Vo
lu
m
e
5,
M
ar
ch
,2
02
5
,
M
ED
IC
AL
SC
IE
N
CE
S.
IM
PA
CT
FA
CT
OR
:7
,8
9
ANEMIA
Eshonkulova Sitora Sadilloevna
Student of Samarkand State Medical University. Uzbekistan
Uzakova Oyjamol Narzullaeva
Samarkand State Medical University. Uzbekistan
Abstract:
This article examines issues related to anemia, a disease characterized by a
decrease in the level of hemoglobin and red blood cells in the blood. The main causes,
symptoms, diagnostic methods and modern approaches to the treatment of anemia are
described. Particular attention is paid to preventive measures and the importance of a
balanced diet to prevent this disease.
Key words:
anemia, hemoglobin, red blood cells, diagnostics, treatment, nutrition,
prevention.
Anemia is a condition characterized by a low number of red blood cells or a low
concentration of hemoglobin in them. It mainly affects women and children.
Anemia occurs when the div does not have enough hemoglobin to carry oxygen to the
organs and tissues.
In severe cases, anemia can cause poor cognitive and motor development in children. It can
also cause problems in pregnant women and their children.
Anemia can be caused by poor nutrition, infections, chronic diseases, heavy menstrual
periods, problems during pregnancy, and family history.
Symptoms
Anemia causes symptoms such as fatigue, decreased physical performance, and shortness of
breath. Anemia is an indicator of poor nutrition and other health problems.
General and non-specific symptoms of anemia include the following:
Vo
lu
m
e
5,
M
ar
ch
,2
02
5
,
M
ED
IC
AL
SC
IE
N
CE
S.
IM
PA
CT
FA
CT
OR
:7
,8
9
• fatigue,
• dizziness or feeling faint,
• cold hands and feet,
• headache,
• shortness of breath, especially with exertion.
Severe anemia can cause more serious symptoms, including the following:
• pale mucous membranes (in the mouth, nose, etc.),
• pale skin, including under the nails,
• rapid breathing and pulse,
• dizziness when standing up,
• easy bruising from minor causes.
Causes
Anemia is diagnosed based on the concentration of hemoglobin in the blood below certain
thresholds established based on age, sex, and physiological status. Iron deficiency, primarily
due to inadequate iron intake in the diet, is considered the most common nutritional
deficiency leading to anemia. Deficiencies of vitamin A, folate, vitamin B12, and riboflavin
can also lead to anemia due to their specific roles in hemoglobin synthesis and/or red blood
cell production. Additional mechanisms include nutrient losses (e.g., blood loss due to
parasitic infections, hemorrhage associated with childbirth, or menstrual losses),
malabsorption, low iron stores at birth, and nutrient interactions affecting iron bioavailability.
Treatment and Prevention
Vo
lu
m
e
5,
M
ar
ch
,2
02
5
,
M
ED
IC
AL
SC
IE
N
CE
S.
IM
PA
CT
FA
CT
OR
:7
,8
9
Treatment and prevention of anemia depend on the underlying cause of the condition. There
are a number of effective treatments and prevention options for anemia. Dietary changes
may help reduce anemia in some cases, including:
• Eating foods rich in iron, folate, vitamin B12, vitamin A, and other nutrients;
• Eating a healthy diet with a variety of foods;
• Taking supplements when recommended by a qualified health care professional.
Anaemia can be caused by other conditions. Actions include:
• preventing and treating malaria
• preventing and treating schistosomiasis and other infections caused by soil-transmitted
helminths (parasitic worms)
• getting vaccinated and practicing good hygiene to prevent infections
• treating chronic conditions such as obesity and digestive problems
• spacing pregnancies by at least 24 months and using contraception to prevent unwanted
pregnancies
• preventing and treating heavy menstrual bleeding and bleeding before or after childbirth
• delaying clamping of the umbilical cord after childbirth (not earlier than 1 minute)
• treating inherited red blood cell disorders such as sickle cell anemia and thalassemia.
REFERENCES:
1 Анемии / под ред. О.А. Рукавицына. М.: ГЭОТАР-Медиа, 2016. 250 с.
2 Булгакова С.В., Захарова Н.О., Тренева Е.В., Лобинская М.А. Современные
представления об анемическом синдроме у лиц старших возрастных групп (обзор
литературы) // Современные проблемы здравоохранения и медицинской статистики.
2020. № 2. С. 45–68.
3 Витамин В12-дефицитная анемия. Клинические рекомендации Минздрава РФ. М.,
2021.
4 Гемоглобинопатии и талассемические синдромы / под ред. А.Г. Румянцева,
Ю.Н. Токарева, Н.С. Сметаниной. М.: Практическая медицина, 2015. 447 с.
5 Детская гематология / под ред. А.Г. Румянцева, А.А. Масчана, Е.В. Жуковской. М.:
ГЭОТАР-Медиа, 2015. С. 24–159.
Vo
lu
m
e
5,
M
ar
ch
,2
02
5
,
M
ED
IC
AL
SC
IE
N
CE
S.
IM
PA
CT
FA
CT
OR
:7
,8
9
6 Диагностика и лечение железодефицитной анемии у детей и подростков / под ред.
А.Г. Румянцева, И.Н. Захаровой. М., 2015. 75 с.
7 Долгов В.В., Луговская С.А., Морозова В.Т., Почтарь М.Е. Лабораторная
диагностика анемий. М.; Тверь: Триада, 2009. 148 с.
8 Долгов В.В., Луговская С.А., Почтарь М.Е., Федорова М.М. Лабораторная
диагностика нарушений обмена железа: учебное пособие М.: Триада, 2014. 72 с.
9 Железодефицитная анемия. Клинические рекомендации Минздрава РФ. М., 2021.
10 Здравоохранение в России. Статистический сборник / Росстат. М., 2021.
