Volume 03 Issue 11-2023
98
International Journal of Pedagogics
(ISSN
–
2771-2281)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
11
P
AGES
:
98-104
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
6.
676
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ABSTRACT
The article provides a scientific justification of the concept of "deontological competence of future future speech
therapists". The normative-legal and value-essential aspects of studying the deontological competence of future
speech therapists are analyzed. On the basis of the competence approach, the specifics, structure and stages of the
formation of the deontological competence of teachers working with people with disabilities are revealed.
KEYWORDS
Deontological competence, future speech therapist, speech disorder, ethical and deontological concepts,
deontological criteria, competence, norms of professional behaviour.
INTRODUCTION
Recently, speech therapy has been intensively
developing in the field of speech therapy, innovative
areas of correctional and pedagogical work are
emerging, new ways of correcting complex speech
disorders are being developed and implemented, and
experts are discussing factors affecting the success of
speech therapy correction. The researchers identify
various ways to optimize the correctional and
pedagogical process aimed at overcoming speech
disorders, including improving the quality of speech
therapy work with children with speech disorders
(T.B.Filicheva,
G.V.Chirkina,
O.M.Vershinina),
improving the professional skills of speech therapists
(M.N.Povalyaeva, S.N.Sazonova, N.A.Oskolskaya et
al.).
Research Article
TECHNOLOGY OF DEVELOPMENT OF PROFESSIONAL CULTURE OF
FUTURE SPEECH THERAPISTS BASED ON THE DEONTOLOGICAL
APPROACH
Submission Date:
November 09, 2023,
Accepted Date:
November 14, 2023,
Published Date:
November 19, 2023
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ijp/Volume03Issue11-20
Barno Kh. Khusniddinova
Lecturer, Department Of Speech At The Tashkent State Pedagogical University Named After Nizami Tashkent,
Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ijp
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 03 Issue 11-2023
99
International Journal of Pedagogics
(ISSN
–
2771-2281)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
11
P
AGES
:
98-104
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
6.
676
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
THE MAIN RESULTS AND FINDINGS
Comparative analysis and generalization of available
scientific data indicates that the success of speech
therapy work depends not only on the degree of
proficiency of a specialist in speech therapy
technologies, but also on whether he is able to
adequately assess his own professional activity and
properly interact with other participants in the
correctional process.
The features of this kind of interaction are studied by
many researchers. The interaction of a speech
therapist with a child with a speech disorder was
studied in the works of B.M. Grinshpun, R.E. Levina,
O.V. Pravdina, O.A. Tokareva, M.E. Khvattsev, Yu.F.
Garkushi, L.R. Davidovich, T.S. Reznichenko, etc.
Researchers are developing forms of joint work of a
speech therapist and a family raising a child with a
speech disorder (Yu.F. Garkusha, T. Danilina, Yu.P.
Dokuchaeva, O.L. Zvereva, N. Mishina, V.V. Yurtaikin,
etc.). Other authors reveal certain aspects of
professional relations between a speech therapist and
other specialists: a speech therapist and doctors
involved in the correction of speech disorders (L.I.
Belyakova, T.G. Wiesel, E.V. Lavrov, E.M. Mastyukova,
Shokhor-Trotskaya, etc.); a speech therapist and
teachers, psychologists of preschool and school
educational
institutions (S.N. Shakhovskaya, V.I. Seliverstov, S.N.
Sazonova, N.L. Krylova, L.N. Efimenkova, I.N.
Sadovnikova, etc.).
However, despite the abundance of scientific papers
devoted to the problems of interaction between a
speech therapist and other participants in the
correctional and pedagogical process, no special
research has been conducted on the problem of
studying professional and ethical norms in the work of
a speech therapist at the present time.
In this regard, it is necessary to systematize and
generalize the existing ethical and deontological
concepts and develop deontological criteria regulating
the professional activity of a speech therapist teacher.
Historical background of the formation of deontology
in speech therapy the content of the term
"deontology" was first revealed by the English
utilitarian philosopher I. Bentham, author of the book
"Deontology, or the science of morality". This work is
currently of particular relevance and scientific value,
because in it Bentham not only singled out deontology
as a science that has the right to exist, but also revealed
the main provisions of this science, its categorical
apparatus, tasks and principles.
The word "deontology" is formed from two Greek
words: the first in translation into Russian means due,
and the second - knowledge, knowledge of what is
right and should. Thus, in deontology, those ethical
aspects of professional activity that are not subject to
public legislation are analyzed and discussed. As a
science, it is the knowledge of what should be done in
a specific professional practice.
The main principle on which the science of deontology
is based is the principle of utility. Utility is understood
as the property of an object according to which it has
the desire to prevent harm, suffering, evil or
misfortune, to bring good, benefit, pleasure, good or
happiness: if this party is a whole society, then the
happiness of this society is achieved; if it is an
individual, then the happiness of this particular person.
Volume 03 Issue 11-2023
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International Journal of Pedagogics
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OCLC
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1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
Despite the fact that the term "deontology" appeared
only at the beginning of the XIX century, the study of
deontological problems was engaged in antiquity.
The problem of the relationship between man and
morality was studied by Democritus. He defined man
as a natural being, the highest criterion for the
expediency of whose activity is benefit. "Give up any
pleasure that is not useful," wrote Democritus.
Aristotle explored ethical issues in order to help people
become better and make society more perfect.
Aristotle's ethics is a practical science about the
virtues, goodness and happiness of a person, which
make him fit for such a life and worthy of bliss. Its goal
is not knowledge in itself, but knowledge of actions.
Ethics, as Aristotle believed, is especially useful
because it has life experience, a way to control oneself
and subordinate one's actions to a conscious goal.
Seneca developed a kind of code of conduct or
regulations, which should "be held with both hands by
a person striving for moral perfection, never leave
them, but assimilate and make as if part of his own
being." The provisions formulated by him are still
relevant today.
The development of ethics in Russia is based on the
awareness of the intrinsic value of life, the moral
sanctification of life as a fundamental value, and a life
filled with spiritual meaning, which has been
interpreted differently in philosophical concepts.
These ideas created the fundamental basis of the
ethical positions of Russian philosophers - from the
cosmism of the ethics of the unity of V.S. Solovyov to
the philosophical anthropology of N.G.Chernyshevsky,
N.A.Berdyaev
to
the
Christian
socialism
of
S.N.Bulgakov.
In the process of historical development, ethics has
come a long way from describing the difference
between good and bad temper and everyday advice to
a complex, multi-level system of humanitarian
knowledge. Within the boundaries of ethics as a
science, a theoretical study of the role of morality in
culture
and
the
development
of
practical
recommendations on how to behave in various
spheres of society are combined.
Ethics is divided into theoretical and applied.
Theoretical ethics is aimed at the study of the system
of morality in general. It includes the teaching about
the essence, specifics and functions of morality, about
its connection with other aspects of human existence,
about individual elements of moral consciousness and
behavior (justice, duty, responsibility, conscience,
dignity, etc.), about the origin and historical
development of morality, etc.
Applied ethics studies the functioning of morality in
certain spheres of human life. The emergence of
applied ethics is due to the fact that in some spheres of
society, moral life acquires a special "density" and
intensity. This happens for various reasons.
The nature of moral relations can significantly worsen
due to changes in the subjects and objects of these
relations. Therefore, there is a need for special moral
restrictions in the relationship between doctors and
patients, healthy and sick people. Biomedical ethics has
developed on this basis. The term "bioethics" was
proposed by V.R. Potter in 1969.
Currently, bioethics in Russia is just beginning to
develop. It promotes the humanization of medical
activity, moral self-awareness of the professional
community of doctors. This scientific direction helps to
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03
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Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
form new ethical regulations, awareness of moral
conflicts and dilemmas that doctors and biologists face
in their work.
The formation of bioethics in our country presupposes
an understanding of the common traditions that
existed in ethical thought in Russia, an analysis of their
philosophical foundations and the horizons that they
open up in new human relations to life.
Biomedical ethics has become an object of interest to
the whole society. Ethical decisions are no longer made
only by the doctor, the patient and the family. They
have become the subject of court proceedings, public
discussions, collective decision-making and even
legislative actions. In some countries, commissions for
the study of ethical problems in medicine, experts on
medical ethics are involved in the work of the courts,
ethical committees are formed in hospitals.
Consequently, the moral norms of the broad strata of
society go beyond the provision of assistance to the
patient in the fair distribution of health services.
The requirements and norms of biomedical ethics are
based on the interests of the patient and health
promotion. This principle simultaneously acquires the
features of globality, total universality, universal value
when it comes to the relationship between man,
society and nature. The particular and the general
combine to form one harmonious whole.
The first area of knowledge in which deontology has
been widely used is medicine. The general provisions of
medical ethics were set forth 24 centuries ago by
Hippocrates (460-377 BC) in the "Oath". The doctor
must clearly and conscientiously perform his
professional duties, he treats his teachers with respect
and reverence, "directs the regime of patients to their
benefit, refraining from causing them any harm." A
doctor should never give his patients a lethal medicine.
A number of requirements are imposed on the lifestyle
of the doctor himself, which are manifested in high
morality, responsibility for his words and actions,
observance of cleanliness and accuracy in everyday life.
In the speech therapy literature, the need for an
integrated approach to the diagnosis and correction of
speech disorders is repeatedly noted, which involves
the interaction of various specialists - a speech
therapist, doctors of different specialties, teachers,
etc. E.M.Mastyukova writes that "all personnel
working with a child must observe professional ethics.
The diagnosis and prognosis of each child should be
the subject of professional secrecy of specialists." In
the elimination of speech disorders, the leading is
speech therapy, which is implemented in education,
training, correction, compensation, adaptation,
rehabilitation.
Particular importance is attached to conducting a
comprehensive
medical,
psychological
and
pedagogical examination of a person suffering from a
speech disorder. There are some comments regarding
the possible reason for the interaction of a speech
therapist and other specialists. For example, Shokhor-
Trotskaya emphasizes that a speech therapist must
"necessarily find out from a doctor the nature of a
violation of cerebral circulation or the features of a
traumatic brain injury" in a patient with aphasia. She
also notes that "good contact with the patient's
attending physician" is important for a speech
therapist. E.M.Mastyukova believes that "any child
with speech lag needs the advice of a child
neuropsychiatrist".
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Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
The opinion is expressed that "the successful
correction of speech disorders largely depends on the
joint efforts of all specialists", "the capabilities and
proper teamwork of a speech pathologist, speech
therapist, doctor, psychologist and parents." It is
emphasized that the establishment of contact with a
person with a speech disorder (for example, aphasia)
is "the result of the fusion of scientific knowledge" of
a specialist, "and his ability to make contact... the art of
communication" with him. The establishment of a
speech therapist's contact with children, adolescents
or adults with speech disorders is given priority for the
successful course of subsequent correctional work.
Taking into account the individual characteristics of the
child - both positive and negative - is recognized as an
important principle of the correctional work of all
specialists. Among the emotional reactions that need
to be taken into account in the process of getting to
know and establishing contact with a child, first of all it
is necessary to keep in mind fear, anger and pleasure.
At the same time, the peculiarity of emotional
reactions in children is manifested in their short
duration, intensity and inadequacy to the stimulus.
Before contacting a child, it is necessary to disconnect
from personal worries and tune in to understanding,
empathy, empathy, compassion for the feelings of the
child and his parents, to create a "dominant on the face
of another." The child should feel attention, love and
protection.
The prerequisite for success in speech therapy is the
creation of favorable conditions for overcoming
speech disorders: emotional contact of the speech
therapist with the child; an interesting form of
organization of classes corresponding to the leading
activity that encourages the cognitive activity of the
child; a combination of work techniques to avoid
fatigue. The impact on a child with a speech disorder is
associated with the normalization of social contacts
with other people.
Depending on various factors (the type of speech
disorder, the psychophysiological characteristics of the
child, the technologies of correctional work used, etc.),
the speech therapist selects and applies various
methods of correction. For example, when correcting
stuttering using a certain sequence of speech forms,
excessive (or inadequate) speech activity of children is
recommended to be "tactfully restrained" at certain
stages of the development of independent speech, it is
impossible to force children to repeat the spoken word
or phrase with stuttering.
The tasks and main directions of interaction between a
speech therapist and a teacher of special preschool
groups are revealed more often and in more detail in
the special literature.
The uniformity of the approaches of the speech
therapist and educator to speech work with children,
continuity in the requirements, as well as in the content
and methods of correctional, educational and
educational work, the complexity and variety of means
of speech development and elimination of its
shortcomings, the use of the leading type of play
activity is the key to success in speech therapy work.
The kindergarten teacher for children with speech
disorders performs, in addition to general education
tasks, a number of correctional tasks aimed at
eliminating deficiencies in the sensory, affective-
volitional, intellectual spheres due to the peculiarities
of the speech defect. The task of the educator also
includes the creation of a friendly environment in the
children's collective, strengthening the children's faith
in their own abilities, smoothing out negative
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Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
experiences associated with impaired speech activity,
forming interest in classes.
CONCLUSION
Correctional and pedagogical work to overcome
speech disorders is carried out in various directions,
depending on the tasks set by the speech therapist. In
many cases, it precedes speech therapy classes,
providing the necessary cognitive base and
motivational base for the formation of speech skills, in
other cases, the educator focuses his attention on
consolidating the results achieved in speech therapy
classes.
The task of the educator also includes daily monitoring
of the state of children's speech activity at each period
of the correctional process. The educator activates the
speech activity of children, controls the correct use of
set or corrected sounds, worked out grammatical
forms, if necessary, corrects the child's speech in a
tactful manner.
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