International Journal of Pedagogics
110
https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ijp
VOLUME
Vol.05 Issue07 2025
PAGE NO.
110-120
10.37547/ijp/Volume05Issue07-26
Creative Thinking in Writing and Speaking: A Bibliometric
Analysis of Papers from The Scopus Database Published in
English For the Period Of 1991-2023
Rasulova Mokhira
PhD researcher., Department of English Language Practical Course, Tashkent State Pedagogical University, Tashkent, 100035,
Uzbekistan
Received:
31 May 2025;
Accepted:
27 June 2025;
Published:
29 July 2025
Abstract:
Speaking and writing are the most important and productive language skills. Through speaking and
writing, students can convey and formulate thoughts, feelings, or assessments about any area of science and life
in the spoken and composed form. As far as the English educational process, the students’ creative thinking ability
to reason is considered to make a few impacts and assume significant parts as they are learning English, and it,
consequently, impacts the manner in which they figure out how to write and speak. This study demonstrates a
bibliometric analysis of the creative thinking edition from the Scopus database from 1991-2023. In this research
study we try to collect all Scopus-based 781 publications for 32 years involving creative thinking, speaking and
writing skills as keywords. This study reports the outcomes using standard bibliometric indicators: (1) the present
state of publication of creative thinking, (2) subject areas in creative thinking, (3) keyword analysis, (4) publishing
authors, (5) geographical distribution of publication, and (6) most productive institutions in creative thinking. The
VOSviewer software was used as a program for building and displaying bibliometric networks obtained through
the Scopus database in this paper. The majority of this perceptive data provides the current level and development
of creative thinking in speaking and writing abilities.
Keywords:
Creative thinking, creativity, Scopus database, speaking and writing skills.
Introduction:
Over the past few decades, there have
been a lot of discussions about creativity, creative
thinking and its importance as a crucial skill for learning
in higher education and beyond. There is an endless
discussion regarding how creativity and creative
thinking should be defined. As the importance of
creativity grows, education will play a significant role in
fostering awareness of creative thinking and creativity
[1]. Creativity is becoming more necessary in this digital
and innovative period that is becoming more
complicated to foster creativity [2]. As creativity is likely
to become increasingly crucial in the future, education
will play a significant role in stimulating interest in
creativity [3]. Creative thinking is considered one of the
four essential 21st-century skills that students must
possess to be successful in the learning process. By
examining creative thinking, it is possible to effect
positive change, as creativity has become a critical skill
to master [4].
In response to the argumentative topic of the research
on creative thinking and creativity in writing and
speaking, this paper analyzed a decade of creative
thinking model publications from 1991-2023 to support
an observation of the present advancement of the
creative thinking model by presenting a comprehensive
overview of studies based on research data taken from
the Scopus database from 1991 to 2023. More
specifically, this publication concentrates on valuable
findings related to the dynamic developing of
publication trends in creative thinking model in writing
and speaking research and the most influential studies
in the field. Plus, the top authors, institutions, and
countries in the field are identified, and the networks
of scientific connection between them are uncovered.
Moreover, the research points out the disciplines
underlying the creative thinking model and the topics
that depicts the research content published in the field
[5]. Shortly, creative thinking models focus on a
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framework for overcoming problems and challenges
more innovatively and imaginatively [6]. This
bibliometric analysis supports an overview of trends in
creativity research and creative writing and speaking
based on the publications trend in the Scopus database
in 32 years. This study reveals how creative thinking is
currently advancing as a crucial skill for the 21st
century, the subject area used in creative thinking,
significant contributions to creative thinking research,
and the most influential document in the literature on
creative thinking. Creativity has been examined in
numerous fields of study. The review uses search
strategies for the bibliometric database and data
analysis techniques and then discusses the result. The
second section depicts the methodology employed,
while the third section discusses the results of the
bibliometric analysis. The findings are discussed in
Section 4, while the conclusions are presented in
Section 5. The structure of this paper is as described
below. The second section describes the methodology
employed, while the third section discusses the results
of the bibliometric analysis. The findings are discussed
in Section 4, while the conclusions are presented in
Section 5.
Defining the creativity is reasonable way before moving
to literature review. Creativity itself is something
subjective. The verb “to create” originally meant “to
make”. Due to Torrance 1988, it is extremely
complicated to precisely define creativity due to the
fact that the characteristics of creativity are not
restricted in anyway [7]. Creativity is defined as the
generation of novel and valuable insights and products
[8]. Creativity can also be defined as the generation of
opinions into two distinct components, namely ideas
originally received and ideas arising from the
appropriateness of the situation [9]. Additionally,
Harvard Business School states, the involvement of
people in the creative process equals or develops in
influencing actual creative thinking. Creative thinking is
a quality that must be gained because an individual can
make decisions and overcome problems by thinking
creatively [10]. That’s why, creativity can be concluded
as a thought process that stimulates the understanding
of new insights that are more meaningful [11]. But
defines creative thinking as "being different" that is by
showing differences to be creative. Various points from
the definition of creative thinking and creativity, this
research will utilize the definition of the ability to
collect new ideas and concepts and the skill to guess
differently in the field [12].
The main purpose and scope of research is to analyze
prior literature on creative thinking by means of
bibliometric analysis. A deeper understanding of the
literary works on creative thinking is the concern of this
publication. In turn, to complete the by supporting an
overall picture of the present situation and
development of creative thinking, the topic area, the
most
productive
contributors,
the
current
collaboration pattern, and the most influential
document in creative thinking literature. This research
concentrates on hoping to answer the following
research questions (RQs):
1. What is the current advancement of the creative
thinking model in writing and speaking and its
distribution?
2. What are the publication trends in the field of the
creative thinking model in writing and speaking, and
how have they improved over the decades?
3. Who are the most productive authors in the field,
and what are their research’s key themes and topics?
4. What are the most active countries in the field of the
creative thinking model in writing and speaking?
5. What are the most influential institutions in the field
of the creative thinking model in writing and speaking,
and how have they contributed to the development of
the field?
6. How many papers on creative thinking in writing and
speaking have been published within the decades in all
countries?
METHODS
This study describes the empirical research articles on
creative thinking model that support creativity in
writing and speaking during language learning process
and a broader scientific analysis that were obtained
from the Scopus database for the period of 1991-2023
for all countries. The research date was September 11,
2023. Using bibliometric analysis, this paper aims to
study all the trends on productivity of creative thinking
as an essential key word. Totally 781 articles were
reviewed. Furthermore, the Scopus database includes
the year of publication, the proper names of journals,
authors, countries, the type of publication, the number
of citations per paper, the number of citations per
journal and the percentage of publications by the topic
cluster name which are based on book chapter,
conference papers, editorials and research articles.
Excel, VOSviewer were utilized properly as main tools.
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Figure1.Methodology flowchart for the research
RESULTS
1. Published articles on creative thinking
It is not complicated to know about the value of the
topic “creative
thinking” in the scientific world as the
statistic depicted in Figure 2 reflects the increasing
interest in creative thinking from 1991 through 2023
(totally 781). The trend shows that up to the year 2019
(under 60) there was a steadily growing increase in the
number of articles relating to creative thinking. But this
figure rose sharply in 2020 (102) because of the high
demand for creativity and creative thinking. Later,
between 2021 and 2023 (from 84 to 29) we can witness
to slightly falling in the number of publications due to
the
advancement of
information
technology.
Hopefully, the insight of creative thinking keeps its
position in the field and the number of publications will
increase within a decade.
Figure2.Number of papers on creative thinking by the year of publication in all countries.
29
77
84
102
64
50
59
47
42
26
20
37
24
39
15 13 11
6
9
8
6
1
2
2
2
2
1
2
1
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
N
u
m
b
e
r
o
f p
ap
e
rs
Years
2023
2022
2021
2020
2019
2018
2017
2016
2015
2014
2013
2012
2011
2010
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1997
1996
1995
1993
1991
Research base
Scopus database
From 1991to 2023
Selected years
Language
English
Sciences of Linguistics, Methodology, Pedagogy and Education
Subject area
“Creative thinking, writing and speaking”
Keywords
Statistical
analysis
Microsoft Excel
Document types, years, authors, countries, sources, subject areas, funding
sponsors and affiliations of published papers
VOSviewer
Co-author countries, keywords
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2 Journals on creative thinking
It is admitted by all researchers that it is crucial to
choose a proper journal in the publication process. The
most popular source titles for creative thinking in
writing and speaking are listed in Figure 3 from 1991
through 2023. Journal Thinking Skills and Creativity
gained the peak result by publishing 56 (7.17%)
documents on creative thinking model. International
Journal Of Emerging Technologies In Learning ranks the
second position in the list with 17 (2.17%) articles
rather fewer results than the first journal. Moreover, 15
(1.92%) publications were contributed by the
International Journal Of Scientific And Technology
Research and International Journal Of Technology And
Design Education which provided potential influence to
academic development creative thinking in writing and
speaking. Besides, other journals International Journal
Of Technology And Design Education and Design,
Proceedings Frontiers In Education Conference Fie
have presented nearly the percent of research works
12 (1.53 %) so far. To sum up, Journal Thinking Skills and
Creativity is the most current productive journal
leaving no way for other journals to catch up with its
result.
Figure3.List of the journals on creative thinking in all countries.
3. Top authors on creative thinking
Authors are creators. They play a significant role in an
advancement of in any research area. The table
highlights information on the top 15 authors who have
advanced creative thinking model in writing and
speaking from 1991 to 2023.The dominant two authors
are Suparman, C.Samat, whose creative thinking
research work include 8(1.02%) and 7(0.08%) articles
each. In the distribution figure, D.Henriksen, D.F,Shell,
L.K,Soh, who are the authors of five articles each have
contributed to the development of creative thinking
with 0,64 percent. Plus, Authors A.D,Corebima,
M.D.W,Ernawati, and K.Ulger developed the insight of
creative thinking model with four ( 0.51 %)articles each.
The remaining authors in the list S.Chaijaroen,
H.L,Chen, R.Huang, and others created three (0.38 %)
articles each.
In conclusion, it can be stated that creative thinking
model has already gained international interest and a
number of authors from different countries have been
involved in this topic.
56
17
15
13
12
11
10
10
8
7
7
7
6
6
6
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Thinking Skills And Creativity
International Journal Of Emerging Technologies In Learning
International Journal Of Scientific And Technology Research
International Journal Of Technology And Design Education
Proceedings Frontiers In Education Conference Fie
International Journal Of Instruction
European Journal Of Educational Research
Procedia Social And Behavioral Sciences
Journal Of Creative Behavior
Computers And Education
Cypriot Journal Of Educational Sciences
Development And Learning In Organisations
Development And Learning In Organizations An…
International Journal Of Evaluation And Research In…
Turkish Online Journal Of Educational Technology
Number of papers
Na
m
e
o
f
jo
urna
ls
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Figure4.List of top authors published on creative thinking issue in all countries.
4. Top countries on creative thinking
The following analysis provides the data about the
distribution of countries that have contributed to the
evolution of the creative thinking model publications.
The data shows that the most influential countries have
published the most creative thinking in writing and
speaking articles based on particular scientific data
between 1991 and 2023. Due to the research activities
of selected countries such as: the United States made a
top result by presenting 131 (16.77 %) articles,
followed by Indonesia 86 (11.01 %), China 74 (9.47%),
United Kingdom 60 (7.68 %), Turkey 56 (7.17%),
Taiwan 50 (6.40%), Thailand 26 (3.32%), Australia 24
(3.07%), Russia and Spain 22 (2.81%), Malaysia 21
(2.68%) in the data distribution. The rest of the
publications under twenty. Overall, it shows that the
United States made a record result as well as the
countries in Asia contributed significantly to this field of
research and advanced influential researches on
creative thinking.
Figure5.List of top countries on creative thinking issue in all countries.
5. Top institutions on creative thinking
There is a great attention to the creative thinking and
innovation in Thailand and Indonesia. As a result, Khon
Kaen University in Thailand, Universitas Negeri Malang
8
7
5
5
5
4
4
4
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Suparman
Samat, C.
Henriksen, D.
Shell, D.F.
Soh, L.K.
Corebima, A.D.
Ernawati, M.D.W.
Ulger, K.
Chaijaroen, S.
Chen, H.L.
Huang, R.
Hwang, G.J.
Lai, C.F.
Park, E.J.
Sternberg, R.J.
Number of publications
Na
m
e
o
f
a
utho
rs
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in Indonesia researchers have succeeded in publishing
more
and
more
papers
(13
publications
1.66%,11publications 1.40%in the distribution)for the
period of 1996-2023.Top of institutions shown in
Figure6,
National
Taiwan
Normal
University,
Universitas Ahmad Dahlan and Kazan Federal
University (10 and 9 records),followed by National
Cheng Kung University and Universitas Negeri
Yogyakarta (8 records) respectively. Overall, among
top 15 institution more creative thinking research
documents belong to Indonesian universities but
Thailand Khon Kaen University is dominating the
current top 15.
Figure6.List of top institutions on creative thinking issue in all countries.
6. Types of papers on creative thinking
The purpose of the study is to distinguish where
research papers on creative thinking are printed.
Figure 10 reveals that journals, with 515 articles
(65.94%), followed by 186 conference papers (23.81%),
reviews (33; 4.22%) and book chapters (27; 3.45 %).
Moreover, this research's results are organized
according to the document type. Figure 10 shows that
10 (1.28%) of the total number of documents are
retracted articles, followed by 6 (0.76%) of editorials
articles, 3 (0.38%) of notes and 1 (0.12%) of a book in
research publications.
Figure7.List of types of papers on creative thinking in all countries.
13
11
10
10
9
8
8
7
7
7
6
6
6
6
5
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Khon Kaen University
Universitas Negeri Malang
National Taiwan Normal University
Universitas Ahmad Dahlan
Kazan Federal University
National Cheng Kung University
Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
National Taiwan University of Science and Technology
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia
Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi
National Yunlin University of Science and Technology
Beijing Normal University
University of Nebraska–Lincoln
Tel Aviv University
Number of papers
Na
m
e
o
f
Ins
tit
utio
ns
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
515
186
33
27
10
6
3
1
Num
ber
o
f
pa
pers
Type of publications
Article
Conference Paper
Review
Book Chapter
Retracted
Editorial
Note
Book
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International Journal of Pedagogics (ISSN: 2771-2281)
7. Publications by the topic cluster name on creative
thinking
This research study categorizes publications into their
particular fields of study according to the subject areas
given in Scopus database. The results demonstrated
that most of the papers published on creative thinking
all countries belong to 7 different topic cluster names
in Figure 8. Social Sciences arose as the most
conspicuous branch of knowledge, with 246 reports
representing 31.49% of the total, while Computer
Science, with 185 (23.68%) works and Engineering with
168 (21.51%) publications. The research findings also
present that a study on creative thinking has been
published in a journal under various subject fields,
involving, Arts and Humanities, with 104 (13.31%);
Psychology, with 80 (1.02%); Business, Management
and Accounting, with 78 (0.99%); Mathematics, with 31
(0.39%); and many more.
Figure8.Top topic cluster names on creative thinking in all countries.
8. Top funding sponsors on creative thinking
The connection between the commonness of affiliated
regions and funding of scientific research and projects
is the most crucial part of the programs. In view of our
anal
ysis of the top 15 funding sponsors’ papers on
creative thinking, Figure 9 represents the distribution
of the most supportable and productive sponsor
organizations in the period of 1991-2023. Among the
funding sponsors Ministry of Science and Technology of
Taiwan financialized 15 (0.19%) research works,
followed by National Natural Science Foundation of
China (11; 0.14%), Khon Kaen University (7; 0.89%),
National Science Foundation (6; 0.76%), Fundamental
Research Funds for the Central Universities, Ministry of
Education, Ministry of Education of the People's
Republic of China, and National Science Council (4;
0.51%), Japan Society for the Promotion of Science,
Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's
Republic of China, National Research Council of
Thailand, Research Grants Council, University Grants
Committee, and Russian Foundation for Basic Research
(3; 0.38%).
246
185
168
104
80
78
31
Social Sciences
Computer Science
Engineering
Arts and Humanities
Psychology
Business, Management and
Accounting
Mathematics
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Figure9.Funding sponsors on creative thinking in all countries.
9. Top keywords on creative thinking
Selecting author keywords is important for exactly
representing the content of publications. Figure 10
shows that “creative thinking” is the word phrase
mainly associated with both creativity and critical
thinking. By the help of VOSviewer software system the
minimum number of occurrences of a clue word has
been underlined six and the quantity of selected
keywords has been automatically expressed as 42. It is
depicted that the author's keyword network, with each
clue word happening at least three times occurrence.
Owing to the number of occurrences, the most
commonly used key words are creative thinking 601,
creativity 121, critical thinking 77, innovation 34 and
education 23. These research materials may be
beneficial and productive for researchers, educators,
and policymakers in developing strategies to stimulate
creative thinking in educational process. By identifying
the crucial insights and arguments given in
publications, keywords support links to other relevant
research papers, expanding the scope of research.
Figure10.Network map of top keywords based on the total link strength
DISCUSSION
According to the findings of this study, the following
research work approaches to bibliometric analysis to
study the trend of research on creative thinking. This
paper examined the most cited papers on creativity,
creative thinking and creative thinking in writing and
15
11
7
6
4
4
4
4
3
3
3
3
3
2
2
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan
National Natural Science Foundation of China
Khon Kaen University
National Science Foundation
Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities
Ministry of Education
Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China
National Science Council
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's…
National Research Council of Thailand
Research Grants Council, University Grants Committee
Russian Foundation for Basic Research
Center for Urban and Regional Affairs, University of…
Chinese Academy of Sciences
Number of papers
F
un
din
g
o
rg
a
niza
tio
ns
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speaking in the Scopus database to determine crucial
publications, journals, authors, countries, top
institutions, sponsors, keywords, types of papers and
fields [13]. This publication work concentrates on the
articles on creative thinking in writing and speaking,
creativity extracted from the Scopus database. The
Scopus database was used along with Microsoft Excel,
to carry out calculations such as document frequency
and to make relevant charts and graphs. Plus,
VOSViewer is specifically designed for making
bibliometric maps based on network data, enabling a
comprehensive visual representation. Creativity is
stated as an essential competence for the twenty-first
century, bibliometric analysis presents that the
publication trend is a good indicator of the
development of the field [14].
In accordance with the bibliometric analysis,
documents on creative thinking and creativity in
writing and speaking over 32 years have ranked high
results in 2020. The observations on the topic of
creative thinking and creativity in writing and speaking
tout that Thailand, The Netherlands and Indonesia are
leading among top of institutions (Khon Kaen
University), top of journals (Thinking Skills and
Creativity)
and
top
of
authors
(Suparman).
Furthermore, Taiwan is the leading funding sponsor
(Ministry of Science and Technology) in the period of
1991-2023. In Taiwan more universities, institutions
and research centers are eager to invest in creative
thinking in writing and speaking, creativity publications
in order to enhance their impact. Apart from most
common keywords can help researchers in finding
appropriate resources in the database. As it was found
that the main keywords directed on four basic spheres:
creativity, critical thinking and thinking skills [15].
This century is regarded as the age of globalization,
internet and digital technology [16]. The quickly
changing present world requires individuals to be
multi-tasked, equipped with the skills of collaboration
and flexibility, and have the ability to process
information [17]. Problem solving, goal setting, and
creative thinking are considered specific skills required
for the twenty first century workforce [18]. In fact, the
rapid and global change occurring in societies requires
us to focus on creativity more seriously [19]. Creative
thinking is a crucial skill in real life. It is part of the
survival strategies and a force behind personal growth
and advancement of culture and society [20]. Creativity
is considered as a treatment for solving many issues
that resulted from hysteric changes in different aspects
of life, economic, medicine, industry as well as
education [21].
It would be proper to mention about the concept of
creativity. It is regarded as an original kind of thinking
–
so-called diver
gent (“divergent, going in different
directions”) thinking, which gives for varying ways to
overcome a tough situation, leads to unexpected
conclusions and outcomes. Such thinking is against to
convergent thinking, which is focused on finding the
only proper solution based on the analysis of many
preconditions. Divergent thinking does not focus on a
known or suitable solution to the problem, but
manifests itself when the problem has not yet been
disclosed and the way to solve is unknown.
Additionally, creative thinking as a thinking skill needed
to discuss as indicative of understanding rather than
memorizing [22]. Creative thinking is crucial in this
digital century to make a lot of inventions and
innovations. That is to say, a number of institutions,
organizations are willing to support the talented young
for their creative potential. In the case of teaching
creatively, studying creative approaches to developing
lesson plans and involving students in the material can
reasonably be expected to lead to better learning [23].
Secondly, student's creative potential in the process of
teaching a foreign language through the utilizing of
creative speaking activities are considered efficient and
productive in the educational settings [24]. A key to this
problematic situation is suggested through the
introduction of creative thinking in the learning process
[25]. The main characteristics of creative thinking and
its impact on the improving of speaking is costless [26].
Technological developing in the teaching and learning
processes also demand students to be aware of various
skills and knowledge. Whether prepared or not,
students must have professional competencies for
mastering the skills to stay on the job when changes
occur. In order to study productively in this rapid
century, students need to be able to think creatively
[27]. Particularly, in IELTS and other language
assessment exams learners are required to have quite
good creative thinking ability in writing and speaking
tasks. That’s why, teachers and instruct
ors mainly pay
attention to the students’ broader creativity as much as
possible. Furthermore, modern trends in the education
system, such as digital technologies, computerization
and formalization, in the amount of independent work
of the student in the learning process [28]. Such work
can be expressed both in the accumulation of
information obtained from various external sources
(foreign literature, electronic educational resources,
communication on foreign forums, trips abroad, etc.),
and in the processing of information obtained using the
internal sources of the university, aimed directly at
teaching a foreign language (textbooks, media
resources, etc.), for participation in various projects,
research or development. A variety of activities in the
learning process and the dynamics of changes in the
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requirements of modern society for a specialist dictate
the need for a student to form a creative approach
when using professional skills and abilities and,
consequently, the need to introduce into the
educational process activities aimed not only at
mastering ready-made knowledge, but also at
developing non-standard thinking, creative abilities
and personal traits [29]. To sum up, rapid
breakthroughs in technology and social development
has changed the dynamics of the working and social
environment which eventually called for a paradigm
shift in education. In order to design students with the
important competencies so that they can quickly adapt
to the modern requirements of the fast-changing
social, educational, and work environments, educators
have started to rethink the theoretical basis of
students’ learning needs [30].
Strengths and Limitations
The study mainly highlighted the certain creative
thinking model trends (especially in writing and
speaking) and their main peculiarities. Moreover, this
research work focused solely on using Scopus
databases as the primary source of publications
because Scopus is the most common database that a
lot of scholars generally approach to it. Nevertheless,
there are some limitations that should be mentioned.
Unfortunately, search queries can only keep some
scholarly work in this field perfectly, and it is common
to obtain inconsistent results. The solution to this issue
is to address to the articles from Google Scholar, ERIC
and WOS in order to include more perspectives from
other academics for more outcomes. Despite these
mentioned limitations, this research presents a
comprehensive review of the literature on creativity
and creative thinking, providing valuable insights into
the field's advancement and current state. Moreover,
it overcomes challenges that prevent us from
comprehension, measurement, and advancement of
creativity models within educational contexts.
CONCLUSION
This systematic review presents the evolution and
current state of research on creativity models over the
past decades, drawing upon data 781 retrieved
documents from the Scopus database. That is to say,
the opinions concluded from this research are likely to
deepen our comprehension of creative thinking and
creativity and will likely continue to progress
exclusively in the future. Moreover, researchers in this
scientific area have created a broad range of creativity-
related topics. But, the outcomes also provide that the
current insights on creativity is limited to a restricted
group of authors, affiliations, and countries that
exchange
similar
theoretical
and
conceptual
approaches to the subject. This emphasizes the request
for broader engagement and various in the study of
creativity
to
make
sure
a
comprehensive
understanding of this phenomenon. To sum up, future
study must determine whether creativity will improve
students' employability, and students must understand
the influence of creativity competencies for the current
century.
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