Volume 04 Issue 01-2024
42
International Journal of Medical Sciences And Clinical Research
(ISSN
–
2771-2265)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
01
P
AGES
:
42-46
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
694
)
(2022:
5.
893
)
(2023:
6.
184
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ABSTRACT
About the multifaceted effect of probiotic strains on the resistance of the human div to various pathogens and the
formation of the immune response basic information, the data of studies confirming the effect of lacto- and
bifidobacta are presented.
KEYWORDS
Bifidobacteria, Immunity, Lactobacteria, Probiotics.
INTRODUCTION
The problem of children's immunity is one of the first
health problems. Possibilities of active influence on
immunity did not allow to reduce the spread of acute
infectious pathology among the children's population.
Pediatricians note a high incidence of respiratory and
intestinal infections in many children of various ages,
reaching 8 or more episodes per year [1, 2]. Self-
treatment is often recorded among high school
students, students and adults, which significantly
reduces official statistics. Mild and moderately severe
forms of the disease are reported in children, but
severe cases, including fatal cases, occur with
influenza, especially in immunocompromised patients
[3, 4]. At the same time, there is an increase in the
number of autoimmune pathology cases, which are
often directly related to past or persistent infection [5,
6]. Inadequate response of the immune system causes
the onset and development of the disease. Allergic
reactions, which are often noted among people of
different ages today, can be considered a variant of an
Research Article
THE IMPORTANCE OF PROBIOTICS IN CHILDREN'S IMMUNITY
Submission Date:
January 17, 2024,
Accepted Date:
January 22, 2024,
Published Date:
January 27, 2024
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ijmscr/Volume04Issue01-08
Haydarova Haticha Ramizovna
Assistant, Department Of Pediatrics, Faculty Of Medicine Samarkand State Medical University, Samarkand,
Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ijmscr
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 04 Issue 01-2024
43
International Journal of Medical Sciences And Clinical Research
(ISSN
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2771-2265)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
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P
AGES
:
42-46
SJIF
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FACTOR
(2021:
5.
694
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(2022:
5.
893
)
(2023:
6.
184
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
unwanted immune reaction. One of the important
reasons for changing the spectrum and activity of
pathology should be considered the change in living
conditions of modern man: increase in the level of air
pollution, the possibility of sudden changes in climatic
conditions, stress; the use of a large amount of
preservatives, antiseptics and antibiotics with food,
the lack of vitamins and probiotics in it. For hundreds
of years, humanity has been actively using fermented
milk products: yogurt, buttermilk, kumis, sauerkraut,
pickled apples, and others, depending on national
preferences
and
climatic
conditions.
These
components have formed the microflora and
metabolism of the human div for a long time and are
involved in the functioning of various organs and
systems, primarily the digestive and immune systems.
However, nowadays such food has become
unaffordable for most of the city dwellers. To date, the
role of microflora for the human div is generally
recognized. In the course of research and clinical
observations, it has been shown that microflora should
be considered as a separate system that determines
the vital processes of the div and modulates the
functional state of other organs and tissues. Studying
the characteristics of bacteria present in the mucous
membranes of a healthy person has shown their direct
influence on the formation of the immune response
[8]. Studies have shown that probiotic strains exert
resistance to infection in the human div through
interrelated mechanisms. The first line can be
considered the main metabolic products of lacto- and
bifidobacteria: acetic and lactic acids. They regulate the
water-salt and acid-alkaline balance, prevent the
adhesion of pathogenic and opportunistic bacteria,
create optimal conditions for population growth and
the activity of normal flora [10, 11]. In addition,
probiotics produce bacteriocins, protein substances
that
directly
inhibit
the
growth
of
other
microorganisms [12]. Their effect is due to degradation
of cell wall peptidoglycan, suppression of protein, DNA
or RNA synthesis, induction of autolysis of pathogenic
or opportunistic bacteria and fungi. Another active
product of the normal human microflora is
polysaccharides (exopolysaccharides), which prevent
the development of opportunistic and pathogenic
microorganisms, thereby ensuring resistance to
colonization, regulate the phagocytic activity of
macrophages and the production of anti-inflammatory
cytokines, and bifidus and promotes the growth of
lactobacilli [13-16]. Today, it is known that probiotics
actively participate in the breakdown of proteins, fats,
carbohydrates, absorption and synthesis of vitamins,
assimilation of macro and microelements necessary for
the normal functioning of the immune system.
Therefore, it is clear that the lack of the main
components
of
the
normoflora
is naturally
accompanied by a decrease in the activity of the
immune response. Probiotic strains can exert
activating
and
modulatory
effects
on
immunocompetent cells, which protect against both
Volume 04 Issue 01-2024
44
International Journal of Medical Sciences And Clinical Research
(ISSN
–
2771-2265)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
01
P
AGES
:
42-46
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
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)
(2022:
5.
893
)
(2023:
6.
184
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
acute intestinal infections and respiratory tract
infections [17]. D. Paineau and others. In healthy
volunteers, consumption of probiotics at the rate of 2
× 1010 CFU per day has been confirmed to accelerate
IgG immunoglobulin production and increase its
concentration in response to oral cholera vaccine
administration compared to the placebo group [18].
According to the treatment data, among preschool
children (2-5 years) who received Lactobacillus
paracasei LPC-37 or Bifidobacterium lactis HN019 for 9
months, the incidence of diarrhea was significantly
lower: 11.7, respectively % and 8.4%. with 16.9% for
placebo. Lactobacilli - 7% and bifidobacteria - 7.3%, and
febrile episodes were less common in patients not
taking probiotics - 11.5% [19]. On laboratory tests, fecal
IgA and serum IL-8 levels were significantly lower
among participants who received Bifidobacterium
lactis compared to children who received placebo.
Studies by G. Leyer et al. Children who received
Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM or Lactobacillus
acidophilus NCFM with Bifidobacterium lactis Bi-07
twice daily for 6 months saw a 53.0% and 72.7%
reduction in fever and a 41.4% and 62.1% reduction in
cough, respectively. showed. Tumovni - 28.2% and
58.8%. Probiotic use for 6 months resulted in a 68.4%
reduction in acute respiratory illness for one strain and
84.2% for two [20]. A large number of studies have
been devoted to studying the effect of Lactobacillus
reuteri on the frequency of acute respiratory and
intestinal infections. Taking this type of beneficial
bacteria was shown to reduce disease in 10.6% of those
taking a placebo, compared to 26.4%. At the same time,
the number of days of incapacity for work was reduced
to 0.4% on the background of probiotic intake, while in
the comparison group this indicator was 0.9% [27]. A
detailed study of the characteristics of Lactobacillus
reuteri allowed us to conclude that this bacterium
produces a special antimicrobial substance - reuterin,
which causes oxidative stress - an imbalance between
the production of active oxygen and the ability of the
microorganism to bind intermediate toxic molecules ,
which leads to pathogen inhibition and subsequent
death [28]. Thus, today there is no doubt about the
multi-component positive effect of lacto- and
bifidobacteria on the functioning of the immune
system. It can be seen that the human div's need for
probiotic strains, which have been formed over many
years, significantly exceeds the food intake, which
causes a high susceptibility of most of the population
to infectious diseases. The high frequency of episodes
of acute respiratory and intestinal infections should be
considered as an indication for prescribing probiotics.
Preference should be given to well-known and studied
strains. Among the many different probiotic formulas,
the safest and most studied are: synbiotic - probiotic
and prebiotic Linex for children from birth (in a sachet)
and Linex forte for children over 3 years of age
(Bifidobacterium animals. Subsp. lactis 1 billion
Lactobacillus acidophilus Beneo synerdji1 , containing
90-94% inulin and 6-10% oligofructose) In most cases,
Volume 04 Issue 01-2024
45
International Journal of Medical Sciences And Clinical Research
(ISSN
–
2771-2265)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
01
P
AGES
:
42-46
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
694
)
(2022:
5.
893
)
(2023:
6.
184
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
one dose is enough to prevent repeated episodes of
acute infectious diseases: 1 sachet or 1 1 capsule
containing a billion live microorganisms. If there are
signs of serious dysbiotic diseases, it may be necessary
to increase the daily dose: for example, antibiotic-
related diarrhea, candidiasis. Often sick children and
adults with clear symptoms of lacto- and bifidobacteria
deficiency, usually accompanied by digestive disorders,
the first choice will be complex formulas with an
abundance of live bacteria. Among them, we can
recommend
a
food
supplement
containing
Lactobacillus plantarum LP01, Lactobacillus plantarum
LP02, Lactobacillus rhamnosus LP04, Lactobacillus
rhamnosus LP05, Bifidobacterium rhamnosus LP05,
BS1 lactobacillus class a. The prebiotic component in
this composition contains a molecule consisting of
glucose and 2-4 fructose monomers, which promotes
the development of normal flora, but at the same time
prevents the growth of pathogenic microorganisms.
The composition is approved for use from the first
month of life. 1 dose (1 package) contains 15 billion
probiotic bacteria.
CONCLUSIONS
Probiotic strains participate in the formation of
immunity and resistance of the human div against
common acute respiratory and intestinal infections.
The lack of lacto- and bifidobacteria in the population
contributes to the increase in the number of episodes
of infectious diseases. Prophylactic use of formulas
containing studied probiotics or, if necessary, multi-
component synbiotic complexes helps the immune
system to function adequately, reduces seasonal
diseases in children and adults.
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Volume 04 Issue 01-2024
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(ISSN
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VOLUME
04
ISSUE
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P
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:
42-46
SJIF
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FACTOR
(2021:
5.
694
)
(2022:
5.
893
)
(2023:
6.
184
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
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