Volume 03 Issue 01-2023
38
International Journal of Pedagogics
(ISSN
–
2771-2281)
VOLUME
03
I
SSUE
01
Pages:
38-42
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ABSTRACT
On August 7, 2020, the decision of the Republic of Uzbekistan No. 446 "On the approval of normative legal documents
regulating the system of continuous primary, secondary and secondary special professional education in the Republic
of Uzbekistan" was adopted by our state on vocational training of young people and their proper orientation. In
accordance with it, the tasks of organizing career guidance activities in general education schools in cooperation with
the regional departments of the Ministry of Public Education of the Republic of Uzbekistan, improving the system and
content of vocational training based on the needs of society based on the achievements of science, culture and
modern innovative technology have been defined. Therefore, conducting vocational training of students in general
education schools, researching its scientific and pedagogical foundations are among the urgent pedagogical
problems.
KEYWORDS
The achievements of science, culture and modern innovative technology have been defined.
INTRODUCTION
According to the scientific sources, "Profession is
defined as a type of human labor activity, which, as a
result of special training and work experience, acquires
a complex of theoretical knowledge, practical skills and
Research Article
ISSUES OF IMPROVING THE PEDAGOGICAL OPPORTUNITIES OF
VOCATIONAL TRAINING OF STUDENTS IN GENERAL EDUCATION
SCHOOLS
Submission Date:
January 20, 2023,
Accepted Date:
January 25, 2023,
Published Date:
January 30, 2023
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ijp/Volume03Issue01-07
Z.T.Mambetniyazova
Senior Teacher Of The Department Of Humanities, Karakalpakstan Institute Of Agriculture And
Agrotechnologies, Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ijp
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 03 Issue 01-2023
39
International Journal of Pedagogics
(ISSN
–
2771-2281)
VOLUME
03
I
SSUE
01
Pages:
38-42
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
qualifications, provides with physical capabilities,
mental abilities and legal rights to perform
professional activities in a certain field." [1]. There are
two sides of personality formation in professional
education, it is appropriate to take into account the
inner side of a person depending on individual
characteristics and the outer side determined by
historical conditions and goals. In order to prepare
young people for professional work and ensure their
readiness and ability to compete in the labor market, it
is necessary to pay more attention to its social and legal
aspects. In the process of personality formation and
development, the organization of the educational
process and educational production activities, taking
into account the individual's requirements, abilities,
mental and physical capabilities, as well as the
influence of social and socio-ethnic factors, is
considered one of the most urgent issues today.
During the analysis of scientific research on vocational
pedagogy, we found out that a number of problems
have been studied by scientists in the issue of guiding
students to the profession. For example, the scientist
D.N.Arzikulov studied the basics of studying the
personal and professional maturity of the owner of the
profession. In his scientific research, in the process of
career guidance, parents should be able to correctly
assess their child's interest, ability, and desire, and it
necessary to have a constant exchange of ideas with
his child about the profession they choose or want to
choose. [2].
Conclusions were given that it is appropriate to
conduct explanatory work within the framework of the
content, purpose and tasks of pedagogues and
psychologists working in educational institutions, and
to approach students to the profession based on the
following two stages: 1) The need to approach based
on theoretical knowledge; 2) Possibilities of approach
based on practical activities.
The research scientist R.Z.Asamova shows that the
motives of students are important in choosing a
profession, and the combination of motivations for
choosing a profession and learning motives; the
uniqueness of the dynamics of professional motives (in
terms of sociality, individuality); characteristics of the
formation of professional motives (motivations) at a
young age; interrelationship factors between theory
and practice in the process of professional (specialty)
development;
psychologically
analyzed
the
ethnopsychological aspects of the processes, such as
the efficiency level of the set of methodologies. [3].
According to the manual for practicing psychologists
called "Professional Orientation Advice" developed by
R.I.Sunnatova, U.Parpiev, "the purpose of vocational
counseling is to guide students to choose work
activities that match their interests, inclinations, and
capabilities on the one hand, and which are necessary
for the economy of the republic on the other hand.
According to the authors, it can be understood that it
is not just attracting students to the next type of
education, but they believe that it is necessary to study
their interests, inclinations, and professional suitability
in depth. Therefore, science confirms that it is effective
to carry out career guidance work together with
students of general education schools.
In the scientific research work of U.S.Jumaev, opinions
were expressed about the social psychological
features of the formation of the attitude system to the
choice of profession in teenagers, the processes of
orientation to the profession based on professional
abilities, inclinations, and psychological factors. [4].
K.B.Kadirov's research is focused on the psychological
aspects of readiness to choose a profession and
Volume 03 Issue 01-2023
40
International Journal of Pedagogics
(ISSN
–
2771-2281)
VOLUME
03
I
SSUE
01
Pages:
38-42
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
professional diagnostic processes, in which he studied
the professional direction as a complex set of internal
capabilities and socially acquired values, and the
dynamic aspects of choosing a profession as the main
criterion
of
professional
self-awareness
and
researched on the basis of their professional
standards. [5].
In the research work of D.N.Arzikulov, in the process of
orientation to the profession, an opinion was
expressed that it is necessary to show the main
directions of studying the personal and professional
development of the owner of the profession, to
determine the main aspects of professional self-
determination.
In these approaches, all of the psychologists talk about
the general views and didactic foundations of career
guidance, but they do not comment on the following
main directions of career guidance aimed at finding a
practical solution:
-
Creation of a professional information system that
expresses the readiness of students to choose a
profession in its professional standards;
-
taking into account their mental capabilities and
abilities, along with their professional interests, in
guiding students to the profession;
-
means and ways of sending students to the
profession based on the combination of labor
education and vocational education;
-
Possibilities of events in general secondary
education schools and vocational colleges in
guiding students to the profession.
Scientific research works on the problem were also
carried out by scientists A.D.Sazonov, A.V.Petrovsky,
M.G.Yarashevskiy, A.P. Seyteshev, V.D.Simonenko,
V.A.Rijov,
E.N.Proshchitskan,
E.A.Klimov,
K.K.
Platonov, G.G. Golubev, K.M.Gurevich, L.Priluk,
M.Yu.Rybakov,
M.P.Starostin,
M.V.Yarema,
N.S.Pryajnikov,
S.V.Grigoryants,
S.Ya.Batishev,
S.N.Chistyakova, N.N.Zakharov, Yu.A.Konarjevskiy.
In
particular,
N.S.Pryajnikov
discussed
the
development of the criteria for determining the
effectiveness of career guidance, the fact that the
problems of career choice do not arise without
psychological reasons, the advancement of the social
economy, and the development and growth of large-
scale industry. At the same time, he puts forward the
idea that "the emergence of vocational orientation due
to historical, cultural and socio-economic reasons, as
well as a complex issue related to human living
conditions, defining the problem of free choice, the
level of development of vocational orientation in
society is one of the clear indicators of free choice for
the majority of members of this society." [6].
According to A.V.Petrovskiy and M.G.Yarashevskiy,
"Ability is an individual psychological characteristic of a
person, it is the result of a person's performance in one
or another field, on the basis of which it reflects an
orientation to a certain activity". By the mentioned
opinion it is possible to understand that there is a
professional interest and inclination in connection with
their chosen professions based on their abilities.
Yu.A.Konarjevskiy said that the heads of schools,
gymnasiums, and colleges cannot cover all aspects of
the process of education and training. Because of this,
the only way to prevent the difficulties that arise is for
pedagogues and psychologists to analyze the work in
the educational institution. According to E.A. Klimov,
both students and parents have partial knowledge
about the types of professions and their world,
therefore, they should be introduced to the variety of
professions orally and through the press and mass
media. The above ideas are only one aspect of
promoting career guidance. In our opinion, when it
Volume 03 Issue 01-2023
41
International Journal of Pedagogics
(ISSN
–
2771-2281)
VOLUME
03
I
SSUE
01
Pages:
38-42
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
comes to the factors of career guidance of students,
first of all, it is important that the student is interested
in a profession based on his abilities, that is, he has a
high level of motivation.
K.M.Gurevich divides professions into three types in
order to determine the requirements for a person:
1. Occupations that can achieve the general efficiency
of any healthy human activity;
2. Professions where every person cannot achieve a
certain level of efficiency;
3. Professions that require a person to achieve a high
level of skill in this field.
All professions reflect the level of personal aspirations
based on the assessment of one's abilities and
opportunities, moreover, the choice of professions,
awareness of professional continuity, requires high
activity from the subject. In order to understand the
professional continuity, the following are necessary:
4. comparative assessment of his qualities when
choosing a profession;
5. study the world of professions, form a comparative
vision of professions;
6. Identifying, that is, forming an important factor for
himself or herself when choosing a profession.
If we analyze the mentioned points, when choosing a
profession from the world of professions, the student
must choose it based on the requirements of this
profession and on the basis of professional suitability.
According to V.A.Polyakov and S.N.Chistyakova,
"Educational concept of career orientation should be
included in the activities of each student, based on the
personnel needs of a certain region, city, district, aimed
at choosing a profession." However, it should be noted
that in guiding students to a profession, they should be
guided to a profession based on their professional
abilities, inclinations, and interests. Because in this
case, the student's professional desire may be affected
by the professional needs of personnel outside this
area.
A.P.Seyteshev "Professional interest is an action that
determines the orientation of a person to a specific
professional activity under different conditions, and
serves as a means of gaining an emotional, practical,
educational attitude." At this point, let's pay attention
to the general qualities of the levels of interest in a
person's career orientation:
1) burden of professional interest; 2) temporary
interest; 3) episodic interest; 4) persistent interest.
The burden of professional interest means that the
student has not yet decided on the choice of
profession. Temporary, episodic distractions appear to
be positive in several occupations. Sustained interests
are characterized by a deep penetration into the field
of interest. Such interests can turn into addictions over
time.
The presence of professional interest and inclination
creates the ground for students to be actively
connected with the world of professions. An opinion
was expressed about the need to show students the
directions, identify the main aspects of professional
self-determination.
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, it should be noted that the
methodological and informational provision of general
education schools in career guidance should be
developed, studies on digitization and automation of
the career guidance system should be carried out to
determine interest in professions taking into account
Volume 03 Issue 01-2023
42
International Journal of Pedagogics
(ISSN
–
2771-2281)
VOLUME
03
I
SSUE
01
Pages:
38-42
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
the technical and technological age of the 21st
century.It is necessary to create training methods for
the types of professions emphasized in general
education schools today. It is necessary to develop
proposals and recommendations for professional
guidance of masters, pedagogues, practicing
psychologists.
REFERENCES
1.
07.08.2020 Decision No. 446 of the Republic of
Uzbekistan. "On approval of normative-legal
documents regulating the system of continuous
primary, secondary and post-secondary special
professional education in the Republic of
Uzbekistan"
2.
Khasanbaev and others. Annotated dictionary of
pedagogy. T.: "Science and technology", 2009.
3.
Arzikulov D.N. Psychological characteristics of
professional maturity. Tashkent 2002.
4.
Asamova R.Z. Career motivation and its dynamics.
Tashkent, 2002.
5.
Jumaev U.S. "Socio-psychological characteristics
of the formation of the system of attitudes
towards career choice in teenagers". Monograph,
Tashkent, 2020.
6.
Kadirov B.R., Kadirov K.R. "Professional diagnostic
methods" Tashkent-2000.
