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UROGENITAL INFECTIONS IN PREGNANT WOMEN: MODERN ASPECTS OF
DIAGNOSIS AND PREVENTION
Najmiddinova Dilafruz Farhodjon kizi
Andijan State Medical Institute
Master’s student
Negmatshaeva A.R.
, PhD, Assistant Lecturer, Department No. 2 of Obstetrics and
Gynecology
Email: gulomovadilafruz23@gmail.com
ORCID: 0009-0002-2307-1437
Abstract:
During gestation, a woman’s div undergoes physiological changes that may
trigger or exacerbate urogenital infections. These conditions pose a threat to both mother and
fetus, increasing the risk of preterm labor, chorioamnionitis, intrauterine infection, and
neonatal complications. This article presents current data on the prevalence of urogenital
infections in pregnant women, their impact on pregnancy, and modern approaches to
diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. Particular attention is paid to the importance of early
screening and multidisciplinary supervision.
Keywords:
urogenital infections, pregnancy, STIs, vaginal microbiota, screening, preterm
birth.
Introduction
Pregnancy is a complex physiological process accompanied by numerous changes in the
immune, endocrine, and genitourinary systems. One of the common and potentially
dangerous conditions during this period is urogenital infections (UGIs), which include both
urinary tract infections and sexually transmitted infections (STIs). According to the World
Health Organization (2023), up to 15% of pregnant women suffer from STIs, making this
issue relevant not only for clinicians but also for public health systems.
Etiological Structure and Risk Factors
The most common pathogens of UGIs during pregnancy include:
Chlamydia trachomatis
Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma urealyticum
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Trichomonas vaginalis
Opportunistic pathogens: Gardnerella vaginalis, Candida albicans, Escherichia coli
Risk factors include frequent changes of sexual partners, poor intimate hygiene, local
immune suppression, and chronic pelvic inflammatory disease.
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Clinical Significance
Many urogenital infections are asymptomatic, which complicates early diagnosis and
increases the risk of serious complications:
Premature rupture of membranes
Chorioamnionitis
Preterm birth
Intrauterine fetal infection
Postpartum infectious complications (endometritis, sepsis)
Particular concern arises when infections are detected in the second or third trimester, as
they are associated with high perinatal mortality.
Diagnosis
Modern diagnostics of UGIs require a comprehensive approach:
General clinical examination and anamnesis
Gram-stained vaginal smear microscopy
Bacteriological examination of urine and swabs
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) – the most sensitive method for pathogen detection
Serological testing – if TORCH infections are suspected
Early detection of asymptomatic forms is a key element in preventing pregnancy
complications.
Treatment
Treatment of UGIs during pregnancy must strictly adhere to safety principles for the fetus.
Main therapeutic strategies include:
Use of antibiotics permitted during pregnancy (penicillins, cephalosporins,
macrolides)
Avoidance of nephrotoxic and teratogenic drugs
Comprehensive correction of vaginal microbiota
Simultaneous treatment of the sexual partner when STIs are identified
Treatment should be individualized and supervised by an obstetrician-gynecologist.
Prevention
Prevention of UGIs in pregnant women includes:
STI screening in the first trimester
Personal and intimate hygiene practices
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Counseling on safe sexual behavior
Sanitation of chronic infection foci before conception
Increasing health literacy among women of reproductive age
International experience shows that implementation of prenatal screening and STI treatment
programs reduces preterm birth rates by 25–30%.
Conclusion
Urogenital infections during pregnancy remain a serious clinical issue that requires a
comprehensive approach. Timely diagnosis, effective treatment, and preventive measures
can significantly improve outcomes for both mother and fetus. Modern medicine provides
all necessary tools to reduce infectious complications, but regular follow-up and the active
involvement of the patient in maintaining reproductive health remain key.
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