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613.2: 616.13
CIRCULATORY DISEASES AND THE ROLE OF NUTRITION
Tashkent Medical Academy
Khaitov Javokhir Bakhodirovich
Department of Children, Adolescents and Nutritional Hygiene (PhD)
Yusufov Nodirbek Islambekovich
Department of Children, Adolescents and Nutritional Hygiene (PhD)
Abstract.
The article discusses the main causes of cardiovascular diseases, including
tobacco use, unhealthy diet and obesity, unhealthy lifestyle, physical inactivity, excessive
alcohol consumption, and air pollution. Most cardiovascular diseases can be prevented by
eliminating behavioral and environmental risk factors. It is important to detect
cardiovascular diseases as early as possible, as treatment, medication, and a healthy lifestyle
and diet are essential.
Key words:
healthy eating, diet, blood circulation, physical inactivity, atherosclerosis,
stroke.
According to the World Health Organization, cardiovascular diseases are a major global
health problem due to their high incidence and mortality rates. In 2019, an estimated 17.9
million people died from cardiovascular diseases, accounting for 32% of all deaths
worldwide. Of these deaths, 85% were due to myocardial infarction and stroke. More than
three-quarters of all deaths from cardiovascular diseases occur in low- and middle-income
countries. Of the 17 million premature deaths (under 70 years of age) from
noncommunicable diseases in 2019 , 38% were due to cardiovascular diseases.
Not smoking, reducing salt and salty foods, increasing fruit and vegetable consumption,
engaging in regular physical activity, and limiting alcohol consumption have been shown to
reduce the risk of developing cardiovascular disease. Public health strategies that promote
healthy eating, including local fruits and vegetables and traditional foods, and create
affordable and healthy environments, as well as improving air quality and reducing pollution,
are essential for developing health-promoting behaviors.
In other words,
the development of circulatory diseases The organization of proper nutrition,
a healthy lifestyle
. It is worth noting that even people with a genetic predisposition to
circulatory diseases
can avoid the disease with a healthy lifestyle [1].
The incidence of
cardiovascular diseases has decreased over the past 25 years, making it a priority for public
health to organize proper nutrition, promote a healthy lifestyle, and especially prevent
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circulatory diseases through lifestyle changes
[2]
. On the other hand, many scientific studies
have shown that organizing proper nutrition can be a preventive factor in the death rate from
circulatory diseases.
[3]
.
Healthy eating is not only a preventive measure but also a therapeutic measure for
cardiovascular diseases
[4]
. In this sense, in order to strengthen the prevention of circulatory
diseases, the quality of food products and the organization of proper nutrition, the formation
of dietary patterns, and the promotion of a healthy lifestyle should be a priority. Improper
eating habits, lack of physical exercise, overweight and obesity, or smoking habits, etc. can
lead to the development of circulatory diseases.
circulatory diseases, and one of the important causes of malnutrition
[5, 6, 7]
.
Atherosclerosis is the worst cause of
Therefore, the development of processes involved in the initiation and progression of
atherosclerosis, culminating in the rupture of atherosclerotic plaques and the formation of
thrombi, is closely related to the mechanisms that influence the consumption of food
products and
circulatory diseases.
There is clear evidence that serum cholesterol is associated with the risk of coronary artery
disease, myocardial infarction, and coronary death
[8].
Obesity, especially visceral obesity, is an unproven risk factor for cardiovascular disease and
is the result of excess energy balance. This increasing health risk is closely linked to obesity.
Obesity not only predisposes people
to cardiovascular diseases
and type 2 diabetes, but also
leads to chronic inflammatory diseases
[9].
Unhealthy eating habits, irregular meals, and of course, lack of exercise lead to weight gain,
which in turn plays a significant role in the development of
circulatory diseases.
A culture of unhealthy eating habits, which leads to obesity. It is well known that excess
weight is a major risk factor for
cardiovascular diseases [12]. Obesity is largely determined
by div mass index (BMI) between populations. For example, there is a large difference
in
BMI between Asians and Caucasians. It has been found that overweight and obesity
are
associated with an increased risk of stroke and ischemic stroke in both men and women
[10].
It has also been found that men who are overweight or obese are more likely to have a
higher risk of hemorrhagic stroke. The effect of overweight on the risk of
circulatory
diseases is more likely to occur in men than in women
[10].
Trans fats have long been used in the food industry and in the home by heating partially
saturated and unsaturated trans fats in ready-made or semi-finished food products at higher
temperatures. However, research findings indicate that, due to the increasing negative health
effects and the results of biochemical analyses, excess trans fats in the diet are considered a
significant risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, as well as a risk factor for cancer and
diabetes. A daily intake of more than 2% of the div's energy from trans fats increases the
risk of developing cardiovascular diseases by 23%.
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In addition, several studies have shown that high consumption of trans fats increases the risk
of cancer and diabetes. Studies have shown that regular consumption of trans fats affects
lipoproteins, causing atherosclerosis, stroke, diabetes, and cancer, as well as increasing the
risk of cardiovascular disease
[11]
.
high blood pressure and salt intake
are major causes of cardiovascular disease. There is a
wealth of evidence to support this claim, including scientific studies, animal studies, and
observational studies
[12].
hypertension , salt intake is a major factor. We know that higher salt intake is associated
with an increased risk of hypertension, and reducing dietary salt intake reduces the risk of
developing hypertension. In addition, salt intake and the development of hypertension are
associated with a number of important risk factors, including genetic factors and
environmental factors, such as high salt intake, as well as dietary culture. Studies have
shown that consuming 20% fructose reduces salt sensitivity and increases the risk of
hypertension
[13].
Additionally, high fructose intake and high salt and salt-containing foods in adolescents'
diets have been shown to lead to arterial stiffness and left ventricular diastolic dysfunction,
which in turn increases the risk of heart failure. High salt and salt-containing foods are
associated with increased risk of hypertension and heart failure
[13].
We know that a healthy diet and a healthy lifestyle are of great importance not only in
preventing circulatory diseases, but also in preventing and treating diabetes, malignant
tumors, and other diseases. Many diets have been proposed to prevent circulatory diseases.
consumption
of fruits, vegetables, legumes, fish and seafood products, nuts, pistachios,
almonds, spices, legumes, vegetable oils (mainly olive oil) and dairy products in the daily
diet, as well as low consumption of baked products with various types of margarine,
carbonated drinks, and processed meat products. is important
[14,15].
Currently, the Mediterranean and DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) diets
are well-studied and recommended for the prevention of cardiovascular disease. These diets
may reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease through lower levels of risk factors and better
control of div weight
[14,15].
In conclusion, tobacco consumption, table salt and salty products consumption,
Other
factors
such as poor diet and obesity, unhealthy lifestyle, physical inactivity, excessive
alcohol consumption and air pollution
contribute to most of the risk factors for
cardiovascular diseases. Proper nutrition, a healthy lifestyle and the avoidance of harmful
habits
are essential for the prevention of
cardiovascular diseases. Implementing
appropriate
and effective dietary changes for
cardiovascular diseases has been one
challenges for preventive cardiovascular medicine
the beginning of the century . A
better understanding of how dietary changes
for cardiovascular diseases
work, as well as
ongoing scientific research and scientific evidence, will lead to effective results in
preventing the development of diseases.
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