Volume 03 Issue 11-2023
119
International Journal of Pedagogics
(ISSN
–
2771-2281)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
11
P
AGES
:
119-123
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
6.
676
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ABSTRACT
The article examines the historical context of the development of information systems and database management in
the context of the evolution of technologies and the needs of society. The research includes an analysis of the key
stages of information technology development, starting with the era of mechanical devices and machine maps in the
XIX century, and ending with modern trends in cloud computing and distributed databases. The author emphasizes
the influence of historical events, such as the Second World War and the Cold War, on the development of information
systems. Special attention is paid to the role of pioneers such as Charles Babbage and Alan Turing in the formation of
the basic concepts underlying modern information technologies. The article also highlights the key stages of the
evolution of database management, starting with early hierarchical and network models and reaching modern
relational and NoSQL systems. The authors identify factors that determine changes in data management
requirements, such as the amount of information, processing speed and flexibility of data structures. The study
highlights the importance of understanding the historical context for a better understanding of modern challenges
and opportunities in the field of information systems and database management. In conclusion, the article offers
prospects for further research and development in this area.
KEYWORDS
Information systems, database management (DBM), historical context, technological evolution, mechanical devices,
machine maps, World War II, Cold War, Charles Babbage, Alan Turing, hierarchical data model, network data model,
relational databases, NoSQL databases, cloud computing, distributed databases, the evolution of data management.
INTRODUCTION
Research Article
HISTORICAL CONTEXT OF DEVELOPMENT OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS
AND DATABASE MANAGEMENT
Submission Date:
November 10, 2023,
Accepted Date:
November 15, 2023,
Published Date:
November 20, 2023
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ijp/Volume03Issue11-23
Ikromov Khusan Kholmakhamatovich
Andijan Mechanical Engineering Institute, The Department Of "Information Technologies" Is Senior Lecturer,
Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ijp
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 03 Issue 11-2023
120
International Journal of Pedagogics
(ISSN
–
2771-2281)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
11
P
AGES
:
119-123
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
6.
676
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
Information systems and database management
(DBM) play a key role in the modern world, providing
efficient storage, processing and transmission of
information. However, to fully understand the essence
of modern technologies, it is necessary to look at their
historical context. In this article we will consider the
stages of development of information systems and
database management, starting from their inception
and ending with the current state[1]. The development
of information systems and database management
(DBM) is a fascinating path of technological progress,
largely determining the modern look of business,
education and society as a whole. Understanding the
historical context of this development allows us to
more deeply assess the complexity and importance of
modern
information
technologies.
Information
systems (IS) and database management (DBM) are
cornerstones in the field of information technology,
playing a key role in the efficient storage, processing
and use of data. Let's consider the historical context of
their development, starting from the early stages of
the appearance of computing machines.
1. The first steps: Early information systems
The first attempts to automate data processing are
associated with mechanical devices, such as Blaise
Pascal's calculating machines and Gottfried Leibniz's
Arithmometer. However, these devices focused mainly
on arithmetic operations and did not provide
opportunities for data organization. The first
information systems appeared in the middle of the XX
century. They were focused on automating routine
operations and managing the huge amounts of data
that businesses and organizations faced. One of the
first notable achievements was the UNIVAC I system,
launched in 1951. This electronic vacuum computer
system has made it possible to efficiently process data
for scientific and commercial purposes[2]. The first
steps in the direction of information systems were
taken in the 1950s, when computers were just
beginning to enter everyday use. At this time, early
electronic computers were created, such as UNIVAC I
and ENIAC, which, despite their huge size, became the
forerunners of modern computer systems. The first
steps in the field of information systems were taken in
the 1950s, when computers were just beginning to
appear. At that time, the main focus was on
automation of accounting operations and accounting.
The programs developed for these purposes were a set
of instructions executed sequentially.
The next important stage was the appearance of
electromechanical computers. Projects such as ENIAC
(Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer) in the
USA have introduced new opportunities for
automation of computing and data processing.
However, data management was limited and
unstructured. In the late 1950s and early 1960s, the first
databases appeared, such as CODASYL, designed for
structuring and storing data. However, there were no
standards at that time, and each system used its own
data format.
2. The era of relational databases
The revolutionary moment was Edgar Codd's proposal
for a relationship-based data model. In 1970, he
published an article in which he introduced the concept
of relational databases. Database management
systems such as Oracle, MySQL and Microsoft SQL
Server have started to build on this model, providing
more flexible and structured approaches to data
storage[3]. The next important stage in the history of
information systems was the era of relational
databases. In 1970, Edgar Codd proposed the concept
Volume 03 Issue 11-2023
121
International Journal of Pedagogics
(ISSN
–
2771-2281)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
11
P
AGES
:
119-123
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
6.
676
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
of relational databases, which led to the creation of the
Structured Query Language SQL (Structured Query
Language). These technologies have provided more
convenient and efficient methods for storing and
retrieving data. With the development of computers,
there was a need for efficient data storage and
management. This led to the concept of databases in
the 1960s. The first data models, such as network and
hierarchical,
became
popular
for
structuring
information. In the 1970s, Edgar Codd made a
significant contribution by proposing a relational
database data model. This concept gave impetus to the
creation of unified and more flexible data storage
systems. Relational databases such as Oracle and IBM
DB2 have become an important tool for organizations.
3. Development of network and object-oriented
databases
In the late 1970s and early 1980s, networked and
object-oriented
databases
appeared.
These
technologies became more flexible in processing
complex data structures and provided higher
performance in certain scenarios. In the 1980s, with the
expansion of computer networks and the advent of
client-server architectures, information systems
became more decentralized. The development of
distributed databases has made it possible to
exchange data more efficiently between different
network nodes[4]. A revolutionary event occurred in
1970, when Edgar Codd introduced the relational
database model. This model offered a standard
approach to data storage based on a tabular structure.
This marked the beginning of the era of relational
databases, which have become widespread in business
and scientific research.
4. Achievements in the field of distributed systems
In the 1980s, with the advent of computer networks,
information systems became more distributed. This
has opened up new opportunities for data exchange
between different network nodes. The development
of client-server architectures has become a major
trend, allowing more efficient management of
databases and resources. With the development of
computer networks in the 1990s, the problem of data
management in distributed systems became urgent.
With the advent of the Internet at the end of the 20th
century, information systems have become more
accessible and scalable. There was a need to process
and analyze huge amounts of data, which led to the era
of big data. Database management systems (DBMS)
have become more complex and powerful, allowing
you to efficiently process and analyze huge amounts of
information[5]. With the spread of the Internet and the
need for data processing on distributed platforms, new
challenges began to appear. Distributed databases
have become actively used to provide access to data
from various sources. Technologies such as client-
server systems have made a significant contribution to
providing access to data from various points of the
network. In the 1990s and 2000s, with the spread of
the Internet and digital technologies, information
systems became increasingly interconnected. This led
to the era of big data, where huge amounts of
information required new approaches to its processing
and storage. To date, information systems and
database management continue to evolve. Cloud
technologies provide new opportunities for data
storage and processing, and artificial intelligence and
machine learning are being introduced to improve
analytics and forecasting. With the development of
cloud technologies in the 2010s, information systems
have acquired even greater scalability and flexibility[6].
Artificial intelligence has become a key element in data
Volume 03 Issue 11-2023
122
International Journal of Pedagogics
(ISSN
–
2771-2281)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
11
P
AGES
:
119-123
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
6.
676
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
management, providing analysis and forecasting
capabilities.
5. The emergence of Big Data and cloud technologies
In the last decade, there has been an explosive growth
in data volumes, which led to the creation of the
concept of Big Data. Cloud technologies have become
a popular means of storing and processing data,
providing flexibility and scalability. With the advent of
Big Data and cloud technologies, modern IS and DBMS
are faced with the need to process and store huge
amounts of data. Technologies such as Hadoop and
NoSQL databases provide solutions for working with
such data scales.
6. Modern trends in the development of information
systems
Today, information systems are actively implementing
artificial intelligence, machine learning, blockchain and
other innovative approaches[7]. These technologies
provide more accurate analytics, automation of
routine tasks and improved data security.
Conclusion. The history of the development of
information systems and database management
demonstrates a constant desire to improve the
efficiency of data processing and management. With
each stage, new technologies appeared that meet the
challenges of their time. Currently, we are in the phase
of intensive implementation of modern technologies
that are shaping the future of information systems and
database
management.
The
history
of
the
development of information systems and DBMS is a
history of constant striving for efficiency, accessibility
and integration of data. Modern technologies are built
on the foundation laid generations earlier, and
continue to evolve, bringing new and new innovations
to our everyday experience. Understanding this story
allows us to use modern technologies more
purposefully to make our world even more connected
and intelligent.
The historical context of the development of
information systems and database management
demonstrates their continuous improvement and
adaptation to the changing requirements of society
and business. From simple accounting programs to
complex big data processing systems, these
technologies have become an integral part of our daily
lives, providing reliable and efficient information
management.
REFERENCES
1.
Кодд, Э. Ф. (1970). "A Relational Model of Data
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Stonebraker, M., & Rowe, L. (1986). "The
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Stonebraker, M., Brown, P., Zhang, D., & Becla,
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Volume 03 Issue 11-2023
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VOLUME
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ISSUE
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SJIF
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(2022:
5.
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)
(2023:
6.
676
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
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