Authors

  • Nuriddinov Sadriddin Saifiddinovich
    Bukhara State Medical Institute. Uzbekistan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.37547/ijmscr/Volume03Issue11-04

Keywords:

Nutritional and emotional factors constipation children

Abstract

This article discusses the clinical characteristics and causative factors of colostasis in children. Conductedanalysis of anamnestic data149 patients, studied the results of clinical and anamnestic data and a comprehensive clinical examination.


background image

Volume 03 Issue 11-2023

23


International Journal of Medical Sciences And Clinical Research
(ISSN

2771-2265)

VOLUME

03

ISSUE

11

P

AGES

:

23-31

SJIF

I

MPACT

FACTOR

(2021:

5.

694

)

(2022:

5.

893

)

(2023:

6.

184

)

OCLC

1121105677















































Publisher:

Oscar Publishing Services

Servi

ABSTRACT

This article discusses the clinical characteristics and causative factors of colostasis in children. Conductedanalysis of

anamnestic data149 patients, studied the results of clinical and anamnestic data and a comprehensive clinical

examination.

KEYWORDS

Nutritional and emotional factors, constipation, colostasis, children.

INTRODUCTION

Constipation is a disorder of intestinal function,

expressed in a slowdown (compared to the individual

physiological norm) of the age-related rhythm of

defecation, its difficulty, systematically insufficient

bowel movement and/or changes in the shape and

character of stool [4,5,8,9]. When analyzing the

literature data, there is quite a huge amount of

material devoted to the problems of constipation in

children, but there is no systematic, comprehensive

review and analysis.Until today, there are no clear

indications for surgical treatment of colostasis, no

timing, and the problem of determining clear

indications and contraindications for surgery has not

been solved.[3,8,9,17].When performing interventions,

surgeons are based on their own experience and

knowledge gleaned from well-known

literary

sources[1,5,16,22].That is why there are still a large

number of intra- and postoperative complications;

there are no standards for the supervision of patients

before

and

after

surgical

procedures[2,10,12,19,21].There are no diagnostic or

clinical criteria for colostasis in the age aspect in

Research Article

ANALYSIS OF CHARACTERISTICS OF CONSTIPATION IN CHILDREN

Submission Date:

November 03, 2023,

Accepted Date:

November 08, 2023,

Published Date:

November 13, 2023

Crossref doi:

https://doi.org/10.37547/ijmscr/Volume03Issue11-04


Nuriddinov Sadriddin Saifiddinovich

Bukhara State Medical Institute. Uzbekistan

Journal

Website:

https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ijmscr

Copyright:

Original

content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons

attributes

4.0 licence.


background image

Volume 03 Issue 11-2023

24


International Journal of Medical Sciences And Clinical Research
(ISSN

2771-2265)

VOLUME

03

ISSUE

11

P

AGES

:

23-31

SJIF

I

MPACT

FACTOR

(2021:

5.

694

)

(2022:

5.

893

)

(2023:

6.

184

)

OCLC

1121105677















































Publisher:

Oscar Publishing Services

Servi

children, which determines the relevance of

conducting in-depth experimental and clinical research

in this direction[3,11,15,18].

Currently, thanks to technological progress, modern

imaging methods provide a fairly high degree of

diagnosis

of

congenital

pathology

of

the

gastrointestinal tract, both at the prenatal and

neonatal stages of development, allowing early

detection of defects that may require emergency and

(or) planned correction[9,13,15,18]. Diagnosis of

patients subject to colon resection is not difficult, but

the management of such patients still remains

controversial [5,14,20].

Purpose of the study. Study of some clinical features of

colostasis in children.

Materials and research methods. This work is based on

examination and treatment data of 149 sick children

aged from 1 month to 14 years with colostasis. An

analysis was carried out of patients who received

treatment in the department of pediatric surgery of

the Bukhara Regional Children's Multidisciplinary

Medical Center, which is the clinical base of the

Department of Pediatric Surgery of the Bukhara State

Medical Institute for the period 2012 - 2022.

The main criterion for including patients in our study

was the presence of colostasis, patients’ complaints

about the lack of independent stool. The work does

not include patients with the total form of

Hirschsprung's disease.

All children underwent a comprehensive examination

used in pediatric surgery, including clinical, laboratory,

and X-ray examinations: detailed study and history

taking, clinical objective examination, and, if necessary,

rectal digital examination; general clinical tests -

general analysis of blood, stool and urine; X-ray

contrast study - irrigography of the colon with barium

sulfate solution according to the method of A.I.

Lenyushkina. Sphincteromanometry was performed to

determine sphincter tone in some patients.

Results and discussion. All children underwent a

comprehensive examination used in pediatric surgery,

including clinical, laboratory, and X-ray examinations:

detailed study and history taking, clinical objective

examination, and, if necessary, rectal digital

examination; general clinical tests - general analysis of

blood, stool and urine; X-ray contrast study -

irrigography of the colon with barium sulfate solution

according to the method of A.I. Lenyushkina.

Sphincteromanometry was performed to determine

sphincter tone in some patients.

When analyzing data on the distribution of patients

with colostasis depending on gender and age, boys

predominated - 82 (55.0%), compared to girls - 67

(45.0%).When dividing patients by age categories,in

the age group from 1 year to 4 years, making up 34


background image

Volume 03 Issue 11-2023

25


International Journal of Medical Sciences And Clinical Research
(ISSN

2771-2265)

VOLUME

03

ISSUE

11

P

AGES

:

23-31

SJIF

I

MPACT

FACTOR

(2021:

5.

694

)

(2022:

5.

893

)

(2023:

6.

184

)

OCLC

1121105677















































Publisher:

Oscar Publishing Services

Servi

(22.8%) for boys and 31 (20.8%) for girls, in the age

group from 5 years to 9 years, boys accounted for 20

(13.4%), girls of this age made up 12 (8.0%) of the

examined

patientswere

predominantsick

male

children (Table 1).In our opinion, functional

constipation affects the quality of life of patients

starting from the age of one year and is a reason for

hospitalization in a hospital to determine the etiology

of constipation.

Distribution of patients with colostasis depending on gender and age

Table 1

Note:*- children of the early postnatal period of development are not included in our study.

The smallest number of patients was aged 10-14 years

7 (4.8%), which is associated with low parents’

seeking medical help and acquiring skills to control

stool frequency, as well as relative adaptation to the

pathological condition in children of high school age.

In almost all studies of children with constipation,

there was a higher prevalence of boys with

constipation compared to girls.This may not be the

result of a true difference in frequency, but due to

differences in seeking medical advice and treatment.

Analysis of the nature of constipation showed the

predominance of patients with constipation of an

organic nature. When distributed according to the

origin of constipation, functional constipation

accounted for 22 (15%), and organic constipation

accounted for 127 (85%), which is due to the fact that

before hospitalization, patients undergo partial

examination in an outpatient setting (Fig. 1).

To make a diagnosis, we adhered to the classification

of A.I. Khavkin (2000), which identifies the following

definition criteria: compensated - stool once every 2-3

days, usually independent, but with a feeling of

incomplete emptying and flatulence - 52 (34.9% );

subcompensated

stool once every 3-5 days while

taking laxatives and a cleansing enema

74 (49.7%);

decompensated - there is no independent stool, its

Floor

Age of patients

(WHO classification 2021)

0-27
days

01

11 month 01-4

years

5

9

years

10-14
years

Total:
n, %

boys

*

24
16.1%

34
22.8%

20
13.4%

4
2.7%

82
(55%)

girls

*

21
14.1%

31
20.8%

12
8.0%

3
2.1%

67
(45%)

Total:

-

45
30.2%

65
43.6%

32
21.4%

7
4.8%

149
(100%)


background image

Volume 03 Issue 11-2023

26


International Journal of Medical Sciences And Clinical Research
(ISSN

2771-2265)

VOLUME

03

ISSUE

11

P

AGES

:

23-31

SJIF

I

MPACT

FACTOR

(2021:

5.

694

)

(2022:

5.

893

)

(2023:

6.

184

)

OCLC

1121105677















































Publisher:

Oscar Publishing Services

Servi

delay can reach 10 or more days, accompanied by

abdominal pain, intoxication, emptying is possible

using siphon or hypertensive enemas - 23 (15.4%).

Fig.1. Distribution of patients depending on the origin of constipation

The predominance of the compensated and subcompensated stages of constipation in the examined sick children

was established (Fig. 2).

Fig.2.Distribution of patients depending on the stage of colostasis

In our studies, in 149 patients examined, the following

comorbidity with constipation was revealed (Table 2),

which influenced the course of the underlying disease.

At the same time, the most common comorbid

background in children with colostases were children

with dolichosigma,56 (37.6%), anemia - which

amounted to 40 (26.8%) of the examined patients, as

Функциональные
Органические

34.90%

49.70%

15.40%

Компенсация
Субкомпенсация
Декомпенсация


background image

Volume 03 Issue 11-2023

27


International Journal of Medical Sciences And Clinical Research
(ISSN

2771-2265)

VOLUME

03

ISSUE

11

P

AGES

:

23-31

SJIF

I

MPACT

FACTOR

(2021:

5.

694

)

(2022:

5.

893

)

(2023:

6.

184

)

OCLC

1121105677















































Publisher:

Oscar Publishing Services

Servi

well as dolichocolon 28 (18.9%) and megacolon 28

(18.2%).

Frequency of comorbidity in sick children with colostasis

Table 2.

Nosology

Number of patients

Abs

%

Anemia

40

26.8

Hirschsprung's disease

10

6.7

Dolichosigma

56

37.6

Dolichocolon

28

18.9

Megacolon

27

18.2

Payer's disease

7

4.7

Hilaiditi syndrome

3

2.0

Ectopia ani

2

1.3

Atresia ani et recti

1

0.7

Stenosis ani

3

2.0

SPO BPPR*

14

9.4

Total

191

* note: SPO BPPR - Condition after abdominal-perineal proctoplasty surgery for Hirschsprung's disease, anorectal

malformation, etc.

CONCLUSION

Thus, based on the results of the study and the study

of regional characteristics of chronic constipation in

the Bukhara region, it was established that when

distributed by gender and place of residence, boys

aged from one year to 9 years of age are more likely to

suffer.


background image

Volume 03 Issue 11-2023

28


International Journal of Medical Sciences And Clinical Research
(ISSN

2771-2265)

VOLUME

03

ISSUE

11

P

AGES

:

23-31

SJIF

I

MPACT

FACTOR

(2021:

5.

694

)

(2022:

5.

893

)

(2023:

6.

184

)

OCLC

1121105677















































Publisher:

Oscar Publishing Services

Servi

Among the causative factors leading to constipation,

the highest frequency is represented by pathologies of

the sigmoid colon (dolichocolon, megacolon,

dolichosigma) - 75.2% of cases.

REFERENCES

1.

Акилов Х.А., Саидов Ф.Х. Диагностика и

методы

лечения

мегаколон

у

детей

//Shoshilinch tibbiyot axborotnomasi, 2016, IX

(3).-

с.125

-131.

2.

Белоусова О.Ю. Современный взгляд на

функциональные запоры у детей раннего

возраста: особенности вскармливания и

принципы немедикаментозной коррекции/

/Журнал Здоровье ребенка, ISSN 2224

-0551,

N1 (60).-2015.-140-148.

3.

Григорьев

К.И.

Запоры

у

детей

//

Медицинская сестра. Профессия:теория и

практика

-

№2,

-2014.-

с.37

-42.

4.

Запор.

Клинические

рекомендации,

Российская

гастроэнтерологическая

ассоциация, Ассоциация колопроктологов

России

- 2020.-

26 с.

5.

Комарова О.Н., Хавкин А.И. Алгоритм

обследования и лечения детей раннего

возраста с запорами // РМЖ. 2016. № 6. С.

358

360.

6.

Ленюшкин

А.И.

Хирургическая

колопроктология

детского

возраста.

М..1999, 366 с.

7.

Раупов, Ф. С., & Мехриддинов, М. К. (2020).

Функциональные

изменения

после

обширных резекций толстого кишечника у

детей. Проблемы биологии и медицины, (1),

116.

8.

Руденко Н.Н. Лечение хронического запора:

от теории к практике / Н.Н. Руденко, О.В.

Томаш, А.Э. Дорофеев // Новости медицины

и

фармации.

2013.

457.

Гастроэнтерология. —

С. 37

-39.

9.

Ф.С., Р. ., & С.С., Н. . (2023). Клинико

-

рентгенологическая

характеристика

колостаза у детей. Research Journal of

Trauma and Disability Studies, 2(5), 225

233.

Retrieved

from

http://journals.academiczone.net/index.php/rjt

ds/article/view/91

10.

Хавкин А. И. Коррекция функциональных

запоров у детей. Росс. вестн. перинатол. и

педиатрии. 2012; 4 (1): 127–

130.

11.

Allen AP, Dinan TG, Clarke G, Cryan JF. A

psychology

of

the

human

brain

gut

microbiome axis. Soc Personal Psychol

Compass.

2017

Apr;11(4):e12309.

doi:

10.1111/spc3.123-09.

12.

Benninga S, Nurko MA, Faure C, Hyman PE,

James Roberts ISt, Schechter NL. Childhood

Functional

Gastrointestinal

Disorders:

Neonate/Toddler. Gastroenterology, 2016,

150(6): 1443

1455.


background image

Volume 03 Issue 11-2023

29


International Journal of Medical Sciences And Clinical Research
(ISSN

2771-2265)

VOLUME

03

ISSUE

11

P

AGES

:

23-31

SJIF

I

MPACT

FACTOR

(2021:

5.

694

)

(2022:

5.

893

)

(2023:

6.

184

)

OCLC

1121105677















































Publisher:

Oscar Publishing Services

Servi

13.

Vandenplas Y, Levy E, Lemmens R, Devreker T.

Функциональный запор у детей. Педиатрия

(Прил. к журн. Consilium Me

dicum). 2017; 1:

50

57.

14.

Walter HA, Rajindrajith S, Devanarayana NM et

al. OP-1 prevalence of functional constipation in

infants and toddlers in Sri Lanka. J Pediatr

Gastroenterol Nutr 2015; 61 (4): 541.

15.

Henry's Clinical Diagnosis and Management by

Laboratory Methods, 23e by Richard A.

McPherson MD MSc (Author), Matthew R.

Pincus MD PhD (Author). St. Louis, Missouri :

Elsevier, 2016. Page 974.;

16.

Raupov

F.S.

(2023).

CLINICAL

AND

RADIOLOGICAL

CHARACTERISTICS

OF

COLOSTASIS IN CHILDREN. American Journal

Of Biomedical Science & Pharmaceutical

Innovation,

3(05),

48

57.

https://doi.org/10.37547/ajbspi/Volume03Issue

05-07.

17.

Raupov, F. S. (2022). Morphological Aspects of

the Colon of Human and White Laboratory

Rats. Central Asian Journal of Medical and

Natural Science, 3(2), 243-247.

18.

Raupov, F. S. (2020). Possible dysfunctions of

the large intestine after resection in children.

Problems of biology and medicine,(3), 119(18),

42-46.

19.

Raupov, F. S. (2022, September). Preventive

measures of complications of colon resection

in children in consideration of morphological

features.

In

"

ONLINE-CONFERENCES"

PLATFORM (pp. 41-42).

20.

Khamraev, A. (2020). Zh., Rakhmonov DB,

Raupov FS. Fecal incontinence after repeated

colon surgery in children. anatomical and

physiological reflections/Problems of biology

and medicine, (5), 122. Wang B., Duan R., Duan

L. Prevalence of sleep disorder in irritable

bowel syndrome: A systematic review with

meta-analysis. Saudi J. Gastroenterol. 2018

May-Jun;24 (3):141-150.

21.

Yeh H.W., Chien W.C., Chung C.H. Risk of

psychiatric disorders in irritable bowel

syndrome-A nationwide, population-based,

cohort study. Int. J. Clin. Pract. 2018 Jul;72(7).

22.

A.T. Ahmedov, F.J. Kamolov, J.R. Sharipov, L.A.

Narziev.

(2023).

PREDICTORS

OF

CARDIOVASCULAR

COMPLICATIONS

IN

PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC ISCHEMIC HEART

DISEASE AFTER BYPASS SURGERY. SCIENCE

AND INNOVATION IN THE EDUCATION

SYSTEM,

2(4),

164

168.

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7787690

23.

A.T. Akhmedov, & L.A. Narziev. (2023).

PREDICTORS

OF

CARDIOVASCULAR

COMPLICATIONS IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC

ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE AFTER BYPASS

SURGERY. International Journal of Medical

Sciences And Clinical Research, 3(03), 68

77.


background image

Volume 03 Issue 11-2023

30


International Journal of Medical Sciences And Clinical Research
(ISSN

2771-2265)

VOLUME

03

ISSUE

11

P

AGES

:

23-31

SJIF

I

MPACT

FACTOR

(2021:

5.

694

)

(2022:

5.

893

)

(2023:

6.

184

)

OCLC

1121105677















































Publisher:

Oscar Publishing Services

Servi

https://doi.org/10.37547/ijmscr/Volume03Issue

03-10

24.

A.T.Ahmedov,

F.J.Kamolov,

J.R.Sharipov,

L.A.Narziev. (2023). ECHOCARDOGRAPHIC

FEATURES OF PATIENTS AFTER COVID-19

PNEUMONIA. ACADEMIC

RESEARCH

IN

MODERN

SCIENCE,

2(10),

37

41.

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7787702

25.

Ahmedov, A., & Kamolov, F. (2023).

ECHOCARDOGRAPHIC CHANGES IN PATIENTS

WITH A SURVEY OF PNEUMONIA ASSOCIATED

WITH CORONAVIRUS INFECTION COVID-19.

International Bulletin of Medical Sciences and

Clinical Research, 3(3), 110

115. Retrieved from

https://researchcitations.com/index.php/ibmsc

r/article/view/883

26.

Akhmedov

A.T.

(2022).

COMPARATIVE

EVALUATION

OF

IMMUNOLOGICAL

PARAMETERS OF LABORATORY ANIMALS

WITH THYMUS AUTOIMPLANTATION IN THE

DYNAMICS OF OBSERVATION. International

Journal of Medical Sciences And Clinical

Research,

2(11),

12

18.

https://doi.org/10.37547/ijmscr/Volume02Issue

11-03

27.

Djalilova,

Z.

(2023).

PEDAGOGICAL

EDUCATIONAL

TECHNOLOGY:

ESSENCE,

CHARACTERISTICS

AND

EFFICIENCY.

Академические

исследования

в

современной науке, 2(23), 29

-38.

28.

Djalilova, Z. (2023). THE SIGNIFICANCE AND

POSITION OF TEACHING METHODS IN

PROFESSIONAL TRAINING. Solution of social

problems in management and economy, 2(10),

31-42.

29.

Djalilova, Z. (2023). THE USE OF LATIN

TERMINOLOGY

IN

MEDICAL

CASE.

Академические

исследования

в

современной науке, 2(14), 9

-15.

30.

Navruzova,

Sh.I.,

Akhmedov,

A.T.

“AUTOIMPLANTATION

OF

THYMUS

IN

SURGICAL CORRECTION OF CONGENITAL

HEART DEFECTS" CENTRAL ASIAN JOURNAL

OF MEDICAL AND NATURAL SCIENCES, - 2021.

Vol. 2.3 - (2021).

P.: 88-98.

31.

Navruzova,

Sh.I.,

Akhmedov,

AT

“"AUTOIMPLANTATION OF

THYMUS IN

SURGICAL CORRECTION OF CONGENITAL

HEART DEFECTS." CENTRAL ASIAN JOURNAL

OF MEDICAL AND NATURAL SCIENCES, - 2021. -

Vol. 2.3 - (2021).

P.: 88-98.

32.

Ахмедов А.Т., Особенности иммунной

системы при врожденных пороков сердца, //

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MODERN MEDICINE

AND PRACTICE.

2022. Vol. 2 No. 3 EJMMP.

С.

35-40. [Akhmedov A. T., Features of the

immune system in congenital heart defects, //

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MODERN MEDICINE

AND PRACTICE.

2022. Vol. 2 no. 3 EJMMP.

pp. 35-40 [in Russian]


background image

Volume 03 Issue 11-2023

31


International Journal of Medical Sciences And Clinical Research
(ISSN

2771-2265)

VOLUME

03

ISSUE

11

P

AGES

:

23-31

SJIF

I

MPACT

FACTOR

(2021:

5.

694

)

(2022:

5.

893

)

(2023:

6.

184

)

OCLC

1121105677















































Publisher:

Oscar Publishing Services

Servi

33.

Ахмедов

А.Т.,

Сравнительная

оценка

иммунологических

параметров

лабораторных животных аутоимплантации

тимуса

в

динамике

наблюдения,

//

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MODERN MEDICINE

AND PRACTICE.

2022. - Vol. 2 No. 3: EJMMP. C.

40-45

[Akhmedov

A.

T.,

Comparative

evaluation of the immunological parameters of

laboratory

animals

after

thymus

autoimplantation

in

the

dynamics

of

observation, // EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF

MODERN MEDICINE AND PRACTICE. - 2022. -

Vol. 2 no. 3: EJMMP. C. 40-45 in Russian]

34.

34.

Хидоятов, Б.А. Микроциркуляторное

русло кишечника и поджелудочной железы и

его особенности при экспериментальном

сахарном диабете / Б. А. Хидоятов, А. Т.

Ахмедов // Морфология. –

2008.

Т. 133. –

2.

С. 145

-146.

EDN JUTXTT.7.

Otto

CM, Pearlman AS Textbook of clinical

echocardiography. Philadelphia: WB Saunders

Co.; 1995:418.

35.

A.T.Akhmedov Kh.M.Aberaev Influence of

coronavirus

infection

covid-19

to

a

echocardographic changes in patients with a

surveyof

pneumonia

//

Академические

исследования в современной науке. –

2023. -

Том 2 № 20. –

стр. 57

-59

36.

AKHMEDOV , A. (2023). FUNCTIONING OF

IMMUNE

SYSTEM

OF

BABIES

WITH

CONGENITAL HEART DEFECTS. Евразийский

журнал медицинских и естественных наук,

3(6 Part 2), 103

110.

37.

Джалилова, З. (2023). The notion of illocution

in the theory of speech acts by John Austin.

Современные тенденции при обучении

иностранному языку в XXI веке, 1(1).

38.

Obidovna, D. Z. (2023). ADAPTING TEACHING

METHODS

TO

MODERN

EDUCATIONAL

TRENDS: PEDAGOGICAL ASPECT. International

Journal of Pedagogics, 3(10), 72-77.

39.

Akhmedov, A., & Aberaev , K. (2023).

INFLUENCE OF CONGENITAL HEART DEFECTS

IN A FUNCTIONING OF IMMUNE SYSTEM OF

BABIES. International Bulletin of Medical

Sciences and Clinical Research, 3(8), 15

21.

40.

Nuriddinov

S.S.

(2023).

CLINICAL

CHARACTERISTICS OF CHRONIC COLSTASIS IN

CHILDREN. International Journal of Medical

Sciences And Clinical Research, 3(05), 75

83.

https://doi.org/10.37547/ijmscr/Volume03Issue

05-11

References

Акилов Х.А., Саидов Ф.Х. Диагностика и методы лечения мегаколон у детей //Shoshilinch tibbiyot axborotnomasi, 2016, IX (3).- с.125-131.

Белоусова О.Ю. Современный взгляд на функциональные запоры у детей раннего возраста: особенности вскармливания и принципы немедикаментозной коррекции/ /Журнал Здоровье ребенка, ISSN 2224-0551, N1 (60).-2015.-140-148.

Григорьев К.И. Запоры у детей // Медицинская сестра. Профессия:теория и практика-№2,-2014.-с.37-42.

Запор. Клинические рекомендации, Российская гастроэнтерологическая ассоциация, Ассоциация колопроктологов России - 2020.-26 с.

Комарова О.Н., Хавкин А.И. Алгоритм обследования и лечения детей раннего возраста с запорами // РМЖ. 2016. № 6. С. 358–360.

Ленюшкин А.И. Хирургическая колопроктология детского возраста. М..1999, 366 с.

Раупов, Ф. С., & Мехриддинов, М. К. (2020). Функциональные изменения после обширных резекций толстого кишечника у детей. Проблемы биологии и медицины, (1), 116.

Руденко Н.Н. Лечение хронического запора: от теории к практике / Н.Н. Руденко, О.В. Томаш, А.Э. Дорофеев // Новости медицины и фармации. — 2013. — № 457. Гастроэнтерология. — С. 37-39.

Ф.С., Р. ., & С.С., Н. . (2023). Клинико-рентгенологическая характеристика колостаза у детей. Research Journal of Trauma and Disability Studies, 2(5), 225–233. Retrieved from http://journals.academiczone.net/index.php/rjtds/article/view/91

Хавкин А. И. Коррекция функциональных запоров у детей. Росс. вестн. перинатол. и педиатрии. 2012; 4 (1): 127–130.

Allen AP, Dinan TG, Clarke G, Cryan JF. A psychology of the human brain–gut–microbiome axis. Soc Personal Psychol Compass. 2017 Apr;11(4):e12309. doi: 10.1111/spc3.123-09.

Benninga S, Nurko MA, Faure C, Hyman PE, James Roberts ISt, Schechter NL. Childhood Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders: Neonate/Toddler. Gastroenterology, 2016, 150(6): 1443–1455.

Vandenplas Y, Levy E, Lemmens R, Devreker T. Функциональный запор у детей. Педиатрия (Прил. к журн. Consilium Medicum). 2017; 1: 50–57.

Walter HA, Rajindrajith S, Devanarayana NM et al. OP-1 prevalence of functional constipation in infants and toddlers in Sri Lanka. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2015; 61 (4): 541.

Henry's Clinical Diagnosis and Management by Laboratory Methods, 23e by Richard A. McPherson MD MSc (Author), Matthew R. Pincus MD PhD (Author). St. Louis, Missouri : Elsevier, 2016. Page 974.;

Raupov F.S. (2023). CLINICAL AND RADIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF COLOSTASIS IN CHILDREN. American Journal Of Biomedical Science & Pharmaceutical Innovation, 3(05), 48–57. https://doi.org/10.37547/ajbspi/Volume03Issue05-07.

Raupov, F. S. (2022). Morphological Aspects of the Colon of Human and White Laboratory Rats. Central Asian Journal of Medical and Natural Science, 3(2), 243-247.

Raupov, F. S. (2020). Possible dysfunctions of the large intestine after resection in children. Problems of biology and medicine,(3), 119(18), 42-46.

Raupov, F. S. (2022, September). Preventive measures of complications of colon resection in children in consideration of morphological features. In " ONLINE-CONFERENCES" PLATFORM (pp. 41-42).

Khamraev, A. (2020). Zh., Rakhmonov DB, Raupov FS. Fecal incontinence after repeated colon surgery in children. anatomical and physiological reflections/Problems of biology and medicine, (5), 122. Wang B., Duan R., Duan L. Prevalence of sleep disorder in irritable bowel syndrome: A systematic review with meta-analysis. Saudi J. Gastroenterol. 2018 May-Jun;24 (3):141-150.

Yeh H.W., Chien W.C., Chung C.H. Risk of psychiatric disorders in irritable bowel syndrome-A nationwide, population-based, cohort study. Int. J. Clin. Pract. 2018 Jul;72(7).

A.T. Ahmedov, F.J. Kamolov, J.R. Sharipov, L.A. Narziev. (2023). PREDICTORS OF CARDIOVASCULAR COMPLICATIONS IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE AFTER BYPASS SURGERY. SCIENCE AND INNOVATION IN THE EDUCATION SYSTEM, 2(4), 164–168. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7787690

A.T. Akhmedov, & L.A. Narziev. (2023). PREDICTORS OF CARDIOVASCULAR COMPLICATIONS IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE AFTER BYPASS SURGERY. International Journal of Medical Sciences And Clinical Research, 3(03), 68–77. https://doi.org/10.37547/ijmscr/Volume03Issue03-10

A.T.Ahmedov, F.J.Kamolov, J.R.Sharipov, L.A.Narziev. (2023). ECHOCARDOGRAPHIC FEATURES OF PATIENTS AFTER COVID-19 PNEUMONIA. ACADEMIC RESEARCH IN MODERN SCIENCE, 2(10), 37–41. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7787702

Ahmedov, A., & Kamolov, F. (2023). ECHOCARDOGRAPHIC CHANGES IN PATIENTS WITH A SURVEY OF PNEUMONIA ASSOCIATED WITH CORONAVIRUS INFECTION COVID-19. International Bulletin of Medical Sciences and Clinical Research, 3(3), 110–115. Retrieved from https://researchcitations.com/index.php/ibmscr/article/view/883

Akhmedov A.T. (2022). COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF IMMUNOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF LABORATORY ANIMALS WITH THYMUS AUTOIMPLANTATION IN THE DYNAMICS OF OBSERVATION. International Journal of Medical Sciences And Clinical Research, 2(11), 12–18. https://doi.org/10.37547/ijmscr/Volume02Issue11-03

Djalilova, Z. (2023). PEDAGOGICAL EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY: ESSENCE, CHARACTERISTICS AND EFFICIENCY. Академические исследования в современной науке, 2(23), 29-38.

Djalilova, Z. (2023). THE SIGNIFICANCE AND POSITION OF TEACHING METHODS IN PROFESSIONAL TRAINING. Solution of social problems in management and economy, 2(10), 31-42.

Djalilova, Z. (2023). THE USE OF LATIN TERMINOLOGY IN MEDICAL CASE. Академические исследования в современной науке, 2(14), 9-15.

Navruzova, Sh.I., Akhmedov, A.T. “AUTOIMPLANTATION OF THYMUS IN SURGICAL CORRECTION OF CONGENITAL HEART DEFECTS" CENTRAL ASIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL AND NATURAL SCIENCES, - 2021. – Vol. 2.3 - (2021). – P.: 88-98.

Navruzova, Sh.I., Akhmedov, AT “"AUTOIMPLANTATION OF THYMUS IN SURGICAL CORRECTION OF CONGENITAL HEART DEFECTS." CENTRAL ASIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL AND NATURAL SCIENCES, - 2021. - Vol. 2.3 - (2021). – P.: 88-98.

Ахмедов А.Т., Особенности иммунной системы при врожденных пороков сердца, // EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MODERN MEDICINE AND PRACTICE. – 2022. Vol. 2 No. 3 EJMMP. – С. 35-40. [Akhmedov A. T., Features of the immune system in congenital heart defects, // EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MODERN MEDICINE AND PRACTICE. – 2022. Vol. 2 no. 3 EJMMP. – pp. 35-40 [in Russian]

Ахмедов А.Т., Сравнительная оценка иммунологических параметров лабораторных животных аутоимплантации тимуса в динамике наблюдения, // EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MODERN MEDICINE AND PRACTICE. – 2022. - Vol. 2 No. 3: EJMMP. C. 40-45 [Akhmedov A. T., Comparative evaluation of the immunological parameters of laboratory animals after thymus autoimplantation in the dynamics of observation, // EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MODERN MEDICINE AND PRACTICE. - 2022. - Vol. 2 no. 3: EJMMP. C. 40-45 in Russian]

Хидоятов, Б.А. Микроциркуляторное русло кишечника и поджелудочной железы и его особенности при экспериментальном сахарном диабете / Б. А. Хидоятов, А. Т. Ахмедов // Морфология. – 2008. – Т. 133. – № 2. – С. 145-146. – EDN JUTXTT.7. Otto CM, Pearlman AS Textbook of clinical echocardiography. Philadelphia: WB Saunders Co.; 1995:418.

A.T.Akhmedov Kh.M.Aberaev Influence of coronavirus infection covid-19 to a echocardographic changes in patients with a surveyof pneumonia // Академические исследования в современной науке. – 2023. - Том 2 № 20. – стр. 57-59

AKHMEDOV , A. (2023). FUNCTIONING OF IMMUNE SYSTEM OF BABIES WITH CONGENITAL HEART DEFECTS. Евразийский журнал медицинских и естественных наук, 3(6 Part 2), 103–110.

Джалилова, З. (2023). The notion of illocution in the theory of speech acts by John Austin. Современные тенденции при обучении иностранному языку в XXI веке, 1(1).

Obidovna, D. Z. (2023). ADAPTING TEACHING METHODS TO MODERN EDUCATIONAL TRENDS: PEDAGOGICAL ASPECT. International Journal of Pedagogics, 3(10), 72-77.

Akhmedov, A., & Aberaev , K. (2023). INFLUENCE OF CONGENITAL HEART DEFECTS IN A FUNCTIONING OF IMMUNE SYSTEM OF BABIES. International Bulletin of Medical Sciences and Clinical Research, 3(8), 15–21.

Nuriddinov S.S. (2023). CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CHRONIC COLSTASIS IN CHILDREN. International Journal of Medical Sciences And Clinical Research, 3(05), 75–83. https://doi.org/10.37547/ijmscr/Volume03Issue05-11