Volume 03 Issue 01-2023
10
International Journal of Pedagogics
(ISSN
–
2771-2281)
VOLUME
03
I
SSUE
01
Pages:
10-13
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ABSTRACT
In the article, the qualities of speed and strength are interrelated and influence each other when performing physical
exercises at the age of 16-18 years. Training with a speed-strength orientation to a greater extent develops these
personality traits and has little effect on the development of endurance. On the contrary, endurance training leads to
its strengthening, having little effect on the systems and mechanisms responsible for the manifestation of muscle
strength. Therefore, it was analyzed that mature and elderly people should use different complexes that allow them
to resist evolutionary changes in most organs and systems when performing physical exercises.
KEYWORDS
Speed and muscle activity, flexibility, agility, endurance, individual skills.
INTRODUCTION
Sport is one of the factors that increase the prestige of
our country. To comprehensively solve the problems of
sports development in our country, to educate
physically healthy and spiritually mature individuals, to
inculcate a healthy lifestyle and a sense of love for
sports, as well as to raise the level of coordination of
the implementation of state policy in the management
of the sports sector, A review of the performance of all
systems is given priority. In the development of
physical education and sports in our country, it is very
Research Article
THE ROLE OF SPEED AND MUSCLE ACTIVITY IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF
INDIVIDUAL SKILLS OF 16-18-YEAR-OLD ATHLETES
Submission Date:
January 02, 2023,
Accepted Date:
January 07, 2023,
Published Date:
January 12, 2023
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ijp/Volume03Issue01-03
Khodjayev Mansur Kabiljanovich
Teacher Of Andijan State University, Uzbekistan
Shodilbekov Nodirbek Shokirjon O’g’li
Andijan State Pedagogical Institute, 2nd Year Graduate Student Of Physical Culture, Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ijp
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 03 Issue 01-2023
11
International Journal of Pedagogics
(ISSN
–
2771-2281)
VOLUME
03
I
SSUE
01
Pages:
10-13
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
important that several laws, decrees and decisions are
adopted and consistently implemented in life, which
ensure the development of sports and physical
education, in order to attract the general public to
sports, especially the growing young generation. In
addition to the development of the mass sports
movement, the talented athletes who are currently
developing in the republic and are active in the national
teams of the country, who can show high results in the
Olympic and Asian Games, as well as the world
championship and the first competitions. special
importance is attached to the provision of highly
qualified sports specialists who are inextricably linked
to the preparation of skilled sportsmen, and to bring
the indicators of sports skills to the level of world
requirements. From the first days of independence in
our country, great attention was paid to improving
people's well-being, economic, social and cultural
development of our country.
In many physical exercises, speed-power qualities are
interrelated and influence each other. Training with a
speed-power direction develops these qualities of the
individual to a greater extent and has little effect on
the development of endurance. On the contrary,
endurance training leads to its strengthening, having
little effect on the systems and mechanisms
responsible for the manifestation of muscle strength.
Therefore, mature and elderly people should use
various complexes that allow them to resist
evolutionary changes in most organs and systems
when doing physical exercises.
Discussion. By the age of 13-14, the development of
dexterity is mostly completed, which is related to the
ability of children and adolescents to make precise,
coordinated and quick movements. Therefore,
dexterity is related, firstly, to the spatial accuracy of
movements, secondly, to temporal accuracy, and
thirdly, to the speed of solving complex motor tasks.
From the age of 3-4, the development of dexterity
improves rapidly in the first and second childhood,
which is helped by the good elasticity of muscle fibers
and ligamentous apparatus in children of this age. The
greatest increase in accuracy of movements is
observed from 4-5 to 7-8 years. Children under the age
of 6-7 cannot make fine precise movements in a very
short time. Then the spatial accuracy of movements
gradually develops, and then temporal accuracy.
Finally, the ability to quickly solve motor problems in
different situations is improved. Agility continues to
improve until age 17. It is interesting that sports
training has a significant effect on the development of
agility, and the accuracy of movements in 15-16-year-
old athletes is twice as high as in untrained teenagers
of the same age.
With age, endurance lasts longer than other physical
attributes. It is believed that its decrease begins after
the age of 55, and when working at an average power
(with aerobic energy supply), it often remains much
higher at the age of 70-75. This is confirmed by the well-
known facts that people of this age participate in long
races, swimming, and hiking. Endurance decreases
after 40-45 years when performing high-speed, power
and speed-power (with anaerobic energy supply)
exercises. This is because the development of
endurance depends primarily on the functional
usefulness of the circulatory, respiratory and blood
systems, that is, on the oxygen transport system,
which is not sufficiently exercised during the above
exercises. Regular physical activity for endurance
(running, skiing, swimming) significantly delays its
decline, strength training (weights, dumbbells,
expander) has little effect on the age-related dynamics
of endurance.
Volume 03 Issue 01-2023
12
International Journal of Pedagogics
(ISSN
–
2771-2281)
VOLUME
03
I
SSUE
01
Pages:
10-13
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
Flexibility is characterized by the ability to perform
movements of maximum amplitude. Without special
training, this quality begins to decline from the age of
15-20, which disrupts mobility and coordination in
various ways. complex actions. In the elderly, as a rule,
the flexibility of the div (especially the spine) is
significantly reduced. Training allows you to maintain
this quality for many years. The best result of trying to
restore flexibility is observed in those with good
physical fitness. Speed refers to the speed of a
person's movement, as well as the complex of
functional characteristics that directly determine the
time of movement reaction. There are three main
elements or forms of immediacy.
1. Latent time of movement reaction.
2. The speed of certain actions.
3. Speed of actions.
Coming to one of the three types shown is fast.
The combination of the three types, which indicate
the speed of movement, determines all cases of
manifestation of speed. When we say the speed of a
wrestler, we mean that he is able to perform some
actions in a short time, and when we say that the
reaction of a wrestler is good, we mean that he
performs capture situations or actions quickly and in a
short time, defends and uses countermeasures. In the
training of the quick movement reaction, it is necessary
to make quick decisions depending on the existing
conditions, to act against the attack of the opponent
and to understand the actions of the wrestler.
Therefore, we mainly look at three types of reactions
that occur in wrestling.
1. Normal reaction.
2. Complex reaction.
3. Selection reaction.
1. A normal reaction is to respond to a known or sudden
signal with a learned action. For example, a wrestler
responds to the initiation of a technique with a
prepared defense or counter technique. An example of
this is to take a running start, to quickly fire a pistol
while looking at pictures, and so on. Normal reaction
time of an average wrestler corresponds to 220-260
minutes and seconds. Several methods are used to
train normal reaction speed. The most common of
these is to react as quickly as possible to a sudden
signal or a change in the surrounding situation. For
example, with the coach's signal, the wrestler takes a
specific position, and changes his position when the
fight is called. We will dwell on two types of complex
reaction, that is, the reaction to the object in motion
and the reaction of choice. The reaction to the object
in motion is manifested in one-on-one exercises, for
example, when a wrestler learns an action with a
partner or a tupup. In ball games, only when the ball is
kicked into the goal, the goalkeeper's actions are an
example of a complex reaction.
He: a) sees the ball; b) must estimate the direction and
speed of the ball. In this case, the latent period of the
reaction consists of these four elements. The selection
reaction consists in choosing the right response action
according to the changes in the opponent's behavior
or the surrounding situation. For example, a defending
wrestler chooses one of the possible defenses
depending on the way his opponent is attacking. The
complexity of the selection reaction depends on the
rapid change of the situation. For example, in boxing,
the demand on the athlete's complex reaction is
extremely high, the opponent may unexpectedly try to
make a variety of blows with both left and right hands.
There are more than 600 muscles in the human div,
which make up 45-50% of the weight of an adult div.
Volume 03 Issue 01-2023
13
International Journal of Pedagogics
(ISSN
–
2771-2281)
VOLUME
03
I
SSUE
01
Pages:
10-13
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
Movements of a person in the external environment,
labor activity, speech function, breathing and other
physiological functions occur as a result of reflex
movement of muscles in groups. Muscles move due to
the effect of various environmental influences on
sensory organs and this influence goes to the brain
through the centripetal nerves, and as a result of the
analysis-synthesis process there, it comes to the
muscles through the centrifugal nerves. In addition,
the activity of internal organs affects the functional
state of skeletal muscles in a reflex way.
CONCLUSION
At the same time, the strength and speed of muscle
contractions, their excitability, elasticity, flexibility,
accuracy and endurance decrease, which is expressed
by a decrease in the amplitude and smoothness of
movements, an increase in stiffness, and a violation of
coordination (uncomfortable). walking), decreased
muscle tone, slowing of movements. This is due to
prolongation of the action potential in myocytes,
slowing down of excitation speed, decrease in the
strength of nerve processes and deterioration of
energy metabolism in cells.
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