Volume 03 Issue 10-2023
30
International Journal of Medical Sciences And Clinical Research
(ISSN
–
2771-2265)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
10
P
AGES
:
30-34
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
694
)
(2022:
5.
893
)
(2023:
6.
184
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ABSTRACT
In this article you will get information about Polymyelitis, which currently has its place within insfection diseases.
through this article , you will be given the necessary information about what kind of infeskia Polymyelitis is in itself ,
its spread, transmission routes and Prevention.
KEYWORDS
Poliomyelitis, infection, blood, Gavi , GPEI .
INTRODUCTION
Poliomyelitis (polio) is a highly infectious viral disease
that largely affects children under 5 years of age. The
virus is transmitted by person-to-person spread mainly
through the faecal-oral route or, less frequently, by a
common vehicle (e.g. contaminated water or food)
and multiplies in the intestine, from where it can invade
the nervous system and cause paralysis.
Wild poliovirus cases have decreased by over 99% since
1988, from an estimated 350 000 cases in more than
125 endemic countries to 6 reported cases in 2021. Of
the 3 strains of wild poliovirus (type 1, type 2 and type
3), wild poliovirus type 2 was eradicated in 1999 and
wild poliovirus type 3 was eradicated in 2020. As at
2022, endemic wild poliovirus type 1 remains in two
countries: Pakistan and Afghanistan.
Polio is a highly infectious disease caused by a virus. It
invades the nervous system and can cause total
paralysis in a matter of hours. The virus is transmitted
Research Article
POLIOMYELITIS INFECTION, PATHOGENESIS AND STATISTICS ON THE
WORLD
Submission Date:
October 06, 2023,
Accepted Date:
October 11, 2023,
Published Date:
October 16, 2023
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ijmscr/Volume03Issue10-06
Soliyev Mukhammadjon
Student Of Andijan State Medical Institute, Andijan, Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ijmscr
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 03 Issue 10-2023
31
International Journal of Medical Sciences And Clinical Research
(ISSN
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2771-2265)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
10
P
AGES
:
30-34
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
694
)
(2022:
5.
893
)
(2023:
6.
184
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
by person-to-person spread mainly through the faecal-
oral route or, less frequently, by a common vehicle (for
example, contaminated water or food) and multiplies
in the intestine. Initial symptoms are fever, fatigue,
headache, vomiting, stiffness of the neck and pain in
the limbs. One in 200 infections leads to irreversible
paralysis (usually in the legs). Among those paralysed,
5
–
10% die when their breathing muscles become
immobilized.
Polio mainly affects children under 5 years of age.
However, anyone of any age who is unvaccinated can
contract the disease.
There is no cure for polio, it can only be prevented.
Polio vaccine, given multiple times, can protect a child
for life. There are two vaccines available: oral polio
vaccine and inactivated polio vaccine. Both are
effective and safe, and both are used in different
combinations worldwide, depending on local
epidemiological and programmatic circumstances, to
ensure the best possible protection to populations can
be provided.
The strategies for polio eradication work when they
are fully implemented. This is clearly demonstrated by
the successful eradication of the disease in most
countries of the world.
The Polio Eradication Strategy 2022
–
2026 lays out the
roadmap to securing a lasting and sustained world,
free of all polioviruses, and transition and polio post-
certification efforts are ongoing to assure that the
infrastructure built up to eradicate polio will continue
to benefit broader public health efforts, long after the
disease is gone.
Key to success is ensuring the Strategy is fully
implemented in all areas and is fully resourced. Failure
to implement strategic approaches, however, leads to
ongoing transmission of the virus. Endemic
transmission of wild poliovirus is continuing in areas of
Afghanistan and Pakistan. Failure to stop polio in these
last remaining areas could result in global resurgence
of the disease. That is why it is critical to ensure polio is
eradicated completely, once and for all.
Poliovirus is highly infectious. The incubation period is
usually 7
–
10 days but can range from 4
–
35 days. The
virus enters the div through the mouth and multiplies
in the intestine. It then invades the nervous system. Up
to 90% of those infected experience no or mild
symptoms and the disease usually goes unrecognized.
In others, initial symptoms include fever, fatigue,
headache, vomiting, stiffness in the neck, and pain in
the limbs. These symptoms usually last for 2
–
10 days
and most recovery is complete in almost all cases.
However, in the remaining proportion of cases the
virus causes paralysis, usually of the legs, which is most
often permanent. Paralysis can occur as rapidly as
within a few hours of infection. Of those paralysed, 5-
10% die when their breathing muscles become
immobilized.
Volume 03 Issue 10-2023
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International Journal of Medical Sciences And Clinical Research
(ISSN
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VOLUME
03
ISSUE
10
P
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30-34
SJIF
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FACTOR
(2021:
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(2022:
5.
893
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(2023:
6.
184
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
The virus is shed by infected people (usually children)
through faeces, where it can spread quickly, especially
in areas with poor hygiene and sanitation systems.
Healthcare providers who suspect a patient has polio
should hospitalize the patient right away, do a physical
exam, take detailed medical history, including
vaccination history and history of any recent travel,
collect samples (stool, throat swab, blood, urine, and
spinal fluid), and obtain a magnetic resonance imaging
(MRI) to look at pictures of the spinal cord. Poliovirus
is most likely to be detected in stool specimens.
Once polio is eradicated, the world can celebrate the
delivery of a major global public good that will benefit
all people equally, no matter where they live. Economic
modelling has found that the eradication of polio
would save at least US$ 40
–
50 billion, mostly in low-
income countries. Most importantly, success will mean
that no child will ever again suffer the terrible effects
of lifelong polio-paralysis.
The global effort to eradicate polio has been declared
a Public Health Initiative of International Concern,
under the International Health Regulations, and
temporary recommendations by an Emergency
Committee under the International Health Regulations
have been issued to countries affect by poliovirus
transmission or are at high risk of re-emergence of the
disease.
The polio effort continues to support broader public
health efforts, including helping respond to natural
disasters, humanitarian emergencies, droughts,
earthquakes, outbreaks of other infectious diseases
and supporting disease surveillance for broader public
health initiatives. The GPEI continues to support
response to the global COVID-19 pandemic, including
helping with disease surveillance, laboratory capacity
and vaccine introduction and roll-out.
There is no cure for polio; it can only be prevented by
immunization. The polio vaccine, given multiple times,
can protect a child for life. More than 20 million people
are able to walk today who would otherwise have been
paralysed, since 1988, when the Global Polio
Eradication Initiative was launched. An estimated 1.5
million childhood deaths have been prevented through
the systematic administration of vitamin A during polio
immunization activities.
Treatments for polio focus on limiting and alleviating
symptoms. Heat and physical therapy can be used to
stimulate the muscles and antispasmodic drugs are
used to relax the effected muscles. This can improve
mobility but does not reverse permanent polio
paralysis.
Vaccination is crucial in the fight against polio. Failure
to implement strategic approaches leads to ongoing
transmission of the virus. Endemic transmission of wild
poliovirus is continuing to cause cases in border areas
Volume 03 Issue 10-2023
33
International Journal of Medical Sciences And Clinical Research
(ISSN
–
2771-2265)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
10
P
AGES
:
30-34
SJIF
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MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
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(2022:
5.
893
)
(2023:
6.
184
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
of Afghanistan and Pakistan. Failure to stop polio in
these last remaining areas could result in as many as
200 000 new cases every year within 10 years, all over
the world. That is why it is critical to ensure polio is
eradicated completely, once and for all.
There is no cure for paralytic polio and no specific
treatment.
Physical or occupational therapy can help with arm or
leg weakness caused by polio and might improve long-
term outcomes, especially if implemented early in the
course of illness. Healthcare providers should consider
consulting neurology and infectious disease experts to
discuss possible treatments and recommend certain
interventions on a case-by-case basis.
If you think you or someone in your family has
symptoms of polio, please call your healthcare
provider right away or go to an emergency room.
WHO, together with its GPEI partners, continues to
support countries which remain affected by poliovirus
or are at high risk of polio re-emergence in
implementing eradication strategies, focusing in the
first instance on
immunization
and disease
surveillance. Since the GPEI was launched, the number
of cases has fallen by over 99%.
In 1994, the WHO Region of the Americas was certified
polio-free, followed by the WHO Western Pacific
Region in 2000 and the WHO European Region in June
2002. On 27 March 2014, the WHO South-East Asia
Region was certified polio-free, meaning that
transmission of wild poliovirus has been interrupted in
this bloc of 11 countries stretching from Indonesia to
India. In 2020, Africa became the fifth region to be
certified wild poliovirus-free.
Almost 20 million people are able to walk today who
would otherwise have been paralysed. An estimated
1.5 million childhood deaths have been prevented
through the systematic administration of vitamin A
during polio immunization activities.
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International Journal of Medical Sciences And Clinical Research
(ISSN
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VOLUME
03
ISSUE
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P
AGES
:
30-34
SJIF
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MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
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)
(2022:
5.
893
)
(2023:
6.
184
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
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