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CONTACT DERMATITIS AND ITS DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
Bazarkulova Shaxnoza Qahromonovna
Termez University of Economics and Service, Faculty of Medicine, student of the medical
specialty
Boyqobilov Soatmurod Shuxrat ugli
Lecturer, Department of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Termez University of
Economics and Service
Abstract:
Contact dermatitis is a common inflammatory skin disease that occurs as a result
of direct skin contact with external factors. This article discusses the clinical forms, etiology,
and differential diagnosis of contact dermatitis. The clinical differences between allergic and
irritant forms, diagnostic methods, especially the importance of patch testing, and important
criteria for differentiating them from other skin diseases are presented. Correct diagnosis and
treatment of contact dermatitis allows for effective management of the disease.
Keywords:
contact dermatitis, allergic dermatitis, irritant dermatitis, differential diagnosis,
patch test.
Аннотация:
Контактный дерматит — распространенное воспалительное заболевание
кожи, возникающее в результате прямого контакта кожи с внешними факторами. В
статье рассматриваются клинические формы, этиология и дифференциальная
диагностика контактного дерматита. Представлены клинические различия между
аллергическими и раздражающими формами, методы диагностики, особенно значение
кожных проб, а также критерии, важные для их дифференциации от других кожных
заболеваний. Правильная диагностика и лечение контактного дерматита позволяют
эффективно контролировать заболевание.
Ключевые слова:
контактный дерматит, аллергический дерматит, раздражающий
дерматит, дифференциальная диагностика, патч-тест.
INTRODUCTION
Contact dermatitis is an inflammatory skin disease belonging to the eczema group, which
develops as a result of direct or indirect contact of the skin with various chemical, biological
or physical factors. The disease is widespread among workers in large industries, medical
workers, beauty salon specialists, farmers and housewives. There are two main forms of
contact dermatitis: irritant (diffuse) and allergic. Although these two forms are clinically
similar, they differ in pathogenesis, course and treatment. In many cases, as a result of
incorrect diagnosis, patients develop chronic dermatitis. Therefore, being able to distinguish
contact dermatitis from other diseases is an important step in practical dermatology.
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LITERATURE ANALYSIS AND METHODODLOGY
Forms and etiology of contact dermatitis
Irritant contact dermatitis: Irritant form - occurs as a result of direct skin damage by
chemical or physical factors. The most common factors: soap, antiseptics, acidic and
alkaline solutions, synthetic clothing and dusty environments. This form usually develops
without the participation of the immune system.
Allergic contact dermatitis: Allergic form - a delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction that
develops when the div is re-exposed to substances with which it has previously come into
contact. In this case, an immunological response mediated by T-lymphocytes occurs. The
most common allergens: nickel, chromium, latex, cosmetics, drugs (e.g. neomycin).
Clinical signs
Contact dermatitis can occur clinically in an acute or chronic form.
• In the acute form: Erythema, edema, vesicles and pustules, itching and burning, fluid
discharge from inflamed surfaces.
• In chronic form: Dry skin, thickening, severe itching, crusting, cracks, and pigmentation.
RESULTS
Table 1. Differential diagnosis
Disease name
Differentiating symptoms from contact dermatitis
Atopic dermatitis
Onset in childhood, family history of allergies
Seborrheic
dermatitis
More common in the scalp and oily skin areas, manifested by yellow-
oily crusts
Psoriasis
Symptoms are symmetrical, wax-chip sign and blood drop sign are
present
Mycotic dermatitis Detected by mycological examination, clearly demarcated rash
Eczema
Persistent infiltration is present, long-term course is characteristic
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Figure 1. Contact dermatitis.
Diagnostic methods
The following methods are used to diagnose contact dermatitis:
- Anamnesis
- Clinical examination
- Patch test
- Laboratory and microscopic examinations
Treatment and prevention
The main principle in the treatment of contact dermatitis is to stop contact with the causative
agent.
- Local treatment: corticosteroid creams, antiseptic solutions
- Systemic treatment: oral antihistamines
- Emollients
- Prevention: personal protective equipment
CONCLUSION
Contact dermatitis is a common skin condition that can be caused by a variety of factors, and
it is often misdiagnosed. Accurate diagnosis through accurate differential diagnosis and
patch testing is essential for the patient's health.
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REFERENCES
1. Rycroft RJG, et al. Contact Dermatitis. Springer, 2011.
2. Lachapelle JM, Maibach HI. Patch Testing and Prick Testing. Springer, 2012.
3. WHO. Occupational Dermatitis. Geneva: WHO Press, 2020.
4. Alikhan A, et al. Review of irritant and allergic contact dermatitis. Dermatol Clin. 2014.
5. Ўзбекистон ССВ dermatologiya protokollari, 2024.
