Volume 03 Issue 01-2023
98
International Journal of Pedagogics
(ISSN
–
2771-2281)
VOLUME
03
I
SSUE
01
Pages:
98-104
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ABSTRACT
Pedagogical technology and knowledge, experience and interactive methods of pedagogical skills ensure that
children have knowledge and mature skills. It is no exaggeration to say that the head of our state, first of all, needs to
train potential new generation personnel, and for this, one new type of school will be established in each region of
the country.
KEYWORDS
Pre-school education, pedagogy, methodology, cognitive abilities, development.
INTRODUCTION
Today, the interest and attention to the application of
innovative pedagogical and information technologies
in the educational process is growing day by day. One
of the main reasons for this is that in traditional
education, increasing the interest of children in the
profession based on game technologies in preschool
education is one of the technologies that are showing
good results. In this process, the educator creates
conditions for the child's formation, development,
education and upbringing.
Game technologies increase the quality and efficiency
of the educational process, form the independent
thinking process of students. It increases children's
enthusiasm and interest in learning the subject,
strengthens knowledge, mastery, and free use of it in
practice.
THE MAIN RESULTS AND FINDINGS
For the first time in Uzbekistan, a multimedia program
was developed for preschool children. This program is
Research Article
DEVELOPMENT OF COGNITIVE ABILITIES OF PRESCHOOL CHILDREN
Submission Date:
January 20, 2023,
Accepted Date:
January 25, 2023,
Published Date:
January 30, 2023
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ijp/Volume03Issue01-17
Gulbakhor S. Alikhodjayeva
Lecturer Tashkent State Pedagogical University Tashkent, Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ijp
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 03 Issue 01-2023
99
International Journal of Pedagogics
(ISSN
–
2771-2281)
VOLUME
03
I
SSUE
01
Pages:
98-104
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
called "Let's learn colors and shapes" and was created
by "Uzbegim programs" and aims to improve
children's ability to distinguish colors and shapes and
to teach logical thinking through interesting games
and examples. With the help of the program, children
can easily distinguish colors such as red, yellow, white,
brown, blue, green, and learn simple shapes such as
circles, triangles, and rectangles, as well as classifying
objects according to their specific characteristics.
Through various pictures and short cartoons, children
are provided with a closer acquaintance with the world
of flora and fauna. With the help of incentives in the
educational process, children are interested in
learning. The program is based on the norms of
computer work of preschool children, and children can
work with the program independently. This multimedia
program "Let's learn colors and shapes" is an early
example of a system of programs for preschool
children. Currently, the editors of "Uzbegim programs"
electronic publications are preparing more new
programs of this series. They include the formation of
logical thinking in children, the formation of skills to
quickly and easily perform counting and mathematical
operations, teaching the English and Russian
alphabets, and other similar directions.
Today, almost every family has a computer, so it is
natural that even children are interested in it. After all,
it is very interesting for them that you spend some time
looking at the monitor for some reason. Mysteries
have always attracted people. If you are interested in
the Internet and its possibilities, watching movies and
clips, or your work is related to some programs, then
your child will be interested in the fact of the existence
of this machine, the sounds coming from it and the
pictures on the monitor.
Getting children interested in language is a bit difficult,
because they don't like languages at first because they
are not understandable, but as time goes by, you can
keep them interested with different interesting games.
These games are of different levels of complexity and
are designed for different age groups of children, such
as alphabet and simple word games, these games are
designed for beginners, as well as for children who
have reached a higher level, there are also games in the
form of animated pictures, interesting quizzes. Audio
format of fairy tales, riddles and stories can also be
found. Each game is designed in an interesting style,
covering a theme, using a character from a fairy tale or
book. Language pronunciation can be tested
individually or in groups during the lesson with the help
of karaoke.
As the baby gets a little older, sitting on his father's or
mother's lap and just watching becomes less
important to him. Now he wants to participate in the
process, to hold it, to think. In this case, it is necessary
to teach the child to the computer little by little. But
remember, it should not exceed 15-20 minutes a day. It
has long been known that a computer does not do
much harm than that TV. But it is not quite right to just
put the child in the chair and leave the computer
completely at his disposal. Firstly, this can have
negative consequences not only for the computer, and
secondly, it is better to keep the child occupied with
something, for example, an interesting game.
There is an interesting game on the Internet, which is
specially designed for the first acquaintance with the
computer. Name "Butterflies and fishes" The essence
of the game is as follows: if the child presses any
button, flowers, butterflies or fishes will appear on the
black screen. It is very interesting, but soon the child
will get bored, so it is better to choose several games
of different topics and different complexity. It
develops mouse control skills and hand movements
depending on changes on the screen. After such
Volume 03 Issue 01-2023
100
International Journal of Pedagogics
(ISSN
–
2771-2281)
VOLUME
03
I
SSUE
01
Pages:
98-104
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
games, your child will definitely want a newer and
more complex game, so you can find a variety of
educational games, foreign language and science
manuals, logic and thinking and you can look for games
that develop creativity.
Educational games. They help to remember shapes and
colors, figures, letters and numbers. It also provides a
good foundation for learning to read and count. Games
develop not only mathematical skills, but also
humanities.
Games that develop foreign languages. Babies don't
like languages at first because they don't understand
them, but games can keep them interested. They have
different levels: from beginners (alphabet and simple
words) to advanced levels (animated pictures, fun
quizzes). Many fairy tales and stories can even be
listened to in audio format. The games are made in
interesting styles, using a character from a fairy tale or
book. Pronunciation can be checked using karaoke.
The development of many game technologies is
related to the emergence of creative abilities in the
child, which develop during the game. To create a
creative idea of a preschool child in the game, to
implement it, to combine his knowledge and
imagination, to express his thoughts and feelings in his
sincere abilities, to create an image, to think it up in the
process of role-playing and it is expressed in the ability
to bring it to the surface and so on.
II. "Synectics" method. The method of "Synectics" has
a special place among the methods that develop the
creative ability of a person. The concept of "synectics"
means "combination of different elements" in ancient
Greek. The method was proposed by George Prince
and William Gordon to create inventions at Arthur D.
Little's company. The basis of this method is the
"Brainstorming" method - the desire to collect many
ideas on the studied topic, problem, issue. Sometimes
"Synectics" method is compared with "Brainstorming
method". However, both methods are different from
each other. If it is not allowed to criticize ideas in
"Brainstorming", when using the "Synectics" method:
1) it is possible to criticize the expressed idea; 2) various
comparisons and alternative ideas are actively used.
Stage 1. Correct alternative. In this case, the
respondents find an alternative option for the
inanimate object represented by it (for example, an
airplane, a helicopter) based on the presented
concept, in the example of animate beings. In
particular, an airplane is created on the example of a
bird, and a helicopter is created on the example of a
dragonfly.
Stage 2. Subjective alternative. On the basis of the
concept presented, taking into account the anatomical
structure of a person, who is a biological being (for
example, hands), each student will find analogies for
the problem, problem, image being created (hands are
the wings of an airplane, the wings of a helicopter, or
arms - can be represented as a crane.
Stage 3. Conditional alternative. In this case, the idea is
expressed figuratively. For example, solution space,
acute problem, iron decision, etc.
Step 4. A strange alternative. For example, in your daily
life, music that only you can hear and analyze is your
constant companion.
III. "Trials and errors" (or "Choosing options") method
–
is an ancient and well-known problem solving
method. The main essence of the method is to consider
all the possibilities of solving the problem. Accordingly,
every time the failed ideas are rejected and new ideas
are tried instead. There is no single rule for finding a
solution, the "key" to a solution can be any, even the
Volume 03 Issue 01-2023
101
International Journal of Pedagogics
(ISSN
–
2771-2281)
VOLUME
03
I
SSUE
01
Pages:
98-104
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
most unusual idea. Also, there will be no criteria for the
initial evaluation of ideas: whether it is necessary to
find a solution or not; whether it can be accepted as a
solution to the problem or not. The answer to these
questions is based on a subjective approach to the
proposed idea.
The theoretical foundations of the development of
preschool cognitive abilities on the basis of
experiences have been considered by different
scientists from different points of view.
Cognitive development is the development of all
thinking processes of a child, such as thinking,
perception, memory, imagination, and the ability of
children to establish active communication and
interaction with other children, to absorb active
emotional experience and to themselves. a certain
adequate relationship is formed. In the process of
carrying out research and experiments with children,
children's knowledge and ideas about moral norms
become beliefs through the attitude formed in relation
to the above-mentioned norms.
Formation of cognitive activity of older preschool
children as one of the main factors of comprehensive
development always attracts the attention of
scientists and practitioners.
The research of many scientists shows that cognitive
activity is not innate, but is formed during the
conscious life of a person. The level of development of
cognitive activity is determined by individual
characteristics,
the
environment
created
for
comprehensive development and education. During
the cognitive development of children, in the process
of forming their cognitive attitude towards the
environment, they acquire the ability to correctly aim
at things in the environment (events, objects, objects),
and as a result, children become subjects of individual
cognitive activity.
In the process of working on the experiment, the
following concepts were studied:
1. "cognitive activity"
2. "experimental activity".
It is important for a child to independently find an
object of knowledge, to implement his own plan, to be
firm in his thoughts and opinions, to defend his point
of view, and at the same time, the ability to be
intelligent and creative. The cognitive activity of a
preschool-age child shows his desire to do something
independently, discover changes, learn new things for
himself. In essence, a preschooler is a small researcher
during his school activities and shows interest in
experimental activities. The concept of "experimental
activity":
1. Children's experiment
2. It consists of the concept of activities.
If we consider conducting research and experiments
with children as a type of activity, here are the main
characteristics of its phenomenon:
The novelty of the experiment is the creation of a
system of using methods and methods of experimental
activities aimed at developing the cognitive activity of
older preschool children. The following methods of
practical education were used:
The game method includes the use of various
components of game activity together with other
techniques: questions, instructions, explanations,
demonstrations.
Volume 03 Issue 01-2023
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International Journal of Pedagogics
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SJIF
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(2022:
5.
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OCLC
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Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
Elementary experience is to reveal the hidden,
undirected properties of objects, to establish
connections between them, the reasons for their
change, etc. change event.
Oral teaching methods: Educator's stories. The main
task of this method is to form vivid and clear images of
events or events in children. The story affects
children's minds, feelings, imagination, encourages
them to share their impressions.
Children's stories. This method is aimed at improving
children's
knowledge,
mental
and
speech
skills.Conversations. Interviews are used to clarify,
correct, generalize and systematize knowledge.
Forms of working with children:
-
frontal;
-
group;
-
individual.
The following structural structure is observed when
conducting experiments with older children of
preschool age:
-
setting the problem;
-
looking for ways to solve the problem;
-
check assumptions;
-
discussion of the obtained results;
-
forming conclusions.
CONCLUSION
Such a work system helps to activate the cognitive
activity of preschool children, directs children to
independent research.
The connection between the acquisition of knowledge
and the formation of knowledge and skills is based on
the acquisition of knowledge and skills based on
children's knowledge, and at the expense of these
skills and knowledge, children develop new
knowledge, in the development of geometric
concepts, knowledge and skills that form independent
thinking in children researched as skills formation.
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Oscar Publishing Services
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