Volume 03 Issue 05-2023
21
International Journal of Pedagogics
(ISSN
–
2771-2281)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
05
Pages:
21-28
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
6.
676
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ABSTRACT
The formation and development of a personality is a complex process that can be accompanied by specific difficulties
and deviations, internal contradictions, inability to get used to various situations of social life. The article discusses
historical and modern approaches to the classification of deviant behavior of adolescents, as well as the classification
of the reasons for the deviation of adolescent behavior from social norms.
KEYWORDS
minors, deviant behavior, educational system, adolescence, adolescent psychology.
INTRODUCTION
It is known that in the early periods of human history,
the processes of social deviance and behavioral
deviation were considered immoral and were mainly
regulated by religious norms. The ancient Turanian
peoples also had a negative attitude towards social
deviance from time immemorial, and this attitude was
reflected in Zoroastrianism, Buddhism and other
religious teachings found in ancient Turan.
The founder of the Aristotelian movement in the
Middle Ages Muslim East in Turkestan is the
encyclopedic scholar Abu Nasr al-Farobi. Following
Aristotle, Farobi divided philosophy into two,
theoretical and practical, and included ethics in
practical philosophy. The problems of deviating from
moral norms were raised in his works such as "The
Book Showing the Way to Happiness", "About the
Attainment of Happiness", "Wisdom of a Statesman",
"The City of Virtuous People". Scientist gave a great
place to virtue in his views. Like Aristotle, he divided
virtues into two parts - virtues of speech (virtues based
on intellect) and virtues of character (moral virtues)
and emphasized their intermediate characteristics.
According to the opinion of our great compatriot, a
person needs a mature character, which is a product of
Research Article
HISTORICAL AND MODERN APPROACHES TO THE CLASSIFICATION OF
ADOLESCENT DEVIANT BEHAVIOR
Submission Date:
May 06, 2023,
Accepted Date:
May 11, 2023,
Published Date:
May 16, 2023
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ijp/Volume03Issue05-05
Shakhnoza Taylakova
Phd, Associate Professor, Journalism And Mass Communications University Of Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ijp
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 03 Issue 05-2023
22
International Journal of Pedagogics
(ISSN
–
2771-2281)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
05
Pages:
21-28
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
6.
676
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
habits that directs him to do good deeds. Goodness of
character is related to the extent to which standards
are maintained in behavior. Farobi says that some
people become very relaxed due to overindulgence,
eating and drinking, and putting lipstick on women,
their will weakens, and the feeling of hatred and anger
in the treatise disappears. In one who devotes all his
strength to his own self, the sublime begins to serve
the base, that is, the faculty of thought is at the service
of the forces of anger and passion, and the action of
these forces is devoted to eating and drinking and the
gratification of the sensual lust.
Abu Rayhan Beruni is one of our great ancestors who
left a deep mark in the science of ethics and social
sciences in general, as well as in natural sciences.
In his works, Abu Rayhan Beruni showed the
importance of the natural environment and
geographical factors in the formation of positive or
negative customs and behavior of people and nations.
This served as the basis for the direction, which was
later named the geographical direction in sociology
and criminology, and which considers geographical
factors to be important in the emergence and
formation of social deviance. "... the color, image,
nature, and morals of (people's) structures are
different not only from the differences in genealogies,
but also from the differences in soil, water, air, and the
places where (people) live" [1].
The moral views of Ibn Sina, a student of Farabi, are
mainly reflected in works such as "Treatise on Moral
Science", "Treatise on Duty", "Treatise on Purity of
Self", "Book on Justice", "Events in Residential Places"
and discussions and correspondence with his
contemporaries.
One of the works that occupies an important place in
our national pedagogy is Yusuf Khos Hajib's work
"Kutadgu
bilig"
("Knowledge
that
leads
to
happiness"). This work, which is mainly aimed at
glorifying knowledge, raising a person to perfection
with knowledge, educating his behavior through
education and knowledge, and forming positive
qualities in him, is also important in the study of the
scientific approach to deviant behavior of the peoples
of Central Asia in the early Middle Ages. Yusuf Khos
Hajib's unique approach to human behavior can be
observed in this work. That is, according to him, both
good behavior and bad behavior can be of two types:
innate behavior and behavior formed as a result of
social environment [1].
It is known that there is no single approach to the
theory of deviant behavior. Along with various
sociological and psychological theories, biological
views that differ sharply from them are developing side
by side. In "Kutadgu bilig", we can observe cases
where scholars combine these two opposing
approaches. That is, some people's badness and
deviant behavior are caused by innate factors, while
others are caused by the social environment. With
these and many other aspects, the work "Kutadgu
Bilig" is among the works that should be studied in the
sociology of deviant cases.
In the period of the Middle Ages until the invasion of
the Mongols, in addition to the encyclopedic scholars
we have discussed above, dozens of thinkers such as
Az-Zamakhshari, Ar-Razi, Ahmad Yassavi, Abdukhaliq
G'ijduvani, Imam Ismail al-Bukhari, Najmuddin Kubro
worked in the theoretical or practical fields of moral
science. But the Mongol invasion destroyed the
cultural life in the Muslim East.
Only during the time of the entrepreneur Amir Temur,
the development of science and art returned to its
flow.
Volume 03 Issue 05-2023
23
International Journal of Pedagogics
(ISSN
–
2771-2281)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
05
Pages:
21-28
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
6.
676
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
The era of Timur and the Timurids continues to amaze
the world as the golden age of the development of
science and culture. During this period, hundreds of
encyclopedic scholars, great poets and artists
appeared. Among them, the great Uzbek poet Alisher
Navoi is of special importance. Not only the high
artistry of his works, but also his philosophical and
moral views have not lost their spiritual and moral
values.
Also, a lot has been written about the moral principles
put forward in the works of Navoi and other Eastern
scholars, as well as virtues such as justice, loyalty, duty,
love, compassion, bravery, and humility embodied in
the images of positive heroes.
The concept of "deviant behavior" means that the
behavior of minors deviates from the social rules
accepted in society and is characterized by non-
observance and violation of these rules [2]. Deviant
behavior is especially common among minors. During
this period, personal feelings of minors are formed,
their self-awareness and knowledge of the world is
decided. However, the formation and development of
a person is a complex process that can be accompanied
by specific difficulties and deviations, internal
contradictions, and the inability to adapt to different
situations in social life. Young people with a deviant
character often do not attend school, run away from
home, become nannies, beg, drink alcohol, and
become addicted to drugs. As a result, they tend to
break the law and commit crimes.
In sociology, many scientists and experts tried to
describe the nature of the deviant character of
teenagers and conducted research.
As a result of the conducted observations, they
showed the rules that justify the deviant character of
teenagers in their own way. In the process of studying
a number of theoretical rules of foreign scientists
regarding the deviant behavior of teenagers, we were
convinced that these theoretical rules were created on
the basis of sociological research of the behavior of
young people in a certain place, that is, with a different
way of life, customs, and mentality. That is why it is
difficult to directly apply these works of foreign
scientists in the conditions of our Uzbekistan. For this
reason, we planned to study the deviant behavior of
children among minors in our Republic, the factors that
cause this behavior by conducting sociological
research.
Adolescence is a difficult period not only for those who
come into contact with him, but also for the child
himself. In many cases, parents and teachers witness
that there are many changes in the child's character at
a certain stage of youth. They find it difficult to
understand how their docile, cheerful child suddenly
becomes stubborn, aggressive, and in some cases,
cheerful, silent, and they look for the cause of such
situations in other things. Sometimes, because they do
not know the features of this period well, and parents
have insufficiently developed pedagogical and
psychological concepts, they blame the child
inappropriately and demand that he be obedient as
before. In most cases, unpleasant situations arise
between teenagers and parents and teachers because
they do not take into account the characteristics of
their age or do not acquire enough knowledge specific
to this age.
Children with deviant behavior and children who do
not have self-control do not get away with anything,
there are no rules for them, they may not recognize
their teachers or parents. If such children are not dealt
with in time, unable to control their desires, such
children may grow up to be psychopaths or in some
cases, law breakers.
Volume 03 Issue 05-2023
24
International Journal of Pedagogics
(ISSN
–
2771-2281)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
05
Pages:
21-28
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
6.
676
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
In our opinion, adolescence is the most important
period in the formation of a person, it is a period of self-
comparison with peers and others, dissatisfaction with
one's condition, appearance, and doubts. The reason is
that during this period, the teenager gradually realizes
the necessity and begins to achieve a certain freedom,
accordingly, he acquires the ability to make decisions,
that is, he begins to act responsibly based on the laws
of social development. Due to this, the period of
adolescence is filled with various conflicting
experiences, difficulties and crises. Therefore, this
period is a period of loss of childhood feelings, feelings
of anxiety and emergence of psychological discomfort
[2].
Adolescence is often called the period of disproportion
in development. At this age, attention to one's physical
characteristics increases, the reaction to the opinions
of others increases, personal pride and feelings of
resentment rise. Physical defects are often
exaggerated. First of all, the increased attention to
one's div compared to childhood is due not only to
physical changes, but also to the new social role of the
adolescent. People around them expect the
adolescent to handle certain developmental problems
on their own at the expense of physical maturity.
Seeking to escape from the care of adults, the
adolescent seeks a temporary expression of his
growing "I" to feel free. He finds this in the leisure
environment. Free time is a priority in a teenager's life.
Minors spend this time outside the home, in the
company of their peers. Parents try to influence the
interactions of the teenager outside of school,
supposedly to protect their children from unwanted
contact. As a result, teenagers who like to be alone
appear. Adolescents' morality is primarily influenced by
the external social environment (microenvironment:
family, classroom, school conditions, relationships with
other members of this environment), as well as
individual characteristics of the adolescent personality
related to the reaction to various "life failures" [3].
Behavioral deviance, expressed in various forms of
adolescent maladjustment, is the result of unhealthy
psychosocial development and disruption of the
socialization process. After all, during this period, a
teenager tries to realize himself in all aspects, to find
his place among other people, he looks with envy at
some qualities in the actions and actions of older
people around him, and he has a hard time not finding
these qualities in himself. Sometimes he even feels
incomplete. At such a time, it is necessary that the
close people around him, first of all, his parents,
teacher-coach, lend a helping hand to the child. It is
known that a child first sees the traits and qualities of
his parents, and then begins to compare them with
others around him. Therefore, parents should be able
to find a way to their children's hearts. Children with
deviant behavior (who run away from school,
constantly destroy their peers, tease their classmates)
need all kinds of support from adults. Parents should
provide moral support to the child with the help of
class leader, teacher and school psychologists.
Adolescence is the period when his worldview, beliefs,
viewpoints, principles, self-awareness, evaluation, etc.
are formed. If a child of elementary school age acts
according to the instructions of adults or his random,
involuntary wishes, the teenager begins to organize his
activities based on certain principles, beliefs and
personal views.
Morality and individual consciousness are of particular
importance in the formation of a teenage personality.
In this, students' acquisition of moral concepts and
their application to life play an important role. The
process of forming universal human qualities confronts
the student with contradictions of belief and point of
view. Observing social life, acquiring the necessary
Volume 03 Issue 05-2023
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SJIF
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(2021:
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(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
6.
676
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
skills for a person in it, gives him the opportunity to
analyze the behavior of adults. As a result, life skills
such as evaluating the behavior and manner of older
people in emergency situations begin to form.
In the process of studying the socio-psychological
factors of juvenile delinquency and deviant behavior
disorder, it was found that they are more affected by:
Minors' disagreements with adults and among
themselves (in the family, at school, at the place of
residence);
Minors join mutual and other informal street groups
and participate in their activities, harassment by the
leaders of these groups;
Interaction of minors with adults (often with previous
convictions) who initiate them into one or another
delinquency or crime, as well as those who involve
them in regular consumption of alcohol and drugs;
Mistakes made in the process of individual (family) and
majority education (school) of minors; is the lack of
knowledge or insufficient understanding of the age
and socio-psychological characteristics of teenagers by
educators (parents, teachers).
In the psychology and pedagogy literature, the period
of adolescents from 11-12 to 15-16 years is described as
the period of sexual maturation, active physical
growth, and the formation of a person. In this period,
people's behavior and social relations are formed, and
people's relations with the surrounding events are also
clearly visible. It should be said that it is from this age
that the period of self-awareness, the transformation
of childhood feelings into the worldview of adults, the
inner "I" of a person and its understanding begins.
Adolescence is the most difficult period. Changes in
their div, mind, and consciousness become the cause
of anxiety, emotional instability, and internal struggles.
Adolescents often experience discomfort and
discomfort not only in physical development, but also
in several social interpersonal relationships [4].
Adolescence, which is one of the main stages in the
development of a person, is distinguished by the fact
that a person acquires social characteristics and
becomes sexual. Some teenagers develop faster, some
more slowly. This period is so full of contradictions and
tensions that some scientists equate this period with a
period of continuous problems. The characteristics of
the youth period of teenagers are closely related to the
characteristics of their verbs. Adolescents may not be
so different from each other. For teenagers with
deviant behavior, disturbances, violent behavior with
close people, easy exposure to "street" and various
gangs are characteristic.
A negative, unkind environment in the family creates
the basis for the appearance of vices such as rudeness,
wildness, and cold attitude in certain types of
teenagers, they act in an opposite spirit to others and
show aggressive mischief. In order to prevent deviance
in the behavior of teenagers and to fight against it,
during the study of not only their young age, but also
their personal socio-psychological characteristics, it is
known that they are divided into 3 groups according to
the above characteristics.
1) Characteristics of the manifestation of the social
abilities of the person, as well as the characteristics of
entering into mutual communication;
2) A person's ability to interact within the group and
accept the values common to the group;
3) General characteristics related to the social behavior
of the person, his point of view on the surrounding
reality.
Volume 03 Issue 05-2023
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International Journal of Pedagogics
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03
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05
Pages:
21-28
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
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)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
6.
676
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
Based on the socio-psychological characteristics of
these 3 groups, it is possible to determine some
characteristics of teenagers with deviant behavior.
Social perception - mastering the norms of interaction
and behavioral criteria accepted within the group.
Adolescents with deviant behavior tend to adopt the
norms of behavior and attitude of the members of the
group, which are considered important for them.
Social imagination is the ability to assess personal and
universal abilities based on one's own life experience.
Social status is poorly developed or absent in
adolescents with deviant behavior. Social thinking is
the ability to understand people based on their
interactions and relationships in social relationships.
This ability is also often absent in underdeveloped
adolescents. Social activity - deviant adolescents show
a sense of responsibility and help each other only when
they are interested in the praise of their peers [5].
Adolescents with deviant behavior are characterized
by the following characteristics:
•
to obey and trust the opinion of the leader;
•
treatment of adolescents of their own group;
•
acceptance of communication norms.
All
socio-psychological
characteristics,
personal
abilities are unique, and their development in the
process of communication, activity and interaction
determines the social activity or passivity of a person in
society, family, community. As we mentioned above,
properties such as "social imagination" and "social
thinking" are of particular importance. However, these
are the least studied characteristics of deviant
adolescents.
Psychologist A.I. Dolgova, who studied juvenile
delinquency, said that before committing a crime,
there are sharp deviations from the norm in a
teenager's behavior.
In their character, elements such as selfishness,
tyranny, belief in physical strength, favoring non-
traditional groups prevail. Distorted characteristics
such as loneliness and selfishness are characteristic of
selfish
categories.
All
juvenile
criminals
are
characterized by their lack of understanding and
appreciation of universal human values, work for the
benefit of society, and creative activity. Their interest is
focused on the accumulation of material wealth, "living
as they wish", and the principles of "pure conscience".
V.V.Korolev, during the study of the psychological
conditions of delinquency in adolescence, identified
the
following
socio-psychological
features
characteristic of them [6-11]:
•
lack of etiquette, exemplary behavior experiences;
•
non-acceptance of social values such as friendship,
love, courage, gross concepts about them;
•
too low or too high self-esteem;
•
misunderstanding and opposing legal and moral
values;
•
susceptible to all external influences.
As noted by researchers such as Yu.A.Kleiberg, I.S.Kon,
S.T.Konyukhova, I.A.Semikasheva, if we call teenagers
with deviant behavior a special social group, we can
determine the social-psychological qualities common
to the members of this group. Teenagers with deviant
behavior as a special social group are based on the
following [12-15]:
Customs, traditions. In such an environment, a special
culture is formed. From the outside, clothes, hairstyles,
speaking in slang.
CONCLUSION
In the scientific works of psychologists studying
deviant adolescents, their general psychological and
social characteristics are determined. According to
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SJIF
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(2021:
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705
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(2023:
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)
OCLC
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Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
D.I.Feldstein, deviant teenagers are socially sluggish,
aggressive, curious, rude, prone to shedding "tears",
and many of them are deceitful and irresponsible.
According to the research of I.A.Semikasheva, the
participants of such a group have characteristics similar
to parents and respect not individual people, but the
group to which they belong. Such teenagers do not
feel responsible for their character and act like
everyone else in the public. S.A.Kulakov said that
adolescents with such behavior are clients of
psychotherapists, they may not have been given a clear
diagnosis, but many of their characteristics are
abnormal. In the affective sphere - this emotional
emptiness is a quick surrender to depression and
excitement. In the field of meaning-seeking, freedom,
blocking of the need for protection, characteristic of
the referent group, rejection of conclusions in the
cognitive field are observed.
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Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
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