Volume 03 Issue 01-2023
1
International Journal of Medical Sciences And Clinical Research
(ISSN
–
2771-2265)
VOLUME
03
I
SSUE
01
P
AGES
:
01-06
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
694
)
(2022:
5.
893
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ABSTRACT
Modern educational technology in higher education is about problem-based learning, research and problem-solving.
The purpose of problem-based learning is to find answers to educational problems, problems and questions in the
process of working with students, to acquire new knowledge by solving them, to create and solve problem situations
in the educational activities of students. With the help of problem-based learning, students develop a research
approach to solving learning problems and specialization issues, the formation of independent learning skills.
KEYWORDS
Terminology, Latin, gender, medical field, profession, pharmacy, clinical terminology.
INTRODUCTION
Research Article
MODERN EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGIES AND ITS PROBLEMS
Submission Date:
January 04, 2023,
Accepted Date:
January 09, 2023,
Published Date:
January 14, 2023
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ijmscr/Volume03Issue01-01
Makhamadjanova Muyassar Shamansurovna
Tashkent Medical Academy, Teacher Of The Department Of Uzbek And Foreign Languages, Uzbekistan
Tukhtakhodjaeva Feruza Shamansurovna
Tashkent Medical Academy, Assistant Of The Department Of Biomedical Engineering, Biophysics And
Informatics, Uzbekistan
Shirinkulova Shafoat Malikovna
Tashkent Medical Academy, Senior Teacher Of The Department Of Uzbek And Foreign Languages Tashkent,
Republic Of Uzbekistan
Zakirova Mukhlisakhon Makhamadovna
Tashkent State Technical University, Assistant Of The Department Of Foreign Language, Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ijmscr
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 03 Issue 01-2023
2
International Journal of Medical Sciences And Clinical Research
(ISSN
–
2771-2265)
VOLUME
03
I
SSUE
01
P
AGES
:
01-06
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
694
)
(2022:
5.
893
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
A systematic approach to this process is considered an
important condition for increasing the effectiveness of
the educational process in higher educational
institutions, and the following types of lessons are
recommended for teachers:
1. Lecture (introductory lecture, thematic lecture,
summarizing lecture) training.
2. Seminar (consolidating knowledge, intended for
independent acquisition of new knowledge) classes.
3. Modular lesson.
4. Problem (brainstorming) lessons.
5. Discussion (scientific discussion and free thinking)
lessons.
6. Didactic-game (plot-role, creative, business,
conferences, game exercises) classes.
7. Test (didactic cards, test tasks, mutual control sheet
with the help of control e-software) lessons.
The unique aspect of these lessons is during the lesson
based on the presented problem situations.
Problem-based education means the creation of a
problem situation under the guidance of a teacher, and
the organization of an educational process that allows
the creative assimilation of knowledge, skills and
abilities and the development of mental activity as a
result of the active independent activity of students.
Also, the essence of problem-based teaching is the
teacher's management of students' cognitive activities
in order to acquire new knowledge by creating a
problem situation in their educational work and solving
educational tasks, problems and questions. This
creates a scientific-research method of acquiring
knowledge.
The success of problem-based learning depends on the
following factors:
1. Problematization of educational material;
2. Activation of students' cognitive activity;
3. Harmonizing the educational process with play and
work;
4. Having the ability to effectively use problematic
methods by the teacher;
5. Compile a chain of problematic questions about
solving a problem situation and explain to students in
a logical sequence.
Problem methods create problem situations and
require active cognitive activities based on the
activation of knowledge and skills of analyzing
individual objects, phenomena and laws in the process
of solving problems and finding answers to complex
questions.
The problematic situation arises in specific teaching
conditions, which are organized according to the
purpose of certain pedagogical tools, and it is
necessary to develop special methods of creating such
situations based on the characteristics of the studied
topics. A problem situation in teaching is not just a
state of mental strain associated with an "unexpected
obstacle in the path of thought", but it is a state of
mental tension specifically required by the goals of
knowledge. At the basis of such a situation are traces
of previously acquired knowledge and methods of
mental and practical action to solve a new task. In this
case, if any difficulty is not related to the problem
situation, that is, if the new knowledge is not related to
the previous knowledge, then the mental effort is not
problematic. The problematic situation is different
from any thinking difficulties, in which the student
Volume 03 Issue 01-2023
3
International Journal of Medical Sciences And Clinical Research
(ISSN
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2771-2265)
VOLUME
03
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P
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01-06
SJIF
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FACTOR
(2021:
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(2022:
5.
893
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OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
realizes the internal, hidden connections of the
concept or fact, which required difficulty, to the task,
problem known to him before and at the same time.
Signs of a problem situation are:
- existence of a fact unfamiliar to the student;
- instructions given to the student to perform the tasks,
their personal interest in solving the cognitive
difficulties that have arisen.
During problem solving situations, the teacher directs
the activity of students to logical operations of
thinking: analysis, synthesis, comparison, analogy,
generalization, classification and conclusion.
Problem situations can be used at all stages of the
learning process: new topic statement, reinforcement
and control of knowledge. In cases where the system
of problem situations has been successfully created, it
is recommended to pass this topic in the form of a
problem lesson. In order to apply problem-based
lessons to the teaching process, the teacher will have
to solve the following issues:
- which subjects of the curriculum can be passed in the
form of a problem lesson;
- identification of questions and tasks that cause a
problematic situation regarding the issues in the
subject text, in which didactics adhere to the principles
of scientificity, systematicity, logic, sequence,
consistency;
- necessity of determining the tools and methods that
ensure the activation and management of students'
cognitive activities, to determine the ways of their
proper and effective use.
The teacher determines the didactic purpose of the
studied chapters and topics, the type of training that
will be highly effective based on the educational
content, plans the calendar topics from the beginning
of the academic year.
Modern educational technology in higher educational
institutions is problem-based teaching, research and
problem solving. And educational technology consists
in stimulating the process of active learning of the
developing educational process, the problem teaching
task, conducting research and educating the way of
thinking. The process of problem-based teaching is
widely used in the work practice of higher educational
institutions in accordance with the goals of training the
creative activity of a person, together with problem-
based teaching, such as illustrative explanatory
technology, information technology and programmed
educational technology.
In the process of problem-based learning, the role of
independence of the student is more effective than in
reproductive learning methods. The goal of problem-
based teaching is to search for answers to educational
issues, problems and questions in the process of
working with students, to acquire new knowledge with
ways to solve them, to create and solve problematic
situations in the educational activities of students, and
teachers (pedagogues) to arouse interest in them.
consists of getting
Professor N.N.Azizkhojaeva defined the meaning of
the problematic situation as follows, i.e., the
problematic situation is a dialectical conflict between
information, knowledge and new evidence, events,
situations, and the lack of previous knowledge to
understand
them.
These
contradictions
(misunderstandings) serve as a driving force for
mastering creative knowledge.
The nature of the problem situation in the educational
process is as follows:
Volume 03 Issue 01-2023
4
International Journal of Medical Sciences And Clinical Research
(ISSN
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2771-2265)
VOLUME
03
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01-06
SJIF
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FACTOR
(2021:
5.
694
)
(2022:
5.
893
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OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
- the presence of unknown news for students;
- solving problems by themselves;
- try to learn the misunderstandings caused by their
personal interests and needs;
- such as trying to find out what is unknown,
understand its meaning, and solve it.
Analyzing and thinking about the encountered
problems is one of the important requirements for the
development of independent mental activity of
students. This type of reasoning makes the student
realize that he/she has not understood this and focuses
on seriously paying attention to the meaning of this
sentence.
It is also important for the teacher to clearly
understand his educational activities in organizing and
conducting problem-based education. The teacher
should not give ready-made ideas to the students, but
should give the right direction to their search. Students
should aim to have an independent opinion by
analyzing events, messages, incidents and various
evidences encountered in classes and in everyday life.
Also, problem-based education in higher and
secondary special educational institutions creates an
opportunity to have a great positive impact on
students' research activities, deep acquisition of
knowledge and skills, and their outlook on the changes
around them.
In the problem-based education system, the teacher
organizes the educational and research activities of the
students in such a way that their attention is focused
on solving the difficulties and shortcomings that have
arisen, independently analyzing various information,
finding
solutions,
summarizing
and
drawing
conclusions, and applying the knowledge and skills
they have acquired in the next situations. should be
aimed at receiving. Therefore, as a result of this, it
allows students to think independently, gain
knowledge, set new goals, learn new ways of thinking,
and develop their thinking. Students study educational
materials in the process of problem-based education,
independently analyze relevant information, put
forward hypotheses of given educational issues and
solve them with ways of proof, intelligently try to
master the educational process, increases their
intellectual activity.
The activity of the teacher in problem classes is to
identify educational problems based on the content of
the subject, to create a system of problem situations,
to present educational problems to students at a high
scientific and methodical level, to achieve effective use
of these educational problems in the lesson, to direct
the activity of students to solving problems.
Students' activities will consist of perceiving
problematic situations, searching for solutions,
analyzing the problem, putting forward assumptions,
justifying assumptions from a scientific and logical
point of view, checking assumptions and drawing
conclusions.
The didactic purpose of modern problem classes is as
follows:
a) The skills of acquiring new knowledge by creatively
applying the previously acquired knowledge by
students in solving educational problems;
b) Skills of creative assimilation and practical
application of knowledge;
c) It consists in developing inquisitiveness, interest,
motives, logical thinking, creative activity, mental
maturity, intelligence.
Volume 03 Issue 01-2023
5
International Journal of Medical Sciences And Clinical Research
(ISSN
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2771-2265)
VOLUME
03
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01-06
SJIF
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FACTOR
(2021:
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(2022:
5.
893
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OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
A problem-based exercise involves a problematic
situation and includes all the stages of a traditional
lesson: checking homework, special oral exercises,
setting a lesson goal for students, preparing and
studying new educational material, connecting new
and previously learned material, strengthening the
exercise. such as completing and giving homework.
The process of gathering facts about the newly learned
laws and regulations, comparing and analyzing them
with each other, learning and strengthening
knowledge is carried out in the problem classes.
There are three conditions for problem-based learning
in education:
1. Systematic, orderly development of educational
materials in the organization of problem-based
education.
2. Giving the opportunity to choose the methods of
solving the task when given.
3. A student should be able to correctly evaluate his
knowledge in order to set a goal for learning and
achieve his goal.
A number of didactic goals are also envisaged when
creating a problem situation in the educational
process, namely;
a) students' attention is drawn to the educational
material;
b) arousing interest in science in students;
c) revitalizing their development activities;
d) put before them issues that develop mental activity;
e) demonstrate, based on evidence, that the
knowledge that students need to learn is insufficient;
f) teaching to analyze educational materials;
g) to help them in finding ways to solve problems in
teaching.
Problem situations in the educational process are
divided into several types:
1. Students cannot find a solution to the problem in
front of them, when a problematic question arises,
they cannot answer it in time, they have difficulties in
understanding a new topic.
2. Students cannot apply their previously acquired
knowledge when new conditions and situations arise.
3. Contradictions arise between their theoretical
solution to the problem and the implementation of this
chosen method.
4. The lack of knowledge between the results of the
tasks performed by the students and their theoretical
understanding also leads to problematic situations.
In order for problem-based teaching to be effective
and appropriate in the educational process, it is
necessary to make it a part of the basis of the
educational process and educational work. With the
help of problem-based education, students are trained
to develop a research approach to solving educational
problems and specialized issues, and the ability to learn
independently.
Thus, problem-based education helps students to
effectively master knowledge systems and mental and
practical activities, to use their new knowledge
effectively in future situations, to solve educational
problems, to teach independent research, to have
creative experience and to develop it, to analyze the
Volume 03 Issue 01-2023
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(ISSN
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VOLUME
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SJIF
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OCLC
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1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
tasks of the educational process. does, opens up
opportunities to identify problematic learning.
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