Volume 03 Issue 11-2023
17
International Journal of Pedagogics
(ISSN
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2771-2281)
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03
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OCLC
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1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ABSTRACT
In this paper, the modern scientific and technological achievements of the organization of laboratory work in
pedagogical higher educational institutions, the improvement of digital technologies with the help of software tools,
and modern teaching methods are researched. In particular, the detection of diffusion phenomena using the Phet
software environment is considered in detail.
KEYWORDS
Real laboratory, virtual laboratory, method, Phet, quality of education, digital technologies, software.
INTRODUCTION
The decision of the President of the Republic of
Uzbekistan No. PQ-5032 of March 19, 2021 on measures
to improve the quality of education and develop
scientific research in the field of physics contains the
following sentences:
Today, it is important to improve the quality of physics
teaching in educational institutions, to introduce
modern teaching methods into the educational
process, to select talented students, to prepare
competitive specialists for the labor market, to
develop scientific research and innovations, and to
Research Article
IMPROVING THE METHODOLOGY OF USING SOFTWARE IN
ORGANIZING VIRTUAL LABORATORY COURSES IN PHYSICS
Submission Date:
October 29, 2023,
Accepted Date:
November 03, 2023,
Published Date:
November 08, 2023
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ijp/Volume03Issue11-05
Karshiboev Shavkat Esirgapovich
Finland Pedagogical Institute, Samarkand City, Spitamen Shokh Street No 166, Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ijp
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 03 Issue 11-2023
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direct them to practical results. attention is paid
14.06.23\PQ-5032 19.03.2021.pdf [1].
Fundamentally improving the quality of education in
physics, training highly qualified pedagogues and
scientific staff, providing educational institutions with
modern laboratories, textbooks and other educational
equipment.
Development
of
the
potential
of
scientific
organizations, effective organization of their activities,
establishment of mutual dialogue and cooperation
between the fields of science and production, as
defined in the Address of the President of the Republic
of Uzbekistan to the Oliy Majlis of December 29, 2020
ensuring timely implementation of tasks 681-IV
07.01.2021.pdf [2]:
Taking into account the above, modern methods of
teaching physics, including the wide introduction of
information
and
communication
technologies,
focusing on the use of modern methods and methods
in training, have been researched in terms of current
problems and their modern solutions.
Since physics is not only a fundamental, but also an
experimental science, it is necessary for a future
physics teacher to have comprehensive theoretical and
practical knowledge and skills in this field [3]. It is clear
from this that any physics teacher is required to have
deep and solid knowledge of modern achievements
and discoveries of physics, and theoretical knowledge
is lacking. The role of laboratory training is
incomparable in applying theoretical knowledge in
practice, in becoming a fully qualified person in the
field of physics.
Currently, students in the field of physics are faced with
various problems in the organization of laboratory
classes in physics in higher educational institutions.
Pedagogical research, studies, and observations have
shown that the preparation of students in physics and
mathematics and the formation levels of basic
experimental skills in laboratory classes show that
students are studying at different levels. [4]. In physics
lessons, students have a very high desire to do
laboratory work, and on the contrary, the presence of
students with very low ability. In order to receive it, it
is necessary to carry out laboratory exercises and
improve and develop modern innovative methods.
When students do laboratory work in physics classes,
they pay a lot of attention to which section of the
physics course they are in. In the department of
mechanics, the laboratory work is somewhat simpler
and requires more work from the student, which
develops experimental skills that include mental and
practical skills in conducting experiments.
Things are a little more interesting in the molecular
physics department. In the existing laboratories of
higher educational institutions, the students try to do
the work more as a team, which means that all the
students do the same work and each student receives
the results individually. reduces interest in work.
The work in the electrical department is somewhat
interesting for these students, and if we look more at
the programs in the pedagogical institute, there are
laboratories related to everyday life. is interested, the
results of which are that most of the equipment at
work is connected with electricity.
The fact that numbers are visible in modern laboratory
devices and the percentage of error of the results
obtained in the work is a reason for the interest of the
students, and the laboratory work of the optics
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Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
department also increases the interest and enthusiasm
of the students to some extent.
When students perform laboratory work, it cannot be
assumed that all students in the group perform the
same work and get the results. In this case, there are
cases of displacement, taking into account this, it is
necessary to recommend modern methods of
organizing laboratory training. In the course of
training, we may face several problems in the
organization of the lesson process with real laboratory
work, taking into account this, it is necessary to use
digital technologies in the performance of laboratory
work and coordinate it with virtual laboratory work
through modern software tools.
Today, many educational institutions are using
innovative
technologies
in
the
educational
environment, including virtual laboratories to work on
physics, chemistry, biology, ecology, and other
subjects, because the educational institution has many
learning events and experiments that are very difficult
or impossible. Effective use of interactive tools in the
educational process not only improves the quality of
education but also saves financial resources and
creates a safe, environmentally friendly environment.
METHOD
According to A. A. Akhmedov, before allowing the
student to perform the laboratory work, he should
complete the tests on the theoretical topic. After the
teacher checks to what extent the student has
prepared for the subject in the process of solving the
test, he allows him to do the laboratory work [4].
For students not to look lightly at laboratory work and
to keep the necessary equipment as an eyeball, as well
as if allowed after the level of theoretical training is
recorded by the teacher, we will increase the
responsibility for laboratory work, which will serve to
increase the quality of education. [3.4].
Taking into account the rapid increase in the demand
for laboratory equipment in physics, as well as the
correct allocation and efficient use of time by students,
the use of information technologies in the
performance of laboratory work is appropriate. [5].
Several works are being carried out to increase the
effectiveness of education using the development of
21st-century technology in conducting laboratory work
in physics in a modern way. Nowadays, one of the
important effects of digital technologies in science and
education is virtual laboratories.
What is a "virtual laboratory"? V.V. According to
Truxin's definition, a virtual laboratory is a set of
hardware and software that allows experiments to be
carried out without or without direct contact with a
real installation. [5,6]. In the first case, we are dealing
with a remotely accessible laboratory setup, which
includes the actual laboratory, software, and hardware
to control the setup and digitize the acquired data, as
well as communication tools. In the second case, all
processes are modeled using a computer [5-8].
The virtual educational laboratory is by the idea of
open and distance education, and material and
technical possibilities in the educational process
reduce the urgency of problems, even if they are small,
and help.
D.I. The results of Troitsky's research on the impact of
the use of virtual laboratories on the quality of
education are noteworthy. It states that through the
use of virtual labs, student achievement has increased
Volume 03 Issue 11-2023
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International Journal of Pedagogics
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VOLUME
03
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SJIF
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(2023:
6.
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OCLC
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1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
by 17.7% and lab time has been reduced by 10-50%.
[5.6.7].
The use of digital technologies in the process of
teaching physics, the demonstration of physical
phenomena and processes that are technically very
difficult or completely impossible to fully demonstrate
in laboratory conditions, expanding the possibilities of
conducting high-quality laboratory training, and
simulating various processes and phenomena allows to
do [6,7].
RESULTS
«Physics Education Technology» (PhET) The platform
was created by K. Wiman, laureate of the 2001 Nobel
Prize in Natural Sciences. The PhET platform includes
models for various topics, created in Java and
Macromedia flash.
The models presented on the PhET platform are Open
Source and can be used by any user for free.
PhET program http://phet.colorado.edu you can
download from the platform. Models in the PhET
program can be widely used as demonstration
experiments in physics, chemistry, mathematics and
biology classes, and in the organization of virtual
laboratory exercises. [6.10] There is a "Translated
Sims" section on the official platform of the program,
where it is possible to select the desired model and
translate it into Uzbek by filling out a special account.
In this work, we present the process of carrying out the
laboratory work "Study of Diffusion Phenomenon" in
order to clarify the methods of using the program for
students to strengthen and develop theoretical
knowledge:
Topic: Study of the phenomenon of diffusion
The purpose of the work: to observe the "Diffusion
Phenomenon" in the PhET programming environment.
Virtual elements: Thermometer, scale ruler to
determine the mass number, scale ruler to determine
the radius of the particles.
Theoretical part. Diffusion phenomenon.
Diffusion refers to the transfer of molecules of one
substance to another substance, and molecules of the
second substance to the first substance.
Let's perform the following experiment to observe the
phenomenon of diffusion in liquids. Let's take a glass
and put a teaspoon of sugar in it. Then let's pour water
very slowly, without mixing with sugar. After a while,
we see that the water at the bottom of the glass is
cloudy. This is sugar syrup. Try taking a sip without
shaking the glass. Drink again after 15-20 minutes. How
has the taste of water changed?
Now let's conduct the experiment with water and
manganese (potassium permanganate). In this case,
we observe the progress of diffusion by the fact that
the color of the water in the glass starts to change from
the bottom [8.9.10].
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Figure 1
The phenomenon of diffusion is also observed in solids.
They had such an experiment. They took two plates of
highly polished lead and gold and placed them on top
of each other. They put a load on them and left them
at room temperature for 4-5 years. After that, when
they were taken out, it was observed that the plates
had penetrated each other by about 1 mm.
The pyramids of Egypt were built of hewn stones. But
the rain does not pass through the joints of these
stones. Because the contact layers have been mutually
diffused because they have been touching each other
under load for a thousand years.
Therefore, the phenomenon of diffusion is faster in
gases, slower in liquids, and very slowly in solids. The
rate of diffusion also depends on the temperature.
Diffusion accelerates with increasing temperature.
Diffusion plays an important role in nature.
For example, due to diffusion, toxic gases from
industrial enterprises spread into the air. Carbon
dioxide released during exhalation does not
accumulate around the nose. Pickling vegetables is
also based on the phenomenon of diffusion.
Diffusion is of great importance in human and animal
life. For example, oxygen in the air enters the div
through human skin due to diffusion. Due to diffusion,
nutrients pass from the intestines of animals into the
blood.
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Order of work:
1. In the Phet window, select the "Heat&Thermo" section.
Figure 2
2. Run the Diffusion simulation from the opened simulations.
Figure 3
3. In the upper right corner of the window, observe
the diffusion process by changing the number of
particles, the number of masses, the radius of the
particles and the temperature of both gases.
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Figure 4
Figure 5
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Figure 6
Control questions
1. What is the cause of the diffusion phenomenon?
2. Why does diffusion speed up with an increase in
temperature?
3. Give examples of diffusion phenomena observed in
gases, liquids and solids.
4. Do you know immiscible liquids?
If the student completes this virtual lab work
independently, he can also complete the lab work
related to the rest of his topics in the PhET
programming environment or through other programs
listed above.
Taking into account that higher education institutions
of pedagogy mainly train teachers for schools and
academic lyceums, due to the lack of physics
laboratory equipment in the workplaces of graduates
of higher education institutions or their outdatedness,
the future physics teacher used modern technology.
especially if we take into account the interest of
schoolchildren in computers, smart communication
tools and the presence of most of the technical tools in
them, the virtual laboratory allows to do the work
without difficulty. If students perform tasks using
modern tools, their interest in the field of physics and
their desire for discovery will develop. Today's demand
for laboratory work avoids the "old-fashioned"
uniformity, and the transition to digital technologies
increases the effectiveness of teaching [11.12.13].
Today demands to avoid old ways of doing laboratory
work, move to new ideas and models, and increase the
effectiveness of teaching [4]. role has a special place.
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The student can perform the virtual laboratory work
independently without choosing a place and time
through smart communication tools, which increases
the student's enthusiasm and develops interest in
science and creativity.
CONCLUSION
Our research shows that before performing the
laboratory work, the student should be given complete
instruction on the topic of the laboratory work in the
science program, and each student should read and
study this instruction independently, and the student
should not understand the knowledge in it, or first ask
the teacher questions about the tools and equipment
and get to know the instructions on how to do the
work, and then reinforce the information given in the
instructions in the form of a short question-and-answer
session between the student and the teacher will be
appropriate.
Organizing the laboratory work in real and virtual form,
led to an increase in the student's knowledge of
physics and an increase in the quality and efficiency of
the educational process. In addition to acquiring deep
and solid knowledge and skills in physics, the student
plans to learn and apply the knowledge gained in the
future, using the unique aspects of the physics
teaching methodology, i.e. the use of digital and
pedagogical technologies in teaching. will cry.
The organization of classes using modern digital
technology tools in the performance of laboratory
work in higher educational institutions of pedagogy is
different from ordinary laboratory classes, the fact that
real and virtual laboratory work is carried out together
is interesting, useful, and effective for students, and
the quality of the lesson has increased. observed.
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