Volume 03 Issue 01-2023
43
International Journal of Pedagogics
(ISSN
–
2771-2281)
VOLUME
03
I
SSUE
01
Pages:
43-47
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ABSTRACT
The article is devoted to the development of the foundations of a new branch of knowledge
—
linguoculturology,
which emerged at the junction of linguistics and cultural studies and examines the manifestations of the culture of the
people, which were reflected and fixed in the language. It shows how culture forms and organizes the thinking of a
language personality, language categories and concepts, how one of the fundamental functions of language is carried
out
—
to be a tool for creating, developing, storing and transmitting культурыобъектыcultural objects.It issuggested
that vocabulary remains the most stable object in this aspect.
KEYWORDS
Linguoculturology; language tier; vocabulary; phraseology; symbol, kultura: kultura and man: kultura and civilization.
INTRODUCTION
The problem of correlation and interrelation of
language, culture, and ethnos is an interdisciplinary
problem that can be solved only by the efforts of
several sciences
—
from philosophy and sociology to
ethnolinguistics and linguoculturology. For example,
questions of ethnic linguistic thinking are the
prerogative of linguistic philosophy; the specifics of
ethnic, social or group communication in the linguistic
aspect are studied by psycholinguistics, etc. Language
is intimately linked to culture: it grows into it, develops
in it, and expresses it. On the basis of this idea, a new
science emerged
—
linguoculturology, which can be
considered an independent direction of linguistics,
which took shape in the 90s of the XX century. The
term "linguoculturology" appeared in the last decade
in connection with the works of the phraseological
Research Article
LINGUISTICS AS A MODERN SCIENCE IN LINGUISTICS
Submission Date:
January 20, 2023,
Accepted Date:
January 25, 2023,
Published Date:
January 30, 2023
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ijp/Volume03Issue01-08
Kadirova B.R
Tashkent Institute Of Chemical Technology Associate Professor Of The Department "Uzbek Language And
Vocational Education" Candidate Philological Sciences, Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ijp
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 03 Issue 01-2023
44
International Journal of Pedagogics
(ISSN
–
2771-2281)
VOLUME
03
I
SSUE
01
Pages:
43-47
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
school headed by V. N. Telia, the works of
Yu.S.Stepanov, A.D. Arutyunova, V. V. Vorobyov,
V.Shakleinлеина, V. A. Maslova and other researchers.
If cultural studies examines a person's self-
consciousness in relation to nature, society, history, art
and other spheres of his social and cultural existence,
and linguistics considers the worldview that is
displayed and fixed in language in the form of mental
models of the linguistic picture of the world, then
linguoculturology has as its subject both language and
culture that are in dialogue, interaction.
В Linguistics was recognized in Uzbekistan at the
beginning of the XXI century. It should be noted that
cognitive linguistics develops in many directions and is
characterized by a variety of points of view,
approaches, and concepts, which, according to N. N.
Boldyrev, ensures its development and advancement).
The peculiarity of these works is that the author,
successfully using various ideas and concepts of such
authors as D. U. Ashurova, U. K. Yusupov, and A. M.,
они предлагаюBushuy, offers his own vision
of many
problems of linguistics. The focus is on the problems of
interaction between language and thinking, the
reasons that led
to the emergence of linguistics
as a science, the history of the development of
linguistics, the goals and objectives of this discipline, its
main provisions and concepts (concept, frame,
scenario, gestalt, script), various theories and concepts
(prototype theory, frame semantics), national and
cultural features cognitive activity, methods of
cognitive analysis of language units.
An important role in the general range of linguistic
research is played by the direction of linguistics, which
is inextricably linked with the" human factor", with the
role of a language-maker. It was founded by W. von
Humboldt, and its development in¬modern linguistics
is realized in the study of linguistic worldviews,
linguoculturology, cognitive and gender linguistics.
The very concept of "culture" is interpreted in
dictionaries, encyclopedias, periodicals, and everyday
life in different ways, in different volumes, for example,
with a predominant attention to material culture,
artfactory¬; culture is often considered a set of music,
architecture, painting, fiction, etc., as well as generally
accepted rules of behavior in society. However,
nowadays definitions of culture as a historically
transmitted system of symbols are increasingly
common. "¬National culture is a set of symbols,
beliefs,¬beliefs, values, norms and patterns of
behavior that characterize the spiritual life of human
society in a particular country or-State." At the same
time, the primary basis of any culture is the
conceptual¬and logical apparatus that is inherent in
the worldview of the people. As you know, modern
linguistic science is not content¬with describing
individual characteristics of language units, but pays
more and more attention to a comprehensive study of
the language system in connection with the culture,
national mentality of the people, since language is both
an
instrument
for
creating,¬developing,
and
preserving the national intangible culture, and its part,
since with the help of language are created real,
objectively¬existing works of spiritual culture.
Linguoculturology occupies a worthy place in the
system of disciplines of the anthropocentric
directionлингвокультурология
.
"Linguoculturology
focuses on a new system of cultural values put forward
by new thinking, modern life of society, on a complete,
objective interpretation of facts and phenomena and
information about¬various areas of the country's
culture.
An
objective,
complete
and
holistic¬interpretation of the culture of a people
requires linguoculturology to systematically represent
the culture of a people in its language, in
their¬dialectical interaction and development."
Volume 03 Issue 01-2023
45
International Journal of Pedagogics
(ISSN
–
2771-2281)
VOLUME
03
I
SSUE
01
Pages:
43-47
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
Phraseology is a fragment of the linguistic picture of
the world. Phraseological units are always directed at
the subject, i.e. they arise not so much to describe the
world as to interpret it, evaluate it, and express a
subjective attitude towards it. This is what
distinguishes phraseological units and metaphors from
other nominative units. It would seem that since a
person has strong common species characteristics,
then the universal, universal, and not cultural and
national should prevail in phraseological units. In fact,
the opposite is true. Some scholars are even inclined to
argue that, for example, idioms are initially endowed
with some cultural and national specifics. Is it so? It
seems that this does not apply to all phraseological
units, because if the meanings of all FE were culturally
specific, it would be impossible to study their cultural
differences.
The PHE content plan and metaphors, as well as the
cultural connotations attached to them, themselves
become knowledge, i.e., a source of cognitive
development. That is why phraseological units and
figuratively motivated words (metaphors) become
exponents of cultural signs. From these positions, the
metaphor will be considered by us. Metaphor at the
end of the twentieth century appears to be a more
complex and important phenomenon than it
previously seemed. It permeates language, culture,
science, life, and the whole world. It was found that
metaphors are universals of consciousness, and
modern psychologists tend to associate the
metaphorical vision of the world with the genesis of
man and, accordingly, human culture. Most likely, the
proto-language was metaphorical, and the proto-
communication itself was carried out precisely at the
metaphorical level. Metaphor is a universal
phenomenon in language, it is inherent in all
languages. Its universality is manifested in space and
time, in the structure of language and in its functioning.
Many linguists even claim that our entire language is a
graveyard of metaphors. M. M. Bakhtin noted that he
introduced the term "chronotope"into science"almost
as a metaphor". Many of the most successful scientific
terms are metaphors: "internal form", "cultural
connotation", "living water", etc. Metaphor is one of
the most mysterious phenomena of language. For all
the variety of definitions of metaphor, almost all of
them go back to Aristotle: "A metaphor is the transfer
of an unusual name, either from genus to species, or
from species to genus, or from species to species, or by
analogy." Although the problem of metaphor has been
troubling minds for two thousand years, it is most
often considered either as a stylistic tool or as an
artistic device. Only in recent decades has the attention
of linguists and philosophers shifted to the study of the
ontology of metaphor (N. D. Arutyunova, V. N. Telia, B.
Black, J. Lakoff, M. Johnson, etc.).
The subject of research in linguoculturology is also the
stylistic structure of different languages, the forms of
existence in which a particular language is
represented. So, there are languages where there is a
strong dialect stratification, and languages where
there are almost no differences between dialects;
there are languages where stylistic differentiation is
just beginning, and, on the contrary, languages where
this differentiation is deep and multidimensional. If
Russian and Belarusian languages are almost identical
in the first parameter, then the stylistic stratification in
Russian is much stronger, which should be taken into
account when describing the linguisticand cultural
situation. It is known that the language is
heterogeneous: it differs in literary language and
dialects, colloquial and argot (incomplete, reduced
—
reduced to the vocabulary of the language subsystem).
N. I. Tolstoy also considered culture in four sections-
elite, rural, urban, professional. Accordingly, in the
culture of the Slavic peoples, four similar elements can
Volume 03 Issue 01-2023
46
International Journal of Pedagogics
(ISSN
–
2771-2281)
VOLUME
03
I
SSUE
01
Pages:
43-47
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
be distinguished that correlate well with the linguistic
ones: "the culture of the educated stratum, "bookish",
or elite culture; folk culture, peasant culture;
intermediate culture, corresponding to the vernacular,
which is usually called "culture for the people", or
"third culture", and ... traditionally
–
professional
subcultures". The latter include, for example,
beekeeping, engineering crops, shuttle crops, etc.
They are not independent, fragmented cultures, which
is what they have in common with argo. Thus, we have
the following parallels: literary language
—
elite
culture; dialects and dialects
—
folk culture;
colloquialism
—
"third culture", i.e. culture for the
people; argo-professional subcultures. We see here
that the structure of culture shows a certain similarity
with the structure of language. And the vision of the
world of a certain social group is determined by its
culture: the same phenomena of reality are perceived
and interpreted differently by different groups. The
challenge we face is to determine how the language
used by a given social group reflects its view of the
world.
The bearer of the literary language and elite culture is
the elite of society-the creative and scientific
–
technical
intelligentsia. It is characterized by a rich vocabulary
with
logically
linked
syntactic
constructions,
impeccable pronunciation, etc. And this is not just a
fluency in all the features of the language, but also its
creative, creative use. This is the art of speech (oral and
written), which is not owned by the entire educated
population, but only by elite native speakers, of which
there are few. Чрезвычайно продуктивным для
лингвокультурологииThe
concept
of
idiolect
developed by academician A. A. Shakhmatov is
extremely productive for linguoculturology. In the
second half of the XX century. it was replaced by the
concept of "individual style", but at the end of the
century it was heard again; an example is the works of
N. D. Arutyunova based on the idiostyle of F. M.
Dostoevsky. In the elite culture, well
–
known writers
and poets, scientists and cultural figures of Vitebsk
region can be considered carriers of the idiolect
–ны. In
folk culture, these are storytellers, chastushechniki,
soothsayers, psychics. It is important to establish the
place of the bearer of an idiolect in a particular culture,
because, as E. Sapir said, "there are as many cultures as
there are individuals in the population."
Dialect (Greek: dialektos
—
conversation, dialect)isa
type of language that is a means of communication in
a team united on a territorial or social basis. Dialect is
the initial and most important form of language
existence, a means of everyday and industrial
communication of people from peasants; it creates a
type of linguistic personality of the native speaker of
the dialect, which is the primary basis of the national
linguistic personality. A person is a subject of socio-
cultural life, while a linguistic personality captures a
personality type that is representative of a given
culture, i.e. a set of traits and languageand speech skills
that are most often manifested in an individual.
Studying the linguistic personality of a native speaker
of a dialect is important for preserving the past, which
appears as a support for the present and future
language: "The language material inherited from older
generations contains in the form of opportunities and
lines of speech behavior of future generations, the
heirs of this treasure" (Shcherba, 1974, p.136). It is in
this regard that the study of the linguistic personality
of a native speaker of a dialect is of interest.
These facts can be explained as follows. Material
objects, which include the appearance of a person, and
objects of the real world, which can include natural and
man-made objects, are externally perceived physical
entities that reflect the same perception mechanisms.
Under these conditions, there are unlimited
Volume 03 Issue 01-2023
47
International Journal of Pedagogics
(ISSN
–
2771-2281)
VOLUME
03
I
SSUE
01
Pages:
43-47
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
possibilities for the appearance of various associations,
on which comparisons are based. As for the character
traits studied in the second series, they are not
physical, but mental, ideal objects that have a different
nature and ontology. They are reflected in the
consciousness of a native speaker not directly, by
influencing the corresponding sense organs, but
repeatedly indirectly, through observing complex
complexes of movements, actions, actions, and
utterances of a person. In this case, the objective
conditions for the emergence of associations that
underlie the comparison of character traits with
objects of the real world (natural phenomena, plants,
animals, etc.) are extremely narrowed.Such classes of
words cause reactions of a certain type with a fairly
high probability, and their spread will be much smaller.
The following pattern is also striking: the subjects give
more diverse answers to words denoting character
traits that have a positive assessment in society than to
words naming negative character traits, where the
answers are more monotonous and stereotypical. At
first glance, this contradicts the well-known fact that
everything negative in a language is recorded in more
detail, more thoroughly, and in more diverse ways.
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Abduazizov A. A. On the correlation of
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