Volume 03 Issue 10-2023
36
International Journal of Pedagogics
(ISSN
–
2771-2281)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
10
P
AGES
:
36-42
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
6.
676
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ABSTRACT
In this article, the role and importance of practical training in General Earth Science in the development of professional
training of future geography teachers in higher educational institutions is highlighted. It reveals the achievements that
can be achieved through the proper organization of practical training, the theoretical knowledge that students should
acquire, educational tools, and the issues of the proper organization of independent work of students.
KEYWORDS
Geography, General Earth knowledge, practical training, knowledge, skills, competence, teaching aids, independent
work, subject competence.
INTRODUCTION
The use of practical exercises and independent
education in the process of teaching geography plays
an important role in developing students' independent
work skills based on theoretical knowledge, increasing
interest in science, and educating their aspirations for
education. The formation of the skills of applying the
acquired new knowledge in pedagogical practice
makes it possible for students to discover new
knowledge.
Carrying out the practical exercises given in the
curriculum will help students develop the knowledge,
skills, and abilities necessary for life activities, in
particular, working with geographical sources, solving
problems and exercises, reading cards, pictures,
Research Article
DEVELOPMENT OF PROFESSIONAL TRAINING OF FUTURE GEOGRAPHY
TEACHERS IN PRACTICAL COURSES FROM GENERAL EARTH
KNOWLEDGE
Submission Date:
October 06, 2023,
Accepted Date:
October 11, 2023,
Published Date:
October 16, 2023
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ijp/Volume03Issue10-07
Nodirakhan B. Sultanova
Senior Lecturer, Department Of Geography And Its Teaching Methods, Tashkent State Pedagogical University
Named After Nizmi, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ijp
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 03 Issue 10-2023
37
International Journal of Pedagogics
(ISSN
–
2771-2281)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
10
P
AGES
:
36-42
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
6.
676
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
drawings, graphs, diagrams and tables of various
contents, It is of particular importance in forming the
skills of working with meteorological instruments and
performing tasks assigned to them. This, in turn,
directs students to acquire knowledge about the
interdependence of natural components, changes in
the geographical crust and their positive and negative
consequences, participation in activities related to
nature protection, observation of economic processes
in the world economy, etc.
THE MAIN RESULTS AND FINDINGS
The characteristic aspect of the science of geography
is characterized by the fact that it has general
educational features, the unique aspect of mastering
the science is the acquisition of geographical
knowledge from various sources, the ability to master
texts obtained from cartographic and statistical data.
During practical training, students acquire knowledge
and skills such as working with geographic experts,
using different methods in the educational process,
preparing for independent work, etc.
The teaching methodology of geography shows that it
is impossible to give ready-made directions for a
specific situation in practical classes, because the
teacher's skills in real practical activities, his training in
the subject, his personal qualities, and at the same time
the characteristics of students determine many things
[3].
Variety of practical exercises in teaching general Earth
knowledge in relation to the content of this course, it
is also related to the age characteristics of the
students, the resources recommended for them, and
the previous level of preparation of the students.
By doing practical exercises in general Earth science,
students will learn that the geographical crust is a
whole system - the result of long-term interactions and
interrelationships of the lithosphere, hydrosphere,
atmosphere and biosphere, the emergence of natural
processes occurring in the geographical crust and their
development
characteristics,
causes
and
consequences, knowledge about the creation of the
universe, galaxies, solar system, planets, the structure
of the Earth, processes and events occurring in nature
and society, and their knowledge about their
interrelation develops [1].
During the practical training, students will be able to
bring the independent activity of students to a higher
level in the evaluation of the earth's crust, the solar
system, the changes in the geographical crust, their
development.
It is intended to achieve the following achievements by
organizing practical training in the science of general
Earth science:
-
to develop the skills of using maps, statistical data,
geoinformation system and resources to find
geographic information;
-
mastering the system of geographical knowledge,
the changes taking place on the earth in relation to
nature, changes in the population and economy at
the level of all regions, global problems arising in
relation to geographical processes and finding
their solutions, geographical production methods,
the variety of processes and objects involved in it
as a whole study;
-
acquisition of skills acquisition of skills to combine
global, regional and local approaches to describe
and analyze natural, socio-economic, geopolitical
processes and phenomena;
Volume 03 Issue 10-2023
38
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Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
-
development of cognitive interests, development
of cognitive interests, intellectual and creative
abilities by familiarizing with the most important
geographical features and problems of major
countries on earth;
-
education of patriotism. Cultivating a careful
attitude towards other peoples and their culture,
the environment;
-
use of various geographical methods, knowledge
and skills, as well as geographical information in
their practical activities;
-
to be able to correctly evaluate important social
and economic information on the Internet, to take
into account development trends in Uzbekistan
and other countries;
-
such as understanding the geographical specifics
and educational programs of rapid development of
the tourism industry in large regions and countries.
•
In the process of practical training, schematic cards
are made based on various geographical
phenomena and processes, their territorial
interaction. Constructed schematic maps make it
possible to determine the laws of geographical
phenomena and currents.
•
Students must have the following theoretical
knowledge while performing practical work from
general knowledge:
-
basic geographical concepts and terms, traditional
and modern methods of geographical research;
-
Universe, universe, metagalaxy, galaxy, Milky Way
galaxy, Solar system: Sun, planets, moons,
asteroids, comets, meteors and meteorites, their
place in the Solar system and their characteristics;
-
processes and phenomena occurring in the
geographical environment, their causes, laws of
development and their positive and negative
consequences;
-
the longitudinal and transverse structure of the
geographical crust as a whole system, the
components of the geographical crust, the
movements in it, the reasons for their origin and
the laws of development;
-
Features of the Earth as a planet: its place in the
solar system, its shape, dimensions, equatorial and
polar radius, chemical composition, movements
and its geographical consequences, the influence
of space on the Earth;
-
lithosphere and its dimensions, crust and its types,
structure, chemical composition, minerals, rocks,
geochronological
table,
platforms
and
geosynclines, rift zones and circular surfaces, relief,
internal and external factors that create relief,
relief forms of different sizes, mountains and
plains, their types according to their elevation and
origin, geographical distribution, morphosculpture
relief forms, types, ocean floor relief types and
their characteristics;
-
the hydrosphere, physical and chemical properties
of water, its components: ocean waters and
terrestrial waters, the World Ocean, its parts,
properties, movements, underground and surface
waters, components and hydrographic properties,
the current state and problems of their use;
-
the atmosphere, its structure and composition, air
masses, solar radiation and its types, atmospheric
pressure, winds, cyclones and anticyclones,
atmospheric movement, weather and climate,
heat and climate regions, problems arising as a
result of the influence of human activity on the
atmosphere;
-
biosphere, types of organisms and their
geographical distribution, natural zones and
altitude regions, landscapes;
Volume 03 Issue 10-2023
39
International Journal of Pedagogics
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Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
-
the interaction of society and nature and human
influence on geographical processes, geographical
predictions, types of predictions, etc.
Of course, the acquisition of the above knowledge by
the students in the practical lessons of General Earth
Knowledge depends on the correct selection of
educational tools by the pedagogue on the subject
being studied. The correct selection and advance
preparation of the tools necessary for completing
tasks play an important role in the effectiveness of
practical training.
Teaching tools are various sources of knowledge
included in the educational process for the purpose of
forming knowledge, skills and abilities. Instructiveness
in teaching allows students to expand their geographic
horizons, understand the subject and master it
thoroughly. According to the curriculum, the learning
material that students should master is taken from
various
sources,
including
various
literature,
geographical atlases, contour maps, visual aids, tables,
pictures, diagrams, graphs, etc. [3,7].
Of course, the effective use of educational tools
depends on the methods and technologies used in the
teaching process. Interdependence between methods
and teaching tools is an integral process. Teaching
tools are used based on different methods.
The main task of teaching tools is to provide visibility in
the process of learning. When using them during
practical training classes, it is necessary to follow the
rules of the lesson and follow the rules established
during the educational process. Absence or lack of
teaching tools reduces the quality of education to a
certain extent, causes a decrease in cognitive activity
in pictorial visualization of processes. Too many
teaching aids also cause playfulness among students.
All educational tools used during the lesson - pictures,
graphs, tables, cards, slides, blackboards or screen-
displayed materials - should be visible to students.
Also, it is necessary to have a globe, a geographical
map, atlases, contour maps, textbooks and methodical
instructions in practical classes of geography, in
particular general Earth science. Because students use
these educational tools in almost every lesson and gain
relevant knowledge. For example, when discussing
topics related to the relief of the earth's surface, it is
necessary to have a geographical map and a map
without writing in order to determine the types of
plains and mountains according to their height, to form
a clear idea of their location and to remember them.
Also, performing practical tasks such as calculating the
distances between the extreme points of the
continents in degrees and kilometers, measuring the
length of rivers, calculating the area of the basin,
comparing objects to each other, and making
comparisons are carried out directly using the map and
contour map.
Practical training tasks are performed independently
by students based on the teacher's instructions.
Proper organization of students' independent work in
practical training classes plays a special role in the
professional training of future geography teachers.
Students' independent work is defined as any
educational tasks organized by the teacher for the
active work of students, determining the didactic goals
of the tasks, completing the tasks, searching for
sources of knowledge, strengthening the knowledge
learned on the basis of them, understanding its
essence, developing and strengthening knowledge,
Volume 03 Issue 10-2023
40
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OCLC
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1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
skills, skills based on it, systematization and
generalization of knowledge [5].
Independent work is a means of learning to perform
practical exercises, through which students learn:
-
Matching the didactic goals and tasks of a specific
problem;
-
to acquire the skills and qualifications formed in the
process of finding a solution to the task at each
step of the student's actions, i.e., the amount and
level of knowledge from I don't know to what I
know;
-
students acquire skills and qualifications by
systematically supplementing their knowledge
independently, pay attention to the flow of
information when performing new tasks aimed at
developing new cognitive activities.
Independent work is adapted to the students' learning
abilities, and its level of complexity increases from the
first level to the second level, satisfying the students'
ability to know.
It is important to give educational tasks that lead
students to creative activity in practical training
classes. Tasks leading to creative activity are
considered one of the most effective ways of
organizing the learning process of students in the
independent education system. An important aspect
of this activity is that it strengthens the skills to acquire
new knowledge independently. These types of tasks
are considered as a factor that forms the student's
personal creative and research characteristics, and
they are of particular importance not only in the future
teaching activity, but also in the direction of scientific
activity [2].
Tasks leading to creative activity allow separate
students with different levels of ability. Students with
a low level of knowledge do practical exercises slowly,
it is difficult for them to master the educational
material, and the teacher has to give them more
information. Most of the allotted time is spent only on
the task.
In practical training, it is appropriate to give such
students tasks that have the character of research,
using geographical sources. For example: trace the
routes traveled by travelers during the era of great
geographical discoveries on a blank map by studying
the maps drawn by them. Analyze the results obtained
using the study materials, map and atlas in the
textbook and study guide. In the process of completing
this task, the student will study the educational
materials in the textbooks and textbooks, analyze the
paths traveled by tourists, get a complete
understanding and idea about the geographical
naming and location of the names of places in the past
and now . Information on how to complete such a task
is given in the textbook.
CONCLUSION
As can be seen from the above, practical training is of
great importance in the professional preparation of
future geography teachers. Through the correct
organization of practical training classes, theoretical
knowledge acquired by students is transformed into
practical skills and competencies, and scientific
competencies are developed. Tasks related to the
strengthening of topics in practical training classes,
organized by the teacher at the level of demand, serve
to increase the efficiency of the lesson by making
students think about research, increase their working
skills, and form creative activities. That is why it is
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necessary to constantly improve the teaching
methodology of the practical exercises specified in the
geography courses and programs.
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