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THE CURRENT RELEVANCE OF BRONCHIAL ASTHMA AMONG OUR
COUNTRY'S POPULATION
Murtazayeva Xadicha Nuriddinovna
Teacher of Termez branch Tashkent medical academy
Jalilova Sarvinoz Faxriddinovna
Student of Termez branch of Tashkent Medical Academy
Mahammadiyeva Feruza Mustafokulovna
Student of Termez branch of Tashkent Medical Academy
Eshilova Sevinch Sharofiddinovna
Student of Termez branch of Tashkent Medical Academy
Abstract
: Bronchial asthma is a chronic, inflammatory and obstructive disease of the
respiratory tract, which occurs in an average of 5% of the world's population and is also an
urgent medical and social problem in Uzbekistan.
Keywords
: Bronchial asthma, Etiology, Pathogenesis, Classification, Clinical signs,
Incidence statistics in our country, Treatment, Strategic proposals, Prevention
Main part:
Bronchial asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the respiratory tract,
which is accompanied by clinical symptoms such as acute narrowing of the bronchi
(bronchospasm), difficulty breathing, wheezing, cough and chest tightness. In the 21st
century, asthma is one of the most urgent problems of world health. In the Republic of
Uzbekistan, the number of cases of this disease is also increasing from year to year.
The prevalence and relevance of the disease
Bronchial asthma is one of the most common respiratory diseases among the population of
Uzbekistan, especially in children and adults, which is explained by the dependence of the
disease on hereditary and external factors. The disease has a negative impact not only on the
healthcare system, but also on the economy, as the working capacity of patients decreases,
the quality of life deteriorates, and constant medical supervision is required.
Bronchial asthma not only worsens the physical condition of the patient, but also
negatively affects his psychological, social and economic activity. Constant medication use,
a large number of visits to hospitals, a decrease in work capacity - all this is the basis for
assessing asthma as a relevant disease.
The basis of changes in the bronchi is the sensitization of the div (becoming
sensitive). As a result of immediate allergic reactions, which occur in the form of
anaphylaxis, the div produces antibodies, and when the same allergen is re-exposed,
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histamine is quickly released, which leads to swelling of the bronchial mucosa and
hypersecretion of the glands. Immunocomplex allergic reactions and delayed
hypersensitivity reactions develop in a similar way, but manifest with less pronounced
symptoms. In recent years, the level of calcium in the blood has also been considered a
predisposing factor, since excess calcium can lead to spasms, including spasms of the
bronchial muscles. Pathological examinations of people who died from shortness of breath
show complete or partial obstruction of the bronchi with viscous, thick mucus and
emphysematous lung expansion due to difficulty in exhaling. Microscopic examination of
tissues gives a similar picture - a thickened muscle layer, hypertrophied bronchial glands,
infiltrative, desquamated state of the bronchial walls.
Factors leading to bronchial asthma
The main factors contributing to the increase in bronchial asthma in our country are:
Air pollution (vehicle exhaust, dust, industrial waste)
House dust and fungal spores
Hereditary predisposition
Respiratory tract infections
Allergens (pets, flowers, food products)
Stress and environmental problems
Prevention and measures in the health care system
Today, a number of works are being carried out in Uzbekistan to early detect, diagnose
and control asthma:
Medical examinations are being conducted among the population
Respiratory hygiene is being promoted among schoolchildren and young people
The number of allergists and pulmonologists is increasing
Dispensary control is being strengthened
The supply of inhalers and corticosteroid drugs in pharmacies is improving
The importance of prevention and treatment
Early detection of the disease and Proper treatment plays an important role in
improving the patient's quality of life. The main treatment methods are: inhaled
bronchodilators, glucocorticoids, antileukotrienes, and allergen avoidance. It is
recommended to maintain cleanliness in the home, protect against dust, ventilate the room,
and reduce harmful factors. It is difficult to completely get rid of the disease, but it is
possible to control it and reduce attacks.
Social significance and relevance of the disease
Bronchial asthma is relevant not only as a medical, but also as a social problem:
patients are associated with a decrease in the quality of life, disability, economic losses, and
family problems. Industrial dust and environmental factors affect the spread of the disease,
therefore, environmental protection and promotion of a healthy lifestyle remain urgent issues
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Future strategies and proposals
Increase preventive medical examinations - especially among children and
adolescents
Increase the skills of family doctors, on the diagnosis and treatment of asthma
Increase explanatory work in the media
Ensure the availability and quality of medicines
Introduce allergen tests and spirometry devices in polyclinics
Conclusion
: Today, bronchial asthma is one of the most common and relevant
chronic diseases in our country, and measures for its prevention, early diagnosis, and
effective treatment are of great importance in maintaining public health. The widespread
nature of the disease, its dependence on genetic and external factors, and its impact on
quality of life and economic stability make it a pressing problem.
References:
1.
Jahon sog‘liqni saqlash tashkiloti (JSST). Bronxial astma bo‘yicha global
strategiyalar. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/asthma
2.
Isxakova F. Sh., Xushvakova N. J., Gadoyev R. X., Yodgorov Sh. N., Xojimurodov
A. B.
3.
Bronxial astma bilan og‘rigan bemorlarda allergik rinitning klinik va genetik
aspektlari.
4.
Samarqand davlat tibbiyot universiteti, 2024.
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PDF havola
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GOLD (Global Initiative for Asthma). Astma bo‘yicha global strategiya, 2023.
https://ginasthma.org
