Volume 04 Issue 09-2024
30
International Journal of Pedagogics
(ISSN
–
2771-2281)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
09
P
AGES
:
30-34
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
"Proper upbringing is our happy old age, poor
upbringing is our future grief, these are our tears,
this is our fault in front of other people.
" (A.S. Makarenko)
ABSTRACT
The article substantiates the importance of the formation of communication skills in young children. The article also
reveals the conditions for the correct formation of communication skills at an early age, describes the actions of close
adults in the development of these skills.
KEYWORDS
Education, early developmental assistance, children of early and preschool age, communication skills, emotional and
personal communication.
INTRODUCTION
Uzbekistan is moving towards a socially oriented
market economy, which is one of the five principles of
the Uzbek development model being put into practice.
A strong social policy indicates the relevance of issues
of social protection of children, including young
children.
Research Article
THE STATE OF SPEECH AND COMMUNICATION SKILLS IN YOUNG
CHILDREN
Submission Date:
Sep 07, 2024,
Accepted Date:
Sep 12, 2024,
Published Date:
Sep 17, 2024
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ijp/Volume04Issue09-06
Nazarova Elvira Narimanovna
Head of the Department of Preschool Education, Puchon University in Tashkent, Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ijp
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 04 Issue 09-2024
31
International Journal of Pedagogics
(ISSN
–
2771-2281)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
09
P
AGES
:
30-34
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
A man was born... He will go through a difficult path of
development before he takes the first steps,
pronounces the first word.
A child today is a
unique person who has all the rights, regardless of his
social and biological status. The necessary conditions
are being created in Uzbekistan that correspond to the
modern socio-cultural conditions of the development
of society and reflect the humanistic nature of
education. All this should fully meet the requirements
for the quality of education and ensure the principle of
fairness, equality of access to education for each child,
in accordance with his educational needs.
There are changes in education in understanding the
importance of the first years of life for the
development of the entire child's div as a whole. It
became obvious that the consequences would be
irreversible if the opportunity to provide early
developmental
assistance
was
missed.
The
combination of pedagogical, psychological and
medical models in the systemic concept of early
complex development is a special methodological
setting that makes it possible to obtain the most
positive effect.
The Government of the Republic of Uzbekistan pays
great attention to the development of children, makes
every effort to unlock their potential and help
integrate them into the modern community. In 2019,
Uzbekistan adopted the Law "On Preschool Education
and upbringing",[1] state requirements for the
development of children of early and preschool age
have been adopted, on the basis of which the State
Curriculum "Ilk qadam" was developed in preschool
educational organizations.
The problem of developing communication skills
constantly attracts the attention of teachers,
psychologists, physiologists, doctors, as well as
parents of children. The main task of all specialists is to
work on more effective and successful social
adaptation of children to adulthood and prepare them
for a prosperous life in society. The organization of
proper preparatory work in this field, starting from an
early age, is of great importance.
Studying the need for communication in infants is one
of the problematic tasks, since their presence has to be
judged by the assumed data. Some scientists consider
the early need for communication to be innate. More
often, scientists come to the conclusion that
communicative activity is not an innate skill of a child,
this need appears gradually, during the communicative
practice
of
communicating
with
adults.
Communication can be formed only through specially
organized upbringing and training of close adults with
a child, which will allow significant success in cognitive,
emotional, physical and social development
"How and when does the need for communication
appear in children? In search of an answer to this
question, we conducted systematic monitoring of
children starting from the 16th day of life.
The results of our observations indicate that
immediately after birth, the child does not
communicate with an adult in any way: he does not
respond to the appeals of his elders and, of course,
does not address them himself. And after 2 months,
infants enter into interaction with adults, which can be
considered communication; they develop a special
activity, the object of which is an adult, and strive to
attract the attention of an adult in order to become the
object of the same activity on his part". [2]
Volume 04 Issue 09-2024
32
International Journal of Pedagogics
(ISSN
–
2771-2281)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
09
P
AGES
:
30-34
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
International studies of brain development have
shown that the main condition for successful
development is the presence of permanent close
relationships between adults and a child, starting from
an early age. The outcome of the development of a
young child with functional disabilities depends on the
quality of daily interaction between parent and child. If
a child is isolated, if there are no close and warm
relationships with adults, even in the home, then
irreparable harm is done to the child's mental health
and brain development.
The upbringing of a child is not only a personal, private
matter of the parents
–
it is a matter of national
importance. The foundation of a future personality is
laid from the first years of a child's life. The family is
responsible for the upbringing of not only a physically
healthy, but also a well-developed mentally, moral, and
cultured person.
Parents (persons replacing them) should begin solving
the problems of proper upbringing from birth. To do
this, it is necessary to know the age characteristics of
children, i.e. to know what needs to be developed in a
child of this age, what should already be taught to him,
what can already be demanded of him and what is not
yet available to his understanding, what conditions
should be created for this.
Early childhood education means, first of all, to
strengthen the child's health by proper feeding and
hygienic care for him, to ensure the normal
development of the child's div, to create all
conditions for the development of his higher nervous
activity, his vision, hearing, and then all vital
movements. Great attention should be paid to the
timely development of his speech, memory, attention
and thinking.
The first year of a child's life is a stage of emotional and
personal communication with people around him,
which satisfies his need for attention and goodwill.
Since emotional and personal interaction has a decisive
influence on the formation of all aspects of the child's
psyche, this stage of communication receives the
status of the child's leading activity. [4]
How does communication begin? It is known that in the
first two to three weeks of life, a child does not show
any initiative towards an adult. But despite this, his
parents constantly talk to him, caress him, catch his
eye. It is thanks to the love of adults, which is
expressed in such simple actions, that at the end of the
first month of life the child begins to respond to them
first, and a little later he himself takes the initiative with
the so-called revival complex. The baby looks into the
adult's eyes, smiles, joyfully hums, waves his arms,
bends his whole div, demonstrating satisfaction
from his presence and attracting attention to himself.
[4]
In order for the child's wakefulness to be full-fledged,
it is necessary to evoke positive emotions in him, form
new needs and appropriate activity. An adult can do
this by communicating with a child from the first
months of his life. Without the appropriate educational
influence of an adult, a child's life is poor and primitive,
therefore it is necessary to prevent the occurrence and
strengthening of negative emotions
–
anger, jealousy,
fear, etc.
In accordance with age, it is necessary to enrich the
child with the impressions available to him about the
world around him. It is important to develop good
relationships with other children and adults at an early
age, i.e. to give the basics of moral education.
Volume 04 Issue 09-2024
33
International Journal of Pedagogics
(ISSN
–
2771-2281)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
09
P
AGES
:
30-34
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
What should parents do for the child's development?
From the first minutes of life, a child is surrounded by
many things - diapers, bottles, spoons, toys, etc. But,
oddly enough, a small child does not notice this, does
not see, despite quite normal vision. And in order for
him to see an object, want to pick it up and examine it,
the intervention of an adult is necessary[ Razvitie-
rechi-u-deteyj-ot.html ]. Already in the second month
of life, it is necessary to hang bright toys above the crib
at chest level at a height of 45-50 cm, so that it is easier
for the child to look at them, reach out to them.
A three-month-old child can play in a crib for two hours
after sleeping and feeding. If the toys are hanging over
the child's chest, then he bumps into them with his
hands, learns to grab them, then reaches for them,
shakes, etc. The ability to take, shake toys, and work
with pens is of great importance for the subsequent
development of the child. In the future, the child will
be able to turn on his side and on his stomach, perform
various actions with toys.
The act of grasping is of great importance in the child's
development process. And visual control plays a big
role here. The child examines his hands, watches how
the hand approaches the object. Acquiring the skill of
grabbing objects is of great importance for the mental
development of a child. It is associated with the
emergence of objective perception. When the stimulus
falls on the eye, there is no image yet. An image arises
when there is an effective contact between the image
and the object. Due to the development of the act of
grasping, an idea of space is formed (the space of an
outstretched arm). Thanks to the act of grasping, the
hand develops: there is an opposition of the thumb.
In a six-month-old child, wakefulness is also expressed
by a positive emotional state: he makes loud
exclamations, individual sounds, hums melodiously,
pronounces the syllables: "ba", "ma", "pa". A selective
attitude towards the environment is formed,
attachment to close people appears. The child
correlates certain sound combinations with objects
surrounding people, and when naming them, he will
turn his head or look with his eyes.
Multiple studies by scientists have shown that all
mental processes in a child, such as perception,
memory, attention, thinking, imagination, develop
only through speech (L. S. Vygotsky, A. L. Leontiev, A.
R. Luria, etc.). The results of these studies have shown
that the main form of educational influence is
communication, i.e. such the relationship between an
adult and a child, in which the child not only passively
undergoes the influence of an adult, but also becomes
an active actor himself. Communication with a child
should form the basis of all forms of educational
influence on him, starting from the first month of life.
By one year of life, a child should be able to speak
about 6-10 words: At the age of one, the ability to
imitate develops, which makes it possible to learn
various joke games: to make "magpie thief",
"ladushki", "ram-ram-boom", "there is a horned goat",
etc. These games are the first elements of the
development of fine motor skills of the hands, which in
the future will lead to the correct development of
speech.
In a one-and-a-half-year-old child, the development of
understanding adult speech prevails over the
development of independent speech. At this age, the
emerging understanding of the relationship between
objects, actions and their results, the understanding of
the situation becomes broader and more complex:
associations and memory are enriched. The child
Volume 04 Issue 09-2024
34
International Journal of Pedagogics
(ISSN
–
2771-2281)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
09
P
AGES
:
30-34
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
imitates the speech of an adult on his own initiative,
repeating the words he hears
–
"grasps on the fly",
reproduces
immediately,
repeats
repeatedly,
accompanies his game with words.
Adults need to communicate a lot with the child, play
with him, consider something with him, pay attention
to the environment, name everything that interests
the child and the child needs to contact adults more
often.
In the second half of the second year, there is a leap in
the development of active speech. So, if by one year a
child actively uses 10 words, at one and a half years he
pronounces 60-70 words, then by three years a child
should use about 1,500 words. [3] The child's speech
becomes expressive, interrogative, exclamation points
appear.
The rate of speech development in a child varies: they
depend not only on how much adults communicate
with the child, but also on individual characteristics. So,
it has been noticed that children who can concentrate
and play with toys a lot speak less than those children
who do not have the ability to play to such an extent,
but spend most of their time with adults.
It must be remembered that "the hour of a child's birth
is the first hour of his education" (Johann Heinrich
Pestalozzi).
REFERENCES
1.
Закон РУз «О дошкольном образовании и
воспитании». Принят Законодательной палатой
22 октября 2019г. Одобрен Сенатом 14 декабря
2019г.
2.
Лисина М.И. Потребность в общении//Лисина
М.И. Проблемы онтогенеза общения.
-
М.:
Педагогика, 1986. С.31–
57
3.
https://intellektika.org/logoped_/razvitie_rechi_de
tey_ot_0_do_7_let
4.
https://studfile.net/preview/8328223/
