field of linguistics, including terminology,
along with all sections of society. Along with all directions, techniques have continuously
entered the field of primary processing technology of natural fibers (cotton). Along with this
field, the terminology of the field has also experienced an unprecedented development. (See
Figure 4)
Figure 4
Techniques include the electro-optical method, the High Volume Instrument, ultra-modern
biomaterials, single bed knitting machine, double introduced new terms such as bed knitting
machine, biorepository, straight bladed wheel. In this way, the terminology continued to
evolve and continues to this day.
The book "Devonu Lug'ati-t-Turk" (Dictionary of Turkish Words) by Mahmud Kashghari,
which is considered the first complete dictionary of Turkish languages, contains the words
of our Turkish language and their explanations. In this dictionary, we can find more than
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forty terms related to natural fibers, especially cotton natural fiber, and the field of their
processing
. As an example,
kepäzlik (
cotton field, place where cotton is planted),
çigit
(cotton seed)
pamuq
(soft cotton or lint),
yиŋ
(cotton fiber),
pistik (
a piece of cotton
separated for spinning) and many others. It shows that natural fiber of cotton has been used
by Turkic people since ancient times.
In conclusion, as the field of primary processing technology of natural fibers (cotton)
continues to develop, its terminology is also enriched and improved. Especially under the
influence of the age of technology, new terms are entering the field. This, of course, affects
the development of this field, as well as lexicology, which is considered an important link of
linguistics, and at the same time affects terminology.
References
1.
Лейчик В.М. Шеллов С. Д. Лингвистические проблемы терминологии и
научно-технический перевод. Ч.II. Выпуск 18-й. – М., 1990. – 80 с.
2.
Виноградов В. В. Грамматика русского языка. – М.: Высшая школа, 1972. – 237
p.
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Ғулом номидаги нашриёт-матбаа ижодий уйи, 2017. – 487p.
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3
М.Қошғарий. Девону луғати-т-турк (Туркий сўзлар девони). – Тошкент: Ғафур Ғулом номидаги
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