Volume 03 Issue 12-2023
7
International Journal of Pedagogics
(ISSN
–
2771-2281)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
12
P
AGES
:
7-12
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
6.
676
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ABSTRACT
This article is devoted to the linguistic and cultural features of translation, in which issues related to cultural studies
and linguistics are analyzed in the process of analysis of theoretical approaches and linguistic and cultural features of
translation.
KEYWORDS
Translation, linguistic culture, cultural studies, foreign language, linguistics.
INTRODUCTION
The comparative study of various works of art is
gaining momentum in world translation studies. It is
known that translation is one of the most ancient types
of human activity, thanks to which we imagine all the
details of the history of the development of society.
Translation is a powerful weapon that serves the
interests of international friendship, brotherhood and
cooperation, and the expansion of economic-political,
scientific, cultural and literary relations between
peoples. In our country, especially in the process of
establishing
New
Uzbekistan,
comprehensive
measures are being taken to further develop the Uzbek
language and improve the language policy.
"Maintaining the purity of the state language,
enriching it and improving the speech culture of the
population"[1] was defined as one of the urgent tasks.
In this regard, research on linguistic and cultural
features of translation studies in a comparative aspect
through the example of English and Uzbek languages,
further
improvement
of
Uzbek
translation,
Research Article
LINGUISTIC CHARACTERISTICS AND APPROACHES OF TRANSLATION
Submission Date:
November 29, 2023,
Accepted Date:
December 04, 2023,
Published Date:
December 09, 2023
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ijp/Volume03Issue12-02
Khatira M. Gaybullayeva
PhD, Tashkent State Pedagogical University, Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ijp
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 03 Issue 12-2023
8
International Journal of Pedagogics
(ISSN
–
2771-2281)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
12
P
AGES
:
7-12
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
6.
676
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
understanding the difference between direct and
indirect translations from foreign languages to the
native language, research devoted to the re-
expression of various phraseological and stylistic tools
in translation. The expansion of the country is of
particular importance.
The main results and findings
This legacy of translation, passed from generation to
generation, is a wonderful experience of sharing the
works of great thinkers, the tradition of the stars of
fiction "speaking" in the languages of various great
and small nations is getting stronger and developing
year by year.
Translation accelerates the process of national
interaction and mutual influence; it is the basis for the
emergence of common themes, universal ideas,
colorful literary aesthetic forms in national literature.
Translation not only increases the vocabulary of
national languages, but also creates new linguistic
tools. Each translated work is a product of its time. For
example, if one compares the translation of a specific
literary work into Uzbek a hundred years ago and its
translations made in later periods, there is no obvious
difference between the level of understanding of the
author of the work and the skill of the translators who
lived in different periods. , but it can also be seen that
the literary language was at the maturity level of
different periods. Translation plays a key role in the
establishment and development of friendly relations
between the brotherly peoples of our country, and in
strengthening the international ground of all national
cultures. Translation is not only a means of
communication, but also a powerful factor of unique
linguistic-methodological
and
terminological
enrichment.
Translation is very important as a powerful tool of
cultural, political and economic relations between
peoples. During the process of translation and
comparison of languages, a number of issues that
cannot arise when each language is examined
separately are cross-sectional, and their analysis helps
to better determine the specific characteristics of each
language.
Despite the fact that the importance of translation in
world literature is increasing year by year, not much
work has been done in the linguistic and cultural field
of translation.
According to experts, even though mutual relations
have become relatively faster, it is still felt that the
peoples of the world are separating from each other. It
is the need of the day to eliminate such a situation by
expanding the activity of translation in a more active
and goal-oriented way.
In fact, the discussion about science, fiction, art and
translation should be started from the issue of literacy,
general cultural level of the people, the state of press
and publishing in the country. After all, literature,
books, translations are created for the people who can
read, understand and can afford to evaluate them
properly. After all, the demander, consumer, owner of
these is the people themselves.
The value of any book is judged by the general cultural
training, demand and taste of the person who reads it.
A work created at a high scientific, socio-political and
artistic level, especially if it describes the life of other
peoples or is written by a foreign writer or scientist,
requires the active observation of the reader. At the
same time, the Uzbek reader presents to other nations
Volume 03 Issue 12-2023
9
International Journal of Pedagogics
(ISSN
–
2771-2281)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
12
P
AGES
:
7-12
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
6.
676
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
works of deep content and different forms from his
rich literary heritage and today's developed literature.
This is a huge success of the Uzbek people, an
invincible and indelible great victory that the literature
of the Uzbek people can be proud of. Summing up the
achievements in the field of literary translation today,
it should be noted that these achievements were
achieved as a result of the dedicated work of
enlightened people, state and public figures, famous
writers, translators and journalists.
Taking into account the linguistic and cultural features
of translation, it is possible to conclude that it has many
unexplored areas and undiscovered aspects.
The main features of artistic translation are the
translation of the content and tasks of the human tools
used into the language without flaws.
In contrast to linguistics, there are almost no
approaches that clearly consider the topic of
translation from a theoretical point of view in
linguistics. Since this discipline is traditionally
associated with literate societies, the process of
translation is primarily a clandestine process, which has
evolved into writing ethnographies or publishing
anthologies of myths and other cultural expressions.
Linguistic translation should be carried out taking into
account different linguistic means and ethnic culture.
Linguistic features of translation are described as a
form of "cultural translation" or "interpretation of
cultures" [2], while translation is presented
metaphorically as a translation of field observations
into an ethnographic text.
It is known that comparing the linguistic and cultural
features of any foreign language with one's native
language is one of the most effective methods of
changing the translation process. It is easier to teach
the similarities between the languages than it is to
teach the differences between them.
1) One of the initial problems is the sharp difference
between the Uzbek word order and the English word
order.
For example: I go to the office by metro.
The difference in the arrangement of the words of the
same sentence in both languages makes it difficult for
translators who are learning the language to translate
the sentence correctly. Because the translator makes
the following mistake while translating the native
language sentence into English word for word. In order
not to make such mistakes, first of all, the word order
in English is stricter than in Uzbek. A change in the
order of the parts of the sentence leads to a change in
the translation. For example: a black pen; a pen is black.
Let's consider another issue. Students translate the
sentence "I am a student" as I student and make a
mistake. Because the auxiliary verb am in this sentence
has no alternative in Uzbek. The use of such auxiliary
verbs must be perfectly taught by the teacher during
the lesson.
2) Another problem is that prepositions used in English
are not used in Uzbek. Their meanings are given in
Uzbek through conjugations, possessive adverbs and
auxiliary words. In English, prepositions are very widely
used and they completely change the meaning of
words. For example:
to look
–
qaramoq
–
look for
–
qidirmoq
to go
–
bormoq
–
go on
–
davom ettirmoq.
Volume 03 Issue 12-2023
10
International Journal of Pedagogics
(ISSN
–
2771-2281)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
12
P
AGES
:
7-12
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
6.
676
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
3) Another problem that causes difficulty in translation
is the device called an unidentified or unidentified
sentence. Such words are very common in the Uzbek
language. For example: It is winter now. Today it's cold.
It's seven o'clock. In English, such sentences begin with
the word It, because there are no impersonal
sentences in English. The word dog is not translated
into Uzbek, that is, it has no Uzbek equivalent. As a
result, language learners omit the word "dog" and the
corresponding verb form "is". For example: It is winter
now; it is seven o'clock - It is seven o'clock; It is cold
today, etc.
4) One of the main problematic goals is the category of
time. In Uzbek, there are about ten types of verb
tenses, and in English there are sixteen. Each of them
differs from each other not only in terms of meaning,
but also in the form of its structure. Therefore, it is
necessary for us as teachers to give students a
comprehensive understanding of the grammatical
tense category of the verb. Translation is a necessary
tool for the development of languages. Translation
makes a person spiritually rich and develops thinking.
Cultural anthropology deals with the formation and
development of human culture. Anthropology, as the
name suggests, is the science of man. However, human
sciences include all humanities and some natural
sciences (medicine and partly biology). It is natural that
there are many sciences about man, because man is a
complex, multifaceted essence. Also, all of these
sciences develop in a human society with a human
being at the center.
When expressing the linguistic and cultural features of
the translation, various aspects of human life, including
the question of national color, are often limited to the
specific phrases found in the people's clothing,
behavior, and language, while the issue of identity
refers to the history and worldview of the people, it is
necessary to consider aspects related to tradition,
character, consciousness, psychology. In the study of
re-creation of nationality in the translation of the
original, epic scenes, portrait images, similes, initial
formulas, adoration, realia, anthroponym, toponym,
nicknames, proverbs, phraseological expressions,
double and repeated words, applause and cursing, bird
and An important task for translators is to reproduce
issues such as the translation of animal names.
The linguistic and cultural features of translation are a
set of analytical actions and activities used in the
analysis of the interaction between language and
culture.
Linguistic features of translation are integrative, i.e., a
field that combines the results of studies of cultural
studies, linguistics, ethnolinguistics, and cultural
anthropology, so it uses a number of methods and
directions of knowledge gathered around the center of
"language and culture".
Linguistic and cultural features of translation can be
applied using linguistic, cultural, sociological (content
analysis, frame analysis methodology), ethnographic
(description, classification, etc.) methods. These
methods, with their various principles and analyses,
complement each other and allow linguistic culture to
study the relationship between language and culture,
which is a complex object.
To study the interaction between language and
culture, J. Lakoff [3] offers the metaphor analysis
apparatus. For example, the theory of linguistic and
cultural features of translation explains why some
expressions in foreign languages are easy to
Volume 03 Issue 12-2023
11
International Journal of Pedagogics
(ISSN
–
2771-2281)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
12
P
AGES
:
7-12
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
6.
676
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
understand and even assimilated, while others are
difficult to understand. This method helps to identify
the cognitive mismatch between the languages being
compared. Such differences are not accidental, they
indicate the unique understanding of world events by
one or another nation.
The problem of translating more ethno-cultural, that is,
national stereotypes in the re-expression of linguistic
and cultural features in translation brings new tasks to
translation scholars. For example, Europeans who first
came into contact with the Japanese were and are still
surprised by the fact that the Japanese talk about sad
events, including the illness or death of a close relative,
with a smile on their face. Such events formed the basis
for the formation of the stereotype of a cruel, ruthless
Japanese. However, in this case, it is appropriate to
understand the smile not from the dimensions of
European culture, but from the dimensions of
Japanese culture. Because the recorded situation
shows that the Japanese do not bother others with
their sadness.
In intercultural communication, Uzbeks are hospitable,
Russians are risky, Kazakhs are stubborn, Turks are
emotional, Chinese are sociable, Japanese are polite,
Estonians are slow, Italians are curious, English are
cold, and Germans are strictly following the order.
The issue of translation of linguistic and cultural
features, especially the issue of translating literary
works from a foreign language into Uzbek, is gaining
great importance for the theory and practice of
translation. Because text translation is the basis for the
creation of new works of art, and this issue shapes
intercultural communication
between
different
peoples. On this basis, the outlook and thinking of
students and pupils expands.
G. Salomov: "The purpose of translation is to acquire,
preserve and convey the original copy (information),
but it does not consist in creating a new work that does
not have its own prototype; the purpose of the
translator is to re-sleep." [5] - he said.
CONCLUSION
Thus, translation, which is the cause of the transfer of
the meaning of one language to another language, has
been done for centuries, but it has never become as
commonplace as it is today. In a short time, we can see
the translation of an artistic work appreciated by the
reader into dozens of languages. This situation is a
great achievement for the reader who cannot read the
work in its original language, and the reader may often
forget that the work he is reading is a translation, not
the original, and he loses the originality of the work
with the translation. he can't think that he can get it.
Undoubtedly, the translation is intended to convey the
author's thoughts to the reader in the most original
form, but whether this is possible or not is a
controversial issue.
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Lakoff J., Johnson M. Metaphors by which we live
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Volume 03 Issue 12-2023
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International Journal of Pedagogics
(ISSN
–
2771-2281)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
12
P
AGES
:
7-12
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
6.
676
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
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