Volume 03 Issue 02-2023
88
International Journal of Medical Sciences And Clinical Research
(ISSN
–
2771-2265)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
02
P
AGES
:
88-91
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
694
)
(2022:
5.
893
)
(2023:
6.
184
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ABSTRACT
Migraine is a disease manifested by attacks of severe headaches. Often, the pain is one-sided, pulsating, increases
with physical exertion and may be accompanied by nausea and hypersensitivity to light, sound and smells. The
precursors of migraines last from a few minutes to an hour. During this period, a person's balance, sensitivity,
coordination of movements, speech and vision may be disturbed. Migraines usually begin during puberty and weaken
after 50 years. Tension migraine is an incorrect term that is sometimes used to refer to tension headaches. Tension
headaches are associated with stress or musculoskeletal neck problems. This type of headache is characterized by
squeezing or squeezing pain, as from a tight bandage around the head. The pain may start from the neck or spread to
it.
Research Article
MIGRAINE: BASIC PRINCIPLES OF TREATMENT AND PREVENTION
Submission Date:
February 18, 2023,
Accepted Date:
February 23, 2023,
Published Date:
February 28, 2023
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ijmscr/Volume03Issue02-17
Jamolbek A. Djuraev
Tashkent Medical Academy, Uzbekistan
Shokhimardon Kh. Khodjanov
Tashkent Medical Academy, Uzbekistan
Nazim A. Akhundjanov
Tashkent Medical Academy, Uzbekistan
Abdurasul J. Botirov
Tashkent Medical Academy, Uzbekistan
Azizkhon Z. Shaumarov
Tashkent Medical Academy, Uzbekistan
Mukhammadaziz V. Tursunov
Kimyo International University In Tashkent, Uzbekistan
Islam B. Ibragimov
Kimyo International University In Tashkent, Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ijmscr
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 03 Issue 02-2023
89
International Journal of Medical Sciences And Clinical Research
(ISSN
–
2771-2265)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
02
P
AGES
:
88-91
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
694
)
(2022:
5.
893
)
(2023:
6.
184
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
KEYWORDS
Migraine, headache.
INTRODUCTION
Migraine is a disease manifested by high
—
intensity
headache attacks that complicate daily activity, of a
pulsating nature, periodically recurring, localized
mainly in one half of the head, mainly in the orbital-
frontal-temporal region, in most cases accompanied by
poor tolerance of bright light (photophobia), loud
sounds (phonophobia), nausea, vomiting, lethargy
after an attack. Almost all people (according to world
statistics, 75-80%) have suffered a migraine attack at
least once in their lives. Migraine affects women more
often, in a ratio of 3:1. The typical age of migraine onset
is 18-33 years. However, there are descriptions of
migraine attacks in children aged 5 years, which is
much less common.After the age of 50, migraine as an
independent disease is quite rare, but in the literature
there are descriptions of cases of typical migraine that
occurred in patients older than 60 years. At the same
time, it is noted that migraine in older people occurs in
almost equal numbers of cases in both men and
women. However, when typical signs of migraine occur
in patients over 50 years of age, the diagnosis of
migraine should be a diagnosis of exclusion and can be
established only after a thorough neurological
examination and exclusion of other causes of
headache (tension headache, brain tumors, vascular
diseases
of
the
brain,
arteriovenous
malformations).Hereditary factors play a significant
role in the occurrence of migraine: migraine occurs
much more often in relatives of patients than in the
population; in the presence of migraine in both
parents, the risk of children's disease reaches 60-90%),
while the leading role belongs to the mother: the risk
of children's disease is 72%. There is an opinion about
the inheritance not of the disease itself, but of a
predisposition to a certain type of response of the
vascular system to various stimuli. In the Modern
International Classification of Diseases (ICD
—
X) 1988
there are migraines without aura (previously
—
a
simple migraine), which occurs in 70% of cases, and
migraines with aura (associated), in which a pain attack
is preceded by neurological symptoms (visual, sensory,
motor disorders). Migraine with aura is much less
common (30% of cases). It is divided into subtypes
depending on the aura: typical (previously classical
ophthalmic migraine), with a prolonged aura, with an
acute onset of aura, migraine with an aura without
subsequent headache, while the aura is often
represented by visual disturbances and alternates with
typical migraine attacks. Also, there are forms of
migraine: ophthalmoplegic, retinal, basilar, etc.
THE PURPOSE OF THE WORK
To study and summarize the available literature data
on the prevalence of migraine in women
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The author of this article conducted a practice in the
clinic «CITY MED» among patients suffering from
migraine.
THE MAIN PART
Migraine is a neurological disease. It manifests itself in
seizures, which can occur with varying frequency
—
Volume 03 Issue 02-2023
90
International Journal of Medical Sciences And Clinical Research
(ISSN
–
2771-2265)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
02
P
AGES
:
88-91
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
694
)
(2022:
5.
893
)
(2023:
6.
184
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
from 1-2 times a year to several times a month. The
main manifestation of a migraine attack is a headache,
which can be very severe. Other common
manifestations include nausea and vomiting, as well as
intolerance to light and sounds. If during the head
If you are sick, irritated by light or sound and a
headache disrupts your usual activity, then most likely
it is a migraine. Why does migraine occur? The cause of
migraines lies in the brain. Migraine pain is associated
with disorders in the structures that are responsible for
conducting pain and other sensations. There is a
hereditary predisposition to the development of
migraines: that is, you can inherit it from one of your
parents. Who has a migraine? Migraine affects every
seventh adult, so the disease is quite common. Women
have migraines three times more often than men.
Usually the disease begins in childhood or adolescence.
In girls, migraine usually begins during puberty. Since
there is a hereditary predisposition to the development
of migraines, this disease is transmitted from
generation to generation. How does migraine manifest
itself? All migraine symptoms occur during an attack,
which has four stages of development, although not all
of them can be fully represented. Between attacks,
most people with migraines feel good.
The phase of the precursors of migraine (prodrome)
occurs before all other symptoms of the attack and in
no more than half of the patients. If you have a
prodrome, then you may feel irritability, depression or
fatigue for several hours or even a couple of days
before the headache develops. Some, on the contrary,
may notice an unusual increase in activity. Some
people may have an increased appetite, some "just
know" that they will develop an attack. The aura, if
there is one, is the next phase. Only a third of migraine
patients have ever noticed an aura, and it may not
develop in every attack. Aura is a reflection of a certain
process (transient and not dangerous to health)
occurring in the brain and associated with the
mechanism of a migraine attack. It lasts 10-30 minutes,
but it can be longer. Most often there is a visual aura.
You can "see" blind spots, flashes light or a multi-
colored zigzag line extending from the center of the
field of view to the periphery. Less often, sensitive
symptoms occur
—
a tingling sensation or numbness
that occurs in the fingertips on one side, spreads up to
the shoulder, sometimes passes to the cheek or
tongue on the same side. Sensitive symptoms are
almost always accompanied by visual disturbances. In
addition, during the aura there are difficulties in speech
or difficulties in choosing words. The headache phase
is the most severe for most people, it lasts from several
hours to 2-3 days.
Migraine headache is usually very severe, more often
occurs in one half of the head, but it can take over the
entire head. Most often, pain occurs in the frontal or
temporal region, although it can be localized in any
part of the head. Usually it is a throbbing or bursting
pain, which increases with movement and physical
exertion. Nausea and even vomiting often occur, which
subjectively relieves the headache. During an attack,
light and sounds can be unpleasant, most patients
prefer to stay alone in a quiet and darkened room. The
headache phase is followed by the resolution phase.
During this period, you may again feel tired, irritable or
depressed, it is difficult for you to concentrate. These
symptoms may persist for a day before you feel
completely healthy. What causes migraines? There are
a lot of causes of migraines and they are very diverse:
Diet: some foods (and alcohol), but only in some
patients; much more often, an attack can be caused by
skipping meals, inadequate nutrition, caffeine
withdrawal and insufficient water intake Sleep:
changing sleep patterns, both lack of sleep and
excessive sleep. Other life factors: intense physical
Volume 03 Issue 02-2023
91
International Journal of Medical Sciences And Clinical Research
(ISSN
–
2771-2265)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
02
P
AGES
:
88-91
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
694
)
(2022:
5.
893
)
(2023:
6.
184
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
activity, long journeys, especially with the change of
time zones. External: bright or flickering light, pungent
odors, weather changes.
Psychological: emotional tension or, oddly enough,
relaxation after stress. Hormonal factors in women:
menstruation, hormonal contraceptives and hormone
replacement therapy. One of the common causes of
migraines is hunger or insufficient food intake. This is
especially true for young patients
—
children suffering
from migraines should not skip breakfast! In women, a
significant potential cause is hormone fluctuations
associated with the menstrual cycle. What treatment
can be used? Medications that are used to relieve an
existing migraine attack are called migraine relief
drugs. Properly selected medications can be very
effective if taken correctly and in small quantities.
These drugs include over-the-counter analgesics, most
of which contain aspirin, ibuprofen or paracetamol;
among them, paracetamol is the least effective.
Soluble forms of these drugs, for example, in the form
of effervescent tablets, act faster and better.
CONCLUSION
The obtained data makes it possible to recommend the
study of the neurological structure of the skull to clarify
the issues of the pathogenesis, the features of the
neurological course and the prognosis of chronic
migraine diseases.
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