Volume 04 Issue 09-2024
53
International Journal of Medical Sciences And Clinical Research
(ISSN
–
2771-2265)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
09
P
AGES
:
53-57
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ABSTRACT
This work provides a general overview of load in athlete training. Excessive physical activity requires a certain amount
of energy expenditure. The magnitude of force is dependent on the size of the load, which after a certain time leads
to fatigue and the need for recovery. Training involves energy expenditure and fatigue, while also promoting recovery
processes. These processes not only lead to full recovery but also ensure supercompensation, which fully restores
work capacity under submaximal and maximal loads.
KEYWORDS
Training, load, strength, speed, endurance, agility, flexibility, athlete, small, medium, significant, large load, energy
expenditure, full recovery, submaximal, maximal, mental tension, load magnitude, repetition of training exercises,
movement speed, tempo, carried weight.
INTRODUCTION
Performing any physical exercise is associated with
shifting the div to a significantly higher level of
functional activity. Thus, "training load" refers to the
div's additional activity.
Excessive physical activity requires a certain amount of
energy expenditure, and the magnitude of this energy
expenditure depends on the size of the load. Over
time, this leads to fatigue and the need for recovery.
The training load not only causes energy expenditure
Research Article
GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF LOAD IN ATHLETE TRAINING
Submission Date:
Sep 20, 2024,
Accepted Date:
Sep 25, 2024,
Published Date:
Sep 30, 2024
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ijmscr/Volume04Issue09-08
Razzoqova Mushtariy
Master's student at the Faculty of Taekwondo and Sports Activities at the National University of Uzbekistan
(UzNU), Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ijmscr
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 04 Issue 09-2024
54
International Journal of Medical Sciences And Clinical Research
(ISSN
–
2771-2265)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
09
P
AGES
:
53-57
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
and fatigue but also activates recovery processes,
which,
along
with
full
recovery,
ensure
supercompensation that fully restores work capacity
under submaximal and maximal loads.
The following types of loads are distinguished:
• Developmental load
–
ensures significant positive
changes of a structural nature in the athlete's div.
• Stabilizing load
–
consolidates the achieved state of
adaptation.
At the same time, the concept of "training load" refers
to the degree of impact the exercise has on the
athlete's div, primarily determining the quantitative
level of this impact. It is essential to distinguish
between low, moderate, significant, and high loads.
In sports practice, the loads applied are divided by their
characteristics into training and competition loads,
those that are typical for a particular sport
specialization, and those that are unusual. Depending
on the developmental impact, they serve to develop
strength, speed, endurance, agility, flexibility, and their
combinations. Regarding psychological stress, they
require either high or low levels of mental tension.
Based on the impact on the athlete’s div, loads are
categorized as small, moderate, significant, or large.
It is customary to differentiate between external and
internal indicators of load.
The external aspect of the load includes factors such as
the duration of exercise, the number of repetitions of
training exercises, the speed of movement, the tempo,
the weight being lifted, and so on.
Table 1
Types and Characteristics of Load
Loads
Yuklama kattalik mezonlari
Hal etilishi lozim
boʻlgan vazifalar
Small
1st phase of work capacity before
actual fatigue begins, 15-20% of work
performed
Maintain the achieved level of fitness;
accelerate recovery processes after
previous loads
Volume 04 Issue 09-2024
55
International Journal of Medical Sciences And Clinical Research
(ISSN
–
2771-2265)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
09
P
AGES
:
53-57
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
Medium
2nd phase of work capacity before
actual fatigue begins, 40-60% of work
performed
Maintain the achieved level of fitness;
solve specific training tasks
Significant
Hidden compensated fatigue phase
before actual fatigue begins, 60-70% of
work performed
Increase in fitness level
Big
The onset of actual fatigue
Increase in fitness level
External indicators of the load
guide the coach and
athlete, determining the quantitative parameters of
certain exercises and training tasks. These are used in
planning and accounting for training efforts.
Internal indicators of the load
refer to the degree of
the div's functional capacities, such as heart rate
(HR), respiratory volume, blood pressure, and other
metrics.
The internal indicators of load
—
the indicators of
functional shifts in the div
—
allow for an accurate
assessment of the appropriate volume of training
loads and the dynamics of changes in the athlete's
div under the influence of training loads.
The size of the training load
is determined by the result
of its intensity, tension, and volume. An increase in
these factors can continue to a certain point, after
which an increase in intensity will lead to a decrease in
volume or vice versa.
Volume
refers to the duration of the load's impact and
the total amount of work performed during individual
or multiple exercises, training sessions, phases, stages,
or cycles.
Intensity
refers to the magnitude of tension and force
exerted in each exercise situation, including speed,
number of repetitions, etc.
The impact of the load on the athlete's div depends
not only on external factors such as volume and
intensity, but also on the psychological aspects
—
specifically, the complexity of sensations and
coordination during the exercises.
In practice, several methods are used to assess the
complexity of the load.
It is well known that the training process includes rest.
Rest becomes an integral part of training only when it
is carried out according to specific principles. Too short
or too long rest periods disrupt the structure of the
Volume 04 Issue 09-2024
56
International Journal of Medical Sciences And Clinical Research
(ISSN
–
2771-2265)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
09
P
AGES
:
53-57
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
training, leading to either overtraining or insufficient
training. Therefore, the organization of rest periods in
sports training is crucial, creating a need for a balanced
coordination of load and rest.
Rest in the training process serves two primary
functions:
1. It helps restore work capacity after training loads.
2. It improves the effectiveness of the load and serves
as one of the best tools for optimizing the results.
By increasing or decreasing the rest period between
exercises, the overall cumulative effect of the load can
be adjusted.
The interval between recovery phases in training
sessions should always end before the phase of re-
reduction
begins,
which
occurs
after
the
supercompensation phase.
The duration of recovery processes often depends on
the direction of the training. For instance, after speed
or coordination-focused training, as well as exercises
aimed at improving speed-strength qualities or
technique, recovery occurs more quickly. Typically,
recovery is completed within 2-3 days after high-
intensity training sessions in these areas.
If the training is endurance-focused, significant
changes occur in the athlete’s div, and thus the
recovery process is slower, taking 5-7 days.
The speed of recovery processes also depends on the
frequency of training and the athlete's level of skill.
Recovery in highly specialized athletes is 1.5-3 times
faster than in athletes of lower qualification (II or III
ranks).
The personal characteristics of the athlete’s div and
the overall size of the load also influence the duration
of recovery processes.
Global achievements in sports necessitate changes in
the methodology and content of training processes,
particularly in increasing both the volume and intensity
of training loads.
REFERENCES
1.
Salamov R.S. “Jismoniy tarbiya nazariyasi va
uslubiyati”. 1 jild. Darslik.
ITA-PRESS. T.-2014.
2.
Salamov R.S. “Jismoniy tarbiya nazariyasi va
uslubiyati”. 2 jild. Darslik. ITA
-PRESS. T., -2015.
3.
Курамшин Ю.Ф. Теория и методика физической
культуры. Учебник. Москва. –
2010.
4.
Rakhimov V.Sh. Pedagogical approaches to
training sport and health tourism. Berlin Studies
Transnational Journal of Science and Humanities //
Vol.1 2021. Issue 1.1 Economical sciences ISSN 2749-
0866 P. 273-279
5.
Rakhimov V.Sh. Scientific foundation of the
formation of the need for a healty lifestyle among
students of higher educational institutions.
Volume 04 Issue 09-2024
57
International Journal of Medical Sciences And Clinical Research
(ISSN
–
2771-2265)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
09
P
AGES
:
53-57
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
Eurasian Journal of Sport Science 2023; 1(2): 34-37
https://uzjurnals.edu.uz/eajss/
6.
Rakhimov V.Sh. Social functions of physical culture
and sports in modern society. European Journal of
Research and Reflection in Educational Sciences
Vol. 8 No. 12, 2020 Part III ISSN 2056-5852.
7.
Rakhimov V.Sh. Innovative approaches to
improving quality training specialists in physical
education. European Journal of Research and
Reflection in Educational Sciences Vol. 8 No. 12,
2020, 225-230.
8.
Raхimov V.Sh. Talabalarda sog‘lom turmush tarzi
hayotiy ko‘nikmalarini rivojlantirishning didaktik
imkoniyatlarini takomillashtirish. p.f.d. (DSc)
diss.avtoref. 13.00.01: Toshkent-2023, 72 b.
9.
Karimova N. Taniqulova Z., SPORTS SERVICE 2022
Актуальные проблемы физического воспитания
студентов С. 628
-630.
10.
Karimova N. “Developing The Strength Ability Of
Girls In Swimming”, Актуальные проблемы
физической культуры и спорта в современных
социально
-
экономических условиях. С. 163
-165.
11.
Karimova N. X. Elmurodova M. U. Management In
The
Activities
Of
Sports
Organizations
//Актуальные
проблемы
физического
воспитания студентов. –
2022.
–
С. 177
-179.
12.
Karimova N. X. Khasanova I. K. Elmuradova M. U.
Mental
Stress
During
Sports
Activities
//Актуальные Проблемы Физической Культуры И
Спорта
В
Современных
Социально
-
Экономических Условиях. –
2021.
–
С. 401
-403.
13.
Karimova N. X. Muhamedova M. SPORT IS MY
LIFE!.
–
2021.
14.
Karimova N. X. Kahharova X. M. Problems Of
Forming A Sports Profession.
–
2021.
15.
Karimova N. X. Rakhimova L. Interaction Of Sports
Authorities With Professional Self-Regulating
Organizations.
–
2021.
