This article substantiates the complex socio-psychological processes that are carried out through the acquisition of knowledge and skills in modern pedagogy, as well as the formation of human qualities, a system of values, and social consciousness. The results of studying the possibilities of achieving educational goals through universal educational activities in primary school students show that universal educational activities have a special place not only as a means of acquiring knowledge, but also as an effective pedagogical mechanism for personal and social development, the formation of educational qualities. Through them, students gradually master such skills as independent thinking, making moral choices, feeling civic responsibility, a conscious attitude to work, striving for beauty, and readiness for social cooperation.